• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1986

Using imprint cultures and epithelial smears, the density and prevalence of colonization of oral mucosal sites and denture surfaces by Candida albicans has been determined in 28 healthy dentate subjects and 20 denture wearers. With questionnaire, oral and denture examination, the relationship between the carrier rates and several factors; DMFT, oral hygiene index, salivary pH & denture plaque score were studied. But these factors have not significant relationship to the carrier rates. Imprint culture appears to be sensitive technique for detecting candidal carriers and be useful for distinguishing between the healthy carrier state and candidal infection. Cigarette smokers had a significantly increased carrier state (P<0.05) compared with nonsmoker in male dentate subjects. Female were more frequent carriers than male in dentate and denture group, but these differences were not significant. In denture wearers, there was a higher density and frequency of candidal colonization of all mucosal sites sampled, compared with that of healthy dentate group especially anterior palate and posterior palate showed highly significant differences in frequency of candidal colonization (P<0.05). The distribution of Candida albicans is not uniform throughout the mouth. The tongue in the healthy dentate subjects and the impression surfaces of upper dentures are the primary oral reservoirs for the fungus. Overnight wearing of dentures was associated with increased density and frequency of candidal colonization and density.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of an herbal mixture of Atractylodes macrocephala and Taraxacum spp. (ATC) on ulcerative colitis. We have previously screened traditional medicinal herbs to discover the effective candidate by the animal model. A. macrocephala and T. spp were identified as one of the effective herbs in the screening process. Methods : Experimental colitis was induced in male Balb/c mice by administering drinking water containing dextran sulfate sodium, which mimics the clinical and histological features of ulcerative colitis in human. ATC at doses of 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg were orally administered to mice twice per day for 10 consecutive days. To evaluate the damage from experimentla ulcerative colitis, body weight, colon length, disease activity index, myeloperoxidase and histological changes were measured and analyzed. Results : The administration of dextran sulfate sodium with drinking water resulted in markedly reduced colon length, severe body weight loss, increased levels of myeloperoxidase activity and histological damages in mice. ATC treatment significantly ameliorated the colon shortening, histological damage, body weight loss and disease activity index score in a dose-dependent manner. ATC also attenuated the colonic myeloperoxidase activity which reflects the severity and extent of inflammatory damage of colon. Conclusions : ATC exerts protective effects against inflammatory colonic structural damage induced by epithelial barrier integrity impairment. ATC also inhibits weight loss and related symptoms of UC which can be considered as the functional recovery of colon.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.410-427
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• 2023

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have provided novel tools for rapid and precise pathologic diagnosis. The introduction of digital pathology has enabled the acquisition of scanned slide images that are essential for the application of AI. The application of AI for improved pathologic diagnosis includes the error-free detection of potentially negligible lesions, such as a minute focus of metastatic tumor cells in lymph nodes, the accurate diagnosis of potentially controversial histologic findings, such as very well-differentiated carcinomas mimicking normal epithelial tissues, and the pathological subtyping of the cancers. Additionally, the utilization of AI algorithms enables the precise decision of the score of immunohistochemical markers for targeted therapies, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and programmed death-ligand 1. Studies have revealed that AI assistance can reduce the discordance of interpretation between pathologists and more accurately predict clinical outcomes. Several approaches have been employed to develop novel biomarkers from histologic images using AI. Moreover, AI-assisted analysis of the cancer microenvironment showed that the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was related to the response to the immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, emphasizing its value as a biomarker. As numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of AI-assisted interpretation and biomarker development, the AI-based approach will advance diagnostic pathology.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1549-1554
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• 2007

To verify the effects of JAUN-1, which is a water-extracted herbal mixture, on gastroenteric disorders induced by 0.1 percent of iodoacetamide (IA) in rats. We divided four groups, $Na{\&quot;{\i}}ve$ + Distilled Water (DW), 0.1% IA + DW, 0.1% IA + Proton pump inhibitor (Lansoprazole, 5 mg/kg) and 0.1% IA + Herbal mixture (JAUN-1, 50mg/kg) and performed following experimental methods to confirm its advantageous effects against ulcerogenic stomach in rats induced by 0.1% IA; cell cytotoxicity, analysis of lesions score, Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) stain, RT-PCR for ${\beta}-actin$, COX-1 and COX-2 and evaluation of intestinal prokinetic activity. No cytotoxicity was elucidated at the concentration of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and 1mg/ml JAUN-1 through MTT Assay using by human stomach epithelial AGS cells, respectively. In addition, the JAUN-1 treated group and the lansoprazole treated group significantly decreased in lesions score compared to the DW treated group in the gastritis induced rat model, and results of immunohistochemistry by H&E staining showed that histological recovery in Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) and JAUN-1 treated groups rather than the DW administrated group. Another outcome was that ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-2 expression level was significantly promoted in the DW treated group while ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-1 expression level was no meaningful change in this rat model. Finally, intestinal prokinetic activity was recovered from low level of prokinetic activity due to 0.1% IA induced gastritis to the similar level of Normal group. These results suggested that JAUN-1 may have beneficial effects against 0.1% IA-induced gastritis rat model through decreasing lesions score, histological recovery, ${\beta}-actin$ relative COX-1, 2 expression level and prokinetic activity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.919-927
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• 1996

In the last few years, methods for in vitro culture of early embryo stages from oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro using suitable cell culture systems have been established. But the factors affecting pregnancy rates following transfer of bovine embryos produced in vitro were not evaluated enough. So this study was performed to investigate the effects of quality and stage of embryos, parity and Corpus Luteum quality of recipients on pregnancy rates following non-surgical transfer of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Oocytes aspirated from small antral follicles of ovaries obtained at a local slaughter house were matured, fertilized with frozen-thawed semen and co-cultured for 6-7 days by utilizing co-culture system with bovine oviduct epithelial cell in vitro. After co-culture, embryos were transfered to recipients on day 7 (estrus=day 0). Recipients were monitored by ultrasonic scanning method or observation for estrus and rectal palpation after 50 days from transfer. The results of this study are follows. 1. Of the 70 recipients, 70%(49 of 70) had not showed estrus sign between day 0 and day 50, but 22.9%(16 of 70) was diagnosed not pregnant. Therefore the overall pregnancy rate of this study was 47.1%(33 of 70). 2. The pregnancy rate of recipients transfered with excellent(66.7%) and good(54.5%) embryos were higher than that of recipients transfered with fair embryos(15.8%) (p<0.05). 3. The pregnancy rate of recipients transfered with morula, compacted morula, blastocyst and expanded blastocysts were 46.2, 55.0, 62.5 and 50.0%, respectively. 4. The pregnancy rates of recipients transfered to heifer and cow were 54.5 and 55.2%, respectively. 5. The pregnancy rates of recipients with CL score I, II(66.7, 63.6%) were higher than those of recipients with CL score III (10%), (p<0.05). Success of transfer of embryos produced in vitro depends on many variables. The important factors identified in this study were the quality of embryos and the CL score of recipient animals after non-surgical transfer of embryos matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.224-241
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of Sargassum (Sargassum pallidum (TURN.) C. AG.; SP) on the experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice. Methods : ICR mice were divided into 7 groups (NOR, CON, $SS50\times5$, $SP20\times3$, $SP50\times3$, $SP20\times5$, $SP50\times5$). TNBS processing was intrarectally applied to all experimental groups on the 3rd experiment day, except the normal group (NOR). For investigating the prophylactic effect, SP at doses of 20 mg/kg ($SP20\times5$) and 50 mg/kg ($SP50\times5$) were orally administered for 5 days. The SP at doses of 20 mg/kg ($SP20\times3$) and 50 mg/kg ($SP50\times3$) were orally administered for 3 days after the colitis induction in order to check the effect of treatment. As a positive control group, sulfasalazine 50 mg/kg ($SS50\times5$) was administrated. Macroscopic findings of epithelial tissue on mice were measured by colon length and macroscopic score. Histologic findings were also checked by crypt cell, epithelial cell, inflammatory cell and edema of submucosa. We measured the ability of SP to inhibit lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity. We also measured levels of the inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-$1\beta$ and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), its transcription factor activation, phospho-NF-${\kappa}B$ (pp65), in the colon by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis. We measured activation of fecal bacterial enzyme, $\beta$-glucuronidase and degradation activation of fecal glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and hyaluronic acid. Results : Oral administration of SP on mice inhibited TNBS-induced colon shortening and myeloperoxidase activity in the colon of mice as well as IL-$1\beta$ and COX-2 expression. SP also inhibited TNBS-induced lipid peroxidation and pp65 activation in the colon of mice. SP inhibited $\beta$-glucuronidase activation and fecal hyaluronic acid degradation activation as well. Conclusions : SP could be a possible herbal candidate and preventive prebiotic agent for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Further experiments to differentiate effects of SP on IBD, such as other solutions and extracting times, might be promising.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1182-1190
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• 1996

선천성 기도협착 또는 후천적 원인 등으로 기관협착이 유발된 환자의 치료에 있어 병변이 너무 길어 절제후 단단문합이 불가능한 경우에 인조물질과 생체조직편 등을 고려할 수 있으나 수많은 합병증으로 인해 사용하기가 어렵다. 본 연구는 다른 장기에서처럼 기관도 이식술이 가능한지를 규명하기 위한 첫단계로 초냉동 보관된 기관 조직을 복강 내에 이식하여 생명력과 기관의 형태학적 기능의 유지 여부를 파악하였다. 15마리의 공여동물인 Wistar쥐로부터 30개의 기관절편을 분리하였다. 이 중 18개의 절편을 장기 보관하지 않은 이소 이식술에, 12개의 절편을 초냉동장기 보관후 이소 이식술에 이용하였다. 모두 다섯 군이며 각 군은 6마리로 구성되었다. 각 군을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. I군은 동인자형 이식된 비교군으로 면역억제제를 투여하지 않았으며, II군은 이인자형이식후 면역억제제를 투여하지 않은 군이었다. III군은 이인자형이식후 면역억제제를 투여한 군으로 위 세 가지 군은 조직을 장기간 보관하지 않았다. IV군과 V군은 초냉동 보관된 기관을 이소 이식에 이용한 군으로 IV군은 면역억제제를 투여하였으며 V군은 이를 투여하였지 않았다. 모두 술후 28일째 이식 쥐를 절명시킨 후 이소 이식된 기관을 분리하여 조직학적 검사를 실시하여 상피의 두께와 재생정도를 조사하였다. 상피세포의 두께를 비교하여보면 II군과 IV군에서 나머지 군과 비교하여 유의한 감소가 있음을 관찰할 수 있었고 재생정도의 관찰에서는 II군이 타군과 비교하여 재생이 감소되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 초냉동보관된 기관의 이소이식술후에는 면역억제제의 사용한 군은(IV)상피세포의 두께는 감소하나 재생정도는 면역억제제를 사용하지 않은 군과 비교하여 큰 차이는 없었다. 5군 모두 기관의 둥근 형태를 잘 유지하고 있었다. 이상의 결과로 기관조직의 장기간 초냉동 보관이 가능하고, 측행혈류를 조기에 생성해 주는 대망에 감싸주었을 때 기관의 둥근 형태를 유지하고 상피세포가 재생되어 기관의 동종이식이 가능할 것이며 면역억제제는 필요하지 않겠다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2001

목 적: 소아 H. pylori 위염에서 균 박멸 후의 조직학적 변화에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이며 치료전의 조직소견과 균 박멸과의 관련성 또한 잘 밝혀져 있지 않다. 이에 저자들은 H. pylori 위염 소아들을 대상으로 치료 전후의 내시경 및 조직소견을 분석하여 균 박멸로 초래되는 위염의 내시경적, 조직학적 변화 및 균 박멸의 성공에 영향을 주는 치료 전 조직소견들을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 95년 6월부터 99년 5월까지 만성 복통으로 내원하여 치료 전후 내시경 생검을 시행받은 소아들 중 조직 검사상 균이 관찰되면서 urease 검사가 양성인 만성위염 소아 42명을 대상으로 하였다. 박멸요법 후 4주 이후에 추적 내시경 검사를 시행하여 위 두 가지 검사 및 배양 검사가 모두 음성인 경우를 균 박멸로 판정하였고, 조직 소견상 위전정부의 균밀도 및 염증 소견들을 최근의 시드니 위염분류법에 따라 0, 1, 2, 3으로 등급화하여 분석하였다. 또한 OAC로 치료받은 32명의 소아들을 박멸에 성공한 군과 실패한 군으로 나누어 각각의 경우 시드니 위염분류법에 따른 치료 전 조직 소견에 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 결 과: 1) 균이 박멸된 소아들(27례)의 경우 결절성 위염은 치료 전 89%에서 치료 후 63%로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 조직 소견상 호중구 침윤등급은 평균 2.06에서 0.24로 현저하게 감소하였고(p<0.01), 만성염증세포 침윤등급은 평균 2.61에서 1.89로 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.05) 완전히 호전된 예는 없었다. 림프여포는 48%에서 15%로 유의하게 감소하였고(p<0.05), 점막 상피손상은 치료 후 모두 소실되었다. 균박멸에 실패한 소아들(15례)의 경우는 치료 전후 결절성 위염의 빈도, 조직 소견상 호중구 및 만성염증세포 침윤등급, 림프여포의 빈도에 유의한 변화가 없었다. 2) OAC 세 약제 치료 후 성공적으로 균이 박멸된 소아들(18례)과 균 박멸에 실패한 소아들(14례)의 치료전 내시경 소견과 조직소견을 비교하였을 때 결절성 위염의 빈도, 호중구 및 만성 염증세포침윤등급, 림프 여포 및 상피손상의 빈도에 모두 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 균밀도는 균박멸에 실패한 소아들에서 더 높은 경향을 보였다(p=0.072). 결 론: 소아 H. pylori 위염에서 균박멸 치료 4주 이후 호중구 침윤은 현저한 감소를 보이며, 만성염증세포 침윤정도, 림프여포와 내시경상 결절성 위염도 의미 있는 호전을 보인다. 시드니 위염분류법에 따른 치료 전의 조직학적인 등급 중 균밀도는 높을수록 균박멸이 낮은 경향이 있어서 치료의 성공여부를 예측하는 데 이용될 수 있는 가능성이 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

Factors Affecting the Survival of Frozen Thawed Bovine In Vitro Produced Blastocysts. The effect of some factors on the post-thaw survival of a total of 240 in vitro produced bovine blastocysts was investigated using logistic regression analysis. The explanatory variables tested were: type of culture medium before freezing (TCM 199 supplemented with BSA, BSAITS (BSA+insulin+transferrin+selenium), ECS (estrous cow serum) with or without BOEC (bovine oviductal epithelial cells), age of the blastocyst (Day 7, Day 8+9), morphological appearance before freezing (distinct=Q1 or indistinct=Q2 inner cell mass) and type of cryoprotectant (glycerol, 1.0 M or ethylene glycol, 1.6 M). The survival after thawing based on the post-thaw quality and the development after co-culture with BOEC for 24 and 48 hours. Day 7 blastocysts had an almost three times better chance of survival than Day 8+9 blastocysts. Q1, Day 8+9 blastocysts had higher odds to survive after 48 hours in culture than Q2 blastocysts (p<0.05). Blastocysts produced in BSAITS medium had the best chances of survival; however, the odds were not always significant. Blastocysts frozen in glycerol had a better post-thaw quality rating than those frozen in ethylene glycol; however, the difference in post-thaw development at culture was not significant. The relationship between post-thaw quality and post-thaw development at culture was significant (p<0.05). The developmental stage and/or age of the embryo and culture medium where development up to blastocyst takes place affect the post-thaw survival of the bovine embryos.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7671-7674
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• 2015

Background: Overexpression of HER2-neu has been reported in many epithelial malignancies, including cancers of the breast, ovaries, lungs, prostate, bladder, pancreas, colorectum and stomach as well as osteosarcomas. The aim of this study was evaluation of expression of HER2-neu immunohistochemistry (IHC) status and clinicopathologic features in a series of colonic adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study, we surveyed 211 samples of colon adenocarcinoma from 182 patients (86.3%) undergoing total or partial colectomy and 29 (7.13%) with biopsies by colonoscopy. A sufficient sample size was obtained from all cases and the slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and also by IHC (HER2) staining. Results: The mean age for the patients at diagnosis was 57.9 years (range, 15-88 years). One hundred and twenty one patients (57.3%) were male. Of all patients, 201 samples (95.3%) were conventional adenocarcinomas (159, 29 and 13 cases were well, moderately and poorly differentiated, respectively) and 10 (4.7%) were mucinous type. Out of 211 cases, 171 were checked for lymph nodes metastasis and 64 were positive. There is a correlation between HER2 scores and differentiation, most score 3 cases being well differentiated (P<0.05). Conclusions: In patients with advanced colon cancer, surgery alone is not curative and other forms of therapy may be required to prolong patient survival. HER2 overexpression was found in some cases and this could be a guideline to new adjuvant therapy for these patients.