• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2005

Moisture sorption characteristics of edible composite films were determined and compared against moisture barrier properties. Edible composite films were Z1 (zein film with polyethylene glycol(PEG) and glycerol), Z2 (zein film with oleic acid), ZA1 (zein-coated high amylose corn starch film with PEG and glycerol), and ZA2 (zein-coated high amylose corn starch film with oleic acid). Z2 film showed the lowest equilibrium moisture content (EMC), monolayer value ($W_m$), water vapor permeability (WVP), and water solubility (WS). Surface structure of Z2 was relatively denser and finer than that of other edible films. GAB $W_m$ and C values decreased, while K values increased with increasing temperature. Correlation coefficients of WS:EMC and WVP:EMC at Aw 0.75 were higher than those of WS: $W_m$ and WVP: $W_m$, respectively. EMC values at Aw 0.75 appeared useful for evaluating or predicting moisture barrier properties of edible films.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.473-478
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• 1990

컴퓨터를 이용해 건조식품의 수분 증가 및 감소를 여러 유통 환경에서 예측할 수 있는 시뮬레이션이 크라프트지로 포장된 옥수수 전분을 시료로 하여 행해졌다. 즉 기체 및 수증기 부과성이 있는 포장지로 포장된 옥수수전분의 흡습에 의한 수분함량 및 수분활성의 변화를 예측할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 제작하여 적용하여 보았다. 전분의 등온흡습곡선은 수분활성 $0.32{\sim}0.90$ 범위에서 선형 회귀에 의해 직선적으로 나타낼 수 있었고 시뮬레이션에 의해 저장 80일 동안 수분함량, 수분활성 및 중량 변화를 예측하여 본 바 실측치와의 최대 편차 8.94% 이내에서 잘 적용되었다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2005

Determination of safety factor of corrugated fiberboard boxes used for agricultural products is very complicated process due to nature of living products. Moisture content is one of the most critical factors to determine overall physical strength of paper, so its influences on strength properties of corrugated board made from different raw materials must be quantified. The results obtained from the study were summarized as follows; 1. Results show a detrimental effect on bursting strength and compressive strength of liners with increasing relative humidity of environment and moisture content of liners. 2. The relevance of equilibrium moisture content at varying relative humidity levels was proved and its relationship was used as an important factor to estimate box compression strength. 3. Test results was statistically used for establish the relationship between relative humidity and moisture content of liners. Estimated compression strength of boxes at varying moisture content was similar to results of theoretical equations such as Kellicutt's. Further study could be carried out in order to determine a optimum safety factors of various corrugated board boxes for agricultural products.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2006

In this study, the effects of the relative humidity and storage time of blended tobaccos at total blending silo on cut tobacco equilibrium moisture contents, leaf moisture contents and migration of casing materials of tobacco types were investigated. To maintain the cutting moisture content(21 $\pm$ 1 %), it is necessary to keep 75 % relative humidity at 28 $^{\circ}C$ at total blending silo. The moisture content of reconstituted tobacco sheet was changed from $13{\sim}14$ % to $19{\sim}21$ % within 2 h after preblending. The contents of glycerin and fructose of tobacco types followed by storage time after preblending were not changed significantly. From these results, it is suggested that 2 h storage time after preblending was sufficient to maintain physical properties of cut tobaccos and tobacco taste and fragrance.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

The study aimed at the theoretical analysis of vapor sorption properties of, pp.rmaking fibers. Water vapor affinity and sorption thermodynamic properties of fiber constituents were evaluated based on Henry's law and Hildebrand's solubility theory. Theoretical equilibrium moisture content(ThEMC) on fiber surface was estimated using functional group contribution. Crystallinity of cellulose in fiber significantly controlled the water vapor solubility. Comparisons of the measured equilibrium moisture content data and the estimated ThEMC data coincidently suggested the fact that crystallinity of cellulose in fibers was around 60% to 70%. Carbohydrates constituents including amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose in fibers showed higher vapor solubility than lignin molecules. High correlation existed between ThEMC and vapor solubility as well as between ThEMC and solubility parameter. In the thermodynamic analysis on water-vapor sorption process in fibers, the sorption enthalpy increased as RH increased, whereas sorption entropy and free energy decreased with increasing RH.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

콘크리트의 타설 직후, 상대적으로 콘크리트는 높은 증기압을 갖게 되며, 주위의 대기는 낮은 증기압을 갖게 된다. 콘크리트와 대기 간의 증기압의 평형을 유지하려는 작용 때문에 콘크리트의 표면에서 대기로 수분이 이동하는 증발이 발생한다. 표면에서 일어나는 증발로 인하여 콘크리트의 내부에서도 증기압의 차이가 발생하며, 이로 인하여 콘크리트 내부의 수분이 서서히 표면으로 이동하는 수분확산이 일어난다 이 수분확산의 속도는 콘크리트의 소성 균열, 수화도, 강도와 같은 요인으로 작용하여 콘크리트의 품질에 크게 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 콘크리트 수분확산의 지배방정식과 실내에서 측정된 콘크리트의 온도와 상대습도를 이용하여 초기재령의 콘크리트의 수분확산도를 역계산하였다. 역계산된 콘크리트의 수분확산도를 이용하여 콘크리트의 수분확산도 모형을 개발하였으며, 이를 입력값으로 사용하여 유한요소법에 의해 콘크리트의 상대습도를 계산하였다. 그 결과로서 계산된 상대습도는 측정된 상대습도와 대체로 일치하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제14권E호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1998

Oxides of nitrogen play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. Soil has been recognized as a major natural source of NO, and its emission depends on soil parameters such as soil nitrogen availability, soil moisture and temperature. It is necessary to understand effects of these controlling parameters on soil NO emission. In order to understand soil moisture effects on NO emission, variations of NO concentration and existence of its equilibrium concentration were observed from ammonium fertilized Japanese upland soil prepared for different soil moisture conditions. The closed chamber technique was employed for this study. The significant increases in NO with soil moisture were found. Maximum was occurred at sample ID4 (55% of water-filled pore space (WFPS)), but it decreased as soil moisture increased. No significant NO concentration was emitted from soil sample without fertilizer, but there was significant NO in fertilized soil samples. The magnitudes of NO from soil increased with time and reached at steady state within ten minutes approximately. These results suggest that nitrogen input from fertilizer takes charge in the first step of sharp increase in NO emission, and then soil moisture becomes important factor to control NO emission from the soils. NO concentrations from soil were compared to those one-day after the experiment. Results from the comparison analysis suggest that the soil NO flux might have been stimulated by soil disturbances like mixing, and this is much more effective in dry soils rather than in wet soils. It was found that much less NO came out from soils after a day; suggesting that most of NO was released from the soils within a day after fertilizer application during our experiment. The length of NO releasing time span may depend on the amounts of fertilizer applied, soil moisture condition, and other soil physical parameters.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.513-518
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• 2010

멸치분말의 저장안정성을 알아보고자 80 mesh이상, 80-60 mesh, 60-40 mesh로 입자크기에 따라 분급하여 흡습특성을 조사하고 평형수분함량의 예측 모델식을 수립하였다. 평형수분함량은 수분활성도가 높아짐에 따라 빠르게 증가하는 양상이었으며, 높은 온도에서 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 단분자층 수분함량은 BET식보다 GAB식이 더 높은 유의성을 보였으며 그 함량은 0.022-0.029 g $H_2O/g$ dry solid 였다. 수분활성도가 증가함에 따라 필요로 하는 흡습에너지가 낮아져 흡습엔탈피는 감소하여 흡습이 쉽게 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다. 등온흡습곡선의 적합도는 Kuhn 모델이 $R^2$ 0.94 이상으로 높은 적합도를 나타내었고, Halsey, Caurie, Oswin 모델순으로 적합도를 나타내었다. 흡습 중 평형상대습도 예측 모델을 수립하기 위해 온도와 수분활성도의 경우 일차함수, 시간의 경우 ln 함수가 높은 적합도를 보였으며, 수분활성도 예측모델식은 입자의 크기에 관계없이 상대습도와 시간으로 수립한 모델식의 적합도가 적절한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.629-639
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• 2017

현재 합천 해인사에 보관되어 있는 고려속장경(일명 팔만대장경)은 역사적 가치나 규모면에 있어서 세계적인 문화재이나 아직도 어떤 수종으로 만들어졌는지 모르고 있다. 중요한 문화재이기 때문에 손상없이 비파괴적으로 수종을 추정하는 방법이 필요하다. 밀도를 알게 되면 수종을 추정하기 쉽다. 유전율식 목재수분계의 원리를 역으로 이용하면 함수율을 알고 있는 목재의 전건밀도를 얻을 수 있다는데 착안하여 연구를 수행하였다. 국내산 100여 개 수종, 122개 재감의 전건밀도를 치수법과 유전율식 목재수분계 추정법으로 구하여 두 계수의 상관관계와 회귀식을 찾았으며 문헌자료를 이용하여 회귀식의 유의성을 검정하였다. 치수법으로 측정한 전건밀도와 유전율식 목재수분계로 추정한 전건밀도는 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이 관계식을 이용하면 팔만대장경판의 전건밀도를 추정할 수 있으며 나아가 수종을 예측할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.14-22
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• 1986

This study was carried out to find a method which can be used to measure the soil moisture content of the soil bin exactly and quickly. And gypsum block is used as an instrument in measuring soil moisture content in the field of green house farming, etc.. However the characteristics of gypsum block, or the guide line of making gypsum block is not well introduced in Korea. So the information about gypsum block such as the density of gypsum, type of electrode, dimension of electrode, distance between electrodes, density of surrounding soil were included in this study and their effects on the relationship between soil moisture content and electrical resistance were investigated. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The grid type electrode was quicker in accessing the equilibrium condition and showed more sensitive response to the change of soil moisture content than the plate type electrode. 2. The longer the distance between the electrodes, the larger the electrical resistance, and the distance of 3 to 5 mm was recommended. 3. The larger the width of the electrode, the smaller the electrical resistance. However, there was no significance between the levels designed in this study. Considering the size of the gypsum block itself, the adaptible range of width may be 4 to 8 mm. 4. The higher the density of gypsum, the smaller the electrical resistance. And the block of lower density was broken down in the soil of higy moisture content. The optimum ratio of gypsum to water was 7:5. 5. The measuring system used in this study allowed simultaneous, multi-data acquisition. So this system using A/D converter can be applied to the measurement of soil moisture content of soil bin.