• Applied Microscopy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1990

The epidermal tissue of Korean planaria Phagocata vivida(Ijima et Kaburaki) is composed of the simple columnar epithelium. The ventral epidermis of this animals is thinner than the dorsal epidermis and has a furrow in the median line in which dark cell is observed. The clear cells which are electron-lucent are located either side of the dark cells. Those are compactly covered with long cilia. The free surface of the latero-ventral epidermis is tightly contacted with the earth and this epidermal free surface has a great number of short cilia, and a lot of C-type of basophilic granule cell are migrated into the cytoplasm of epithelium from mesenchyme passing through the basement membrane and then this granules are put out of latero-ventral free surface. Dorsal epidermis is thickest among the whole epidermis of these animals and the rhabdite granules are more distributed in dorsal epidermis than in ventral epidermis. According to the cytochemical and ultrastructural research, composed epidermis of this planaria are divided into nine type cells, that is, ciliated columnar epithelium, dark cell, mucous cell, rhabdite-forming cell, sunk round cell, A type, B type, C type and D type of basophilic granule cell.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.3 s.59
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• pp.221-227
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• 2005

The effects of light and $CO_2$ on the electrophysiological characteristics of guard cells in the intact leaf and isolated epidermis have been investigated. Fast hyperpolarization of guard cell apoplastic PD in the intact leaf was recorded reaching up to around 7 mV and 20 mV in response to light and $CO_2$. Whenever the experiments were attempted with isolated epidermis, there was no response to light and $CO_2$. In order to determine the influence of the mesophyll cells, the apoplastic PD of guard cells in isolated epidermis was measured in the presence of the mesophyll supernatant or the control medium. The apoplastic PD in isolated epidermis was hyperpolarized to -7mV, changing from -22mV to -29mV at 40 min. But, when isolated epidermis was incubated with the supernatant from mesophyll cells incubated in the light, the apoplastic PD in isolated epidermis was hyperpolarized to -19 mV, changing from -22 mV to -40.5 mV. $CO_2$ also caused a change of 0.1 to 0.3 pH unit in the intact leaf. However, this change was absent in isolated epidermis. A vibrating probe was used to detect the change in electrical currents at the surface of excised intact leaves and isolated epidermis. The reading of excised intact leaves in the dark was $0.5\muA\;cm^{-2},$ remaining steady until illuminated. Light increased the current on the surface of excised leaves to about $0.8\muA\;cm^{-2},$. However, light had no effect in the current on the surface of isolated epidermis. Apoplastic pH changes across the stomatal complex in response to light and dark were measured both in the intact leaves and isolated epidermis over the same time period using pH micro-electrodes. The guard cell wall of intact leaf was acidified to 2.5 pH unit, falling from pH 7.5 to pH 5.0 in the first 10 min. in the light. At the same time the guard cell wall pH of isolated epidermis fell from pH 7.5 to pH 7.0 at 10 min. The guard cell wall pH of isolated epidermis incubated in the mesophyll supernatant fell from pH 7.6 to pH 6.7 at 10 min. Likewise, It could be imagined that an electrical signal, chemicals and hormones propagated from the mesophyll in response to light and $CO_2$ could control a fast stomatal response.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2000

Ultrastructures on the integumentary epidermis of the marbled sole, Limanda yokahamae, were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscope. Epidermal layer consists of supporting cells, unicellular glands and accessory cells. The supporting cells were classified into superficial cell, intermediated cell and basal cell. The cytoplasm of supporting cells is divided into cortex and medullar part. In the cortex and medullar part, microfilaments and cell organelles are well developed, respectively. Gland cells are present in the superficial and middle epidermis. The cytoplasm of mucous cell reacted to blue in AB-PAS (pH 2.5). Club cell has a roundish central vacuole and well-developed microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Granular cells are occurs in the middle and basal epidermis , and the cytoplasm is occupied with membrane-bounded granules of electron dense. Chloride cells are present in the superficial epidermis , and the cytoplasm is occupied with tubular mitochondria. Three types of pigment cells can be distinguished by electron density of cytoplasmic inclusions.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2005

To observe the respiratory system in relation to the air-breathing organ in Iksookimia longicorpa, micro-anatomical investigation was performed on the epidermis and on intestinal tract fragments. The epidermis was distinguished by two types of skin glands, a small mucous cell and a large club cell. The mucous cell was acid sulfomucins (some sialomucins), but the club cell did not give any histochemical tests for mucosubstances. The presence of a well defined lymphatic system with small lymphocytes was established in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis. A large number of blood capillaries run very close to each other just below the basement membrane. The straight intestinal tract is divided into an intestine and rectum, which consisted of a mucosa (epithelial layer), lamina propria-submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The intestine and rectum have shorter mucosal folds and a thinner wall. The majority of the epithelial mucous cells contain acid sulfomucines. Based on the above results, I. longicorpa adapts to poor dissolved oxygen conditions by using an additional respiratory system using air through the epidermis, not the intestines.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.315-318
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• 2000

Structure of the skin in amphibious fish, Periophthalmus modestus, was described in relation to cutaneous respiration. The epidermis has no gland cell. The epidermis consists of three regions: outermost layer of one to five layers of flattened epithelial cells, middle layer of swollen epithelial cells instead of glandular cells and stratum germinativum of cuboidal cells. There are numerous blood capillaries in the outermost layer of the epidermis and diffusion distance between the blood of capillaries and the epidermis is about 1.4 Um. The middle layer of the epidermis appears to be a web-like structure due to the swollen epithelial cells. The stratum germinativum has a well-developed lymphatic space containing lymphocytes. There are numerous blood capillaries and elliptical area with acid mucopolysaccharides in stratum laxum of the dermis. The skin of Periophthalmus modestus may be an accessory respiratory organ for oxygen uptake during terrestrial or aquatic life.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 1998

The author has undertaken this study for demonstrating the relationship between keratinization and proliferation as well as remodeling of epidermis. Healthy ICR strain male mice, weighing about $20\sim25gm$, were used as experimental animals. Under the general anesthesia with ether the skins of experimental animals were subjected to a dorsal, transverse, full-thickness incision with 0.5cm in length, and removed them on 3rd day, 7th day and 2nd week after operation Specimens were prepared for electron microscopic study. The results obtained were as follows: The epidermis of 3rd day group is made up of $7\sim8$ keratinocytes. The new epidermal cells are grown beneath the necrotic tissue. Keratohyaline granules (KHGs) are visible in some granular cells. Various sited-KHGs are seen in granular layer cell, and in spinous cell ribosomes, tonofilaments and lamellar granules are seen. The epidermis of 7th day group is made up of $7\sim8$ keratinocytes. Numerous KHGs are seen in granular layer cells. KHGs are located in granular layer cells as well as spinous layer cells. The epidermis of End week group is composed of one-layered basal cell and $1\sim2$ layered superficial cells. Various sized-KHGs are observed in granular layer cells. The results of the present study suggest that as the epidermis should be keratinized during proliferation and remodeling process, so keratinization of the epidermis would play a major role of wound healing process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.46-49
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• 2008

This research does Complexity form, Interior epidermis cell re-organization, Object discovery that have correct numerical value concept by purpose. Research applied by Grid re-organization in form generation, Parameter variation of cell unit (morphor, tweener), Symbol, pattern of variation, self-organization cell substitution order. Representation through 3d digital modeler of polygon, Nurbs and street-sheet program(x,y,z coordinates & Network way of points) etc. of main work. Investigator specified numbers of U profiles*30, V point-20 that is 600 Paramaters individual in volume, and define circle radius of lighting in object, Projection size variously and tried difference. Transposition cell to point and Heightened brightness of color using pointillism of painting. Led lighting cell object is expressed being decoded by digital code.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of keratinase on epidermis of rat skin. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dolly rats were used. The hair on the back were removed and $2{\times}2cm$ area was marked. The rats were divided five groups; 1) Control group(Co), 2) Cleansing gel group(Cl), 3) Cleansing gel+keratinase group, 4) Exfoliant gel group(Ex), and 5) Exfoliant gel+ keratinase group(Ex+K). The solutions were applied to the back area twice a day for five days. On fifth day, the skins were harvested, fixed and prepared for histologic sections. The thickness of keratin layer, living epidermis, dermis, and cell layer number of living epidermis were measured. In the group containing keratinase(Cl+K, Ex+K), the thickness of keratin layer and living layer were thinner than other groups. However, there were no significant differences of the cell layer number of living epidermis and thickness of the dermis among the five groups. We think the keratinase may have the effect thinning the keratin layer as well as the thickness of living epidermis, without effecting the living cell and dermal component. The keratinase containing soap may be of benefit to remove the excess keratin layers in human.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

The structure of skin was studied in Iksookimia longicorpus based on the micro-anatomical investigation of skin fragments taken from four regions. The epidermis was distinguished by two types of skin glands, a small mucous cell and a large club cell. The mucous cell was acid sulfomucins (some sialomueins) but the club cell did not give any histochemical tests for mucosubstances. The presence of a well defined lymphatic system with small lymphocytes was established in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis. A large number of blood capillaries run very close to each other just below the basement membrane, and a definite area giving AB and PAS positive was present between the basement membrane and scale.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 1989

The species of the slug used in this experiment is the Korean terrestrial slug (Incilaria fruhstorferi), which is examined for the cytochemical and ultrastructural research on the mucous granule-producing cells and the epithelial cells. I. Epidermal tissue According to the part of the epidermal tissue of this slug, the epidermal tissue is divided into the mantle, the foot and the dorsal epidermis. These epidennal tissue are composed of the irregular simple columnar epithelium, which are formed into the sensory epithelial cells, the supporting epithelial cells, the mucous granule-producing cells, and the clear epithelial cells are similar to the sensory epithelial cells. Both the sensory epithelial cells and the supporting epithelial cells are observed between the mantle and the foot epidermis, but the clear epithelial cells are only seen in the dorsal epidermis. II. Mucous granule-producing cell The acid mucous granule-producing cells and the neutral mucous granule producing cells are observed between the irregular simple columnar epithelium of the mantle, the foot and the dorsal epidermis. According to the part of the epidermal tissue, the number of these mucous granule-producing epithelial cells are differently distributed between the epidermis respectively.