• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological properties of salmonellosis of poultry farms in Kyongbuk province during the relied from November 1998 to November 1999 And antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical characteristics of 120 Salmonella cultures isolated from chicken samples were also investigated. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows, 1. Among 667,200 chickens of 31 flocks in 17 layer farms and 9 broiler farms, 61,350 chickens of 31 flocks were died with salmonellosis. The death rate of 25 farms varied from 0.1% to 75.0%, and the average death rate was 9.2%. 2. According to etiological agents, fowl typhoid was shown the most predominant outbreak among the salmonellosis during a year, which accounted for 8R.0%(22/25) of the total case 3. The serotypes of 120 Salmonella isolates were identified as 7 strains(5.8%) of S pullorum, 10 strains(8.4%) of S typhimurium and 103 strains(85.8%) of S gallinarum. 4. Most outbreak of fowl typhoid were prevalent on the layer chicken farms(77.1%), and the summer season(45.5%) also appeared the most hazardous season during the year. 5. It seemed that the Hyline breed(70.6%) was the most susceptible among the layer chicken breeds, and followed by Isabrown(23.5%), Tetra(5.9%) in order. 6. In layers, 76.4% of fowl typhoid occurred commonly from 14 to 40 weeks including the early laying peroid, but in broiler farms, all cases was outbreak within first second weeks. 7 All the strains of S pullorum were resistant to lincomycin(Lm), penicillin(Pm), and steptomycin(Sm), but sensitive to amikacin(Ak), ampicillin(Am), cephalothin(Ce), ciprofloxacin (CiP), chloramphenicol(Cm), colistin(Co), enrofloxacin(Enr), furazolidone(Fu), gentamicin(Gm), kanamycin(Km), neomycin(Nm), polymyxin(Po), and teracycline(Tc). All the strains of S typhimurium were resistant to Lm(100%), Pm(100%), Po(90%), and Sm(90%), but were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, CiP, Cm, Co, Enr, Fu, Gm, Km, Nm, and Tc. 8. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 103 strains of S gallinarum were also evaluated and their patterns were much more variable than others. All the strains of S gallinarum were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, Cip, Cm, Enr, Fu, Km, and Nm, but resistant to Lm(100%), and Sm(100%), 99(96.1%) to Co, 83(80.6%) to Pm, and 83(80.6%) to Po, 55(53.4%) to Gm, and 33(32.0%) to Tc. 9. The multiple drug resistance patterns of 120 Salmonella strains were CoLmPmPo Sm pattern(34.2%), CoGmLmPmPoSmTc(20.8%), CoGmLmPmPoSm(13.3%), CoGmLmSm(7.5%), LmPmSm(7.5%), LmPm(6.7%), CoLmSmTc(3.3%),, CoGmLmSmTc(1.7%), GmLmSmTc(1.7%), CoGmLmPoSm(0.1%), LmPmPo(0.1%), CoLm Sm(0.1%), and LmSm(0.1%), in order.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3731-3740
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• 2012

Background: There have been few studies of Asian ovarian cancer and benign tumors. The primary aim of this paper was to report the protocol of the Ko-EVE study to examine epidemiological and molecular factors for ovarian cancer and benign neoplasms and to ascertain the major risk factors for ovarian cancer control in Korea. Methods: This case-control study covers incident epithelial ovarian cancers and benign neoplasms, four major centers participating in enrolling incident cases and 3 hospitals enrolling healthy controls among health examinees. Standardized questionnaires were administered by trained interviewers, including sections on socio-demographics characteristics, past medical history, medication usage, family history, lifetime consumption of alcohol and tobacco, diet, physical activity, and reproductive factors for women. Various biological specimens were collected in the biorepository according to the standardized protocol. Annual follow-up for cancer cases and follow-up at the 1st year for benign tumor cases are performing to evaluate treatment effect and progression. Passive follow to see long-term survival will be conducting using record linkage with national data. Results: The total number recruited in 2010-2011 was 246 epithelial ovarian cancer cases, 362 benign epithelial tumors and 345 controls. We are planning to collect subjects for at least 1,500 sets of ovarian cancer, 2,000 benign tumors and 1,500 controls till 2018. Conclusions: The Ko-EVE will provide unique and important data to probe the etiology and natural history of Korean epithelial ovarian cancer. It will be continued by genomic and proteomic epidemiological analyses and future intervention studies for the prevention of ovarian cancer among Koreans.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2000

농촌지역 60세 이상 노인 922명을 대상으로 CES-D(Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scales)를 이용하여 우울증의 유병률을 구하고 우울증과 관련이 있는 요인을 조사하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 60세이상 노인의 우울증 유병률은 남자 14.6%, 여자 24.4%로 전체적으로 20.5%로 나타났다. 2. 연령이 증가함에 따라 우울증 유병률은 증가하였으며 무학군과 배우자가 없는 군에서 우울증 유병률이 높았다. 3. 생활습관별로는 과거 및 현재 음주 또는 흡연군과 수면시간이 짧은 군, 신체적 운동을 안하는 군에서 우울증 유병률이 높았다. 4. 만성질환을 가진군과 자신의 건강상태가 나쁘다고 응답한 군, 마른 체형에서 우울증 유병률이 높았다. 5. 우울에 영향을 미치는 변수를 알아보기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행한 결과 성별, 교육정도, 신체적 운동, 건강인지도, 현재의 체형에 대한 인식이 유의한 요인으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 노인들의 우울에 영향을 주는 요인이 인구사회학적, 신체적 요인임을 알 수 있어 향후 노인정신건강과 복지대책을 수립할 때 이러한 요인이 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2008

황색포도상구균은 주요한 기회 감염균으로, 최근 여러 가지 항생제에 내성을 지닌 메치실린 내성 황색포도상구균 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: MRSA)이 늘어나 문제가 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인천지역관내 설사환자에서 분리한 장독소 양성인 S. aureus를 대상으로 항생제 감수성시험 및 PCR을 이용한 tsst, eta, etb mecA 유전자 검사를 실시하여 생물학적인 특성을 조사하였고, tsst 양성인 MRSA를 대상으로 Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)에 의한 유전자형을 분석함으로서 경시적인 분자역학적 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 그 결과 2,281건의 대변에서 173주의 장독소 양성인 S. aureus를 분리하였으며 A독소와 C독소가 각각 39%, 58%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 항생제 감수성 결과 장독소 양성주는 모두 MRSA였으며, 이중 51%가 tsst 양성인 것으로 나타났고 eta, etb 유전자는 검출되지 않았다. mecA 내성유전자는 MRSA 균주의 97%가 양성으로 나타났다. tsst 양성인 MRSA 88주를 대상으로 PFGE한 결과, 10개의 유형으로 나뉘었으며 그중 A형, H형 및 F형 이 각각 58%, 10%, 9%로 주요한 형으로 나타났다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.319-334
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• 1995

To investigate the risk factors of low back pain, an epidemiological study was carried out among male workers aged 20-55 employed in an automobile industry in Korea during the time period from February 1993 to October 1995. Workers participated to this study were divided into low back pain group(LBP) and control group, according to the self-reports by written questionnaires. General characteristics, medical history, work related factors, fatigue, and MMPI were compared between two groups. To clarify the relationship between job related low back pain and radiologic features of lumbar spine, radiographic study was carried out. The resultant data were processed for $x^2-test$, t-test, and stepwise logistic regression to confirm the adjusted odds ratios. The results were as follows: 1. History of back disease, lifting and carrying work, excessive physical fatigue, and weakend back strength of individual workers were directly associated with low back pain. Odd ratios of these 4 risk factors of low back pain were 5.07, 3.34, 1.49, and 1.22 respectively. 2. The frequency of low back pain history was significantly higher in LBP group. 3. Back muscle strength of lumbar spine of LBP group were significantly lower than control group. 4. The workers in LBP group revealed high fatigue symptoms. 5. In MMPI test LBP group showed higher scales in hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and hypomania. 6. LBP group were more frequently involved in lifting and carrying, working in awkward position, bending, twisting and using lower extremities. 7. LBP group were exposed more to vibration during working. 8. In the Analysis of radiographs of lumbar spine, Jacob's line not crossing fourth lumhar disc space, transitional vertebrae and lumbar displacement more than 4.4mm in standing lateral view were more frequently observed in LBP group than control group. Through these results, it is concluded that identification of previous history of back problem, change of work or working environment for workers with previous back problem and measures to relieve both physical and psychological fatigue of the workers are required for optimal management of work-related back problems among workers. In the present study, several results were different from the previous reports: Jacob's line not corssing fourth lumbar disc space, lumbarization, and vertebral slipping (spondylolisthesis) more than 4.4mm are related to backache. Meticulous studies are required to elucidate the difference.

• 대한간학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2018

Backgrounds/Aims: The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological, laboratory, and serological characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and normal transaminases. The study also aimed to evaluate liver damage by measuring the liver fibrosis (LF) grade and to identify possible factors associated with the presence of fibrosis. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with chronic HBV infection and classified as inactive carriers or immune-tolerant. Epidemiological variables of age, sex, immigrant, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), as well as virological variables (HBV DNA) and transaminase level were collected throughout the follow-up. The LF grade was evaluated by transient elastography. The cutoff value for significant fibrosis (SF) was liver stiffness ${\geq}7.9kPa$. Results: A total of 214 patients were included in the analysis, and 62% of them had a BMI ${\geq}25kg/m^2$. During follow-up, 4% of patients showed transaminase elevation (<1.5 times normal). Most patients had a viral DNA level <2,000 IU/mL (83%). Data on LF were available in 160 patients; of these, 14% had SF, 9% F3, and 6% F4. The variables associated with the presence of SF were transaminase alteration during follow-up, as 23% of patients with SF had elevated transaminases versus 3% of patients without SF (P<0.005), and BMI, as the vast majority of patients with SF (88%) had a BMI ${\geq}25kg/m^2$ versus 56% of patients without SF (P<0.05). Conclusions: In patients with chronic HBV infection and normal transaminases, liver damage does not seem to be related to DNA levels, alcohol consumption, or immigrant status. SF seems to be associated with transaminase alteration during follow-up and elevated BMI. It is therefore recommended to measure LF grade with validated non-invasive methods in such patients.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2021

전 세계적으로 fluoroquinolone (FQ) 내성 그람음성균이 출현하고 있는 가운데, 최근 우리나라에서 FQ 내성 E. coli의 증가 추세는 심각한 우려를 낳고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2018년 6월부터 12월까지 대전지역의 3차 병원에서 분리된 ciprofloxacin 내성 E. coli 56균주를 대상으로, 역학관계와 FQ 내성 결정인자의 양상을 조사하였다. 역학관계를 확인하기 위해 multilocus sequence typing (MLST)을 실시하였다. PCR과 염기서열 분석은 gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE 유전자의 QRDR에서 염색체상의 돌연변이와 aac(6)-Ib-cr, qepA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD 및 qnrS와 같은 PMQR 유전자의 빈도를 확인하였다. MLST 분석 결과, 12개의 ST를 확인하였으며, 이 중 가장 우세한 ST는 ST131 (31/56, 55.4%)이었고, 순차적으로 ST1193 (13/56, 23.2%), ST405 (3/56, 5.4%)의 결과를 보였다. ciprofloxacin 내성 E. coli 56균주 중 gyrA 유전자에서 83번째 아미노산인 serine (S)이 leucine (L)으로, 87번째 아미노산인 aspartic acid (D)가 asparagine (N)으로 치환되고, parC 유전자에서 80번째 아미노산인 serine (S)이 isoleucine (I)으로, 84번째 아미노산인 glutamic acid (E)가 valine (V)으로 치환된 결과(29/56, 51.8%)가 가장 빈번하게 확인되었고, aac(6)-Ib-cr (19/56, 33.9%)은 가장 흔한 PMQR 유전자로 확인되었다. 이러한 FQ 내성 결정인자의 결과는 다른 클론과 비교하여 ST131에서 더 빈번하게 확인되었다. ciprofloxacin 내성 E. coli 균주에 대한 역학적 특성의 지속적인 모니터링과 FQ 내성 결정인자에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2020

목적: 제주 지역에서 2017-2018 절기와 2018-2019 절기에 소아 연령에서 인플루엔자의 역학에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 이에 더하여 국내 인플루엔자 표본감시체계와 비교하여 그 대표성을 확인해보고자 하였다. 방법: 2017-2018, 2018-2019 각각의 절기에 제주대학교 병원에 방문하여 인플루엔자 검사를 시행 받은 13세 미만의 소아를 대상으로 하였다. 의무기록을 통하여 대상 환자들의 인구학적 자료, 인플루엔자 검사 결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 총 5,219명의 인플루엔자 의사환자가 연구 대상자로 포함되었다. 전체적으로 연구 대상자의 평균 나이는 2.85±2.79세 였고, 두 절기 모두 인플루엔자 의사환자는 1세 연령 그룹이 가장 많았다. 인플루엔자 감염이 확인된 소아는 총 902 (17.3%) 명이었다. 2017-2018 절기에는인플루엔자 A형의양성률은 10.4% (236/2,279), 인플루엔자 B형의양성률은 9.1% (208/2,279) 이었다. 2018-2019 절기에는 인플루엔자 A형의 양성률은 10.3% (303/2,940), 인플루엔자 B형의 양성률은 5.3% (155/2,940) 이었다. 인플루엔자 환자의 평균 연령은 2017-2018 절기에는 4.09세, 2018-2019 절기에는 5.05세로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (P<0.05). 인플루엔자의 주별 분포는 국내 임상감시시스템의 인플루엔자 의사환자와 유사한 형태로 나타났다.결론: 제주 지역에서 2017-2018 절기와 2018-2019 절기 사이에 인플루엔자 유행 양상과 연령 분포의 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다.국내 다른 지역과의 역학적 특성과 비교하여 제주 지역 고유의 인플루엔자 역학에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2022

Carbapenemase 생성 장내 세균(carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, CPE) 중 특히 KPC-2 생성 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 출현과 확산은 전 세계적으로 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 심각한 공중 보건 위협이 되고 있다. 이러한 KPC-2 생성 K. pneumoniae의 역학과 특징은 지역 및 기간에 따라 다르기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 2017년 3월부터 2020년 12월까지 대전지역의 3차 병원에서 분리된 carbapenem 내성 K. pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, CRKP) 78 균주를 대상으로 carbapenemase 유전자를 분석하고, 이에 대한 역학 관계를 조사하였다. 항균제 감수성 양상은 디스크 확산법으로 확인하였고, carbapenemase 유전자의 분석을 위해 PCR과 DNA 염기서열분석을 수행하였다. 또한, 역학관계는 MLST (multilocus sequence typing)를 통해 조사하였다. 78 균주의 CRKP 중 35 균주(44.9%)가 carbapenemase 생성 K. pneumoniae였으며, 주요 carbapenemase 유형은 KPC-2 (30주, 85.7%)로 확인되었다. NDM-1과 NDM-5는 각각 4 균주(11.4%)와 1 균주(2.9%)에서 확인되었다. MLST 분석에서 10개의 sequence type (ST)이 확인되었고, 가장 흔한 ST는 ST307 (51.4%, 18/35)이었다. ST307 균주는 모두 KPC-2 생성 K. pneumonia였고, 다제내성으로 확인되었다. 또한, ST307은 4년 동안 지속적으로 출현하였다. 이러한 결과는 KPC-2 생성 K. pneumoniae ST307의 확산을 방지하기 위해 지속적인 모니터링과 적절한 감염 관리가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2017

Purpose: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis (RE) has increased recently in Korea. Little is known concerning the prevalence and characteristics of RE in pediatric patients. This study investigated the prevalence and influence of risk factors in endoscopically proven RE in Korea in pediatric patients over a period of 14 years. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients between the ages of 1 month and 20 years who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at Samsung Medical Center between 2001 and 2014 was carried out. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for RE. Results: The prevalence rate of endoscopically proven RE in this study was 28.7% (978/3,413). The prevalence of RE increased from 11.8% from 2001 to 2007 to 37.7% from 2008 to 2014. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that residency in the Greater Gangnam area (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.44) and age (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11-1.15) were significant predictive factors for the presence of RE. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of endoscopically proven pediatric RE has increased over the past 14 years. Residency and older age are more important independent risk factors for pediatric RE in Korea.