• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2021

Logistics movement using ships has been used for many centuries, but maritime accidents are still difficult to predict and they occur on a large scale. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) made it mandatory to install Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) for safe seas, but S-57 standards applied to equipment were not updated over 30 years. In addition, it is difficult to keep the equipment up-to-date and revise standards as ships move around the world. In consideration of the limitations of S-57, the IHO developed the new standard as S-100 rather than an update of the S-57. In this study, the previously developed S-100 tool and S/W were configured as one platform and applied to the S-100 ECDIS. The platform conducts as the S-100 cycle and ecosystem from the creation of standards to release and practical use in ships. The hydrographic information standard is machine-readable as defined in S-100, and it has been validated that the latest standard can be applied using the Plug and Play (PnP) function without software system updates. It is expected that international organization such as the International Hydrographic Office (IHO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) shall develop and release standards and mariners can easily apply the latest standards to equipment through the machine-readable platform.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to review the ISO(the International Organization for Standardization) standards recommendations on a human error tolerant control room design. Background: ISO TC(Technical Committee) 159 published a variety of international standards on design of mental and physical work, design of displays and controls, and workstation layout design. A proper edition of these standards can be a good resource for a human error tolerant control center design guidelines. Method: Recommendations of ISO TC 159 standards were grouped into arrangement of control suite, layout of control room, layout and dimensions of workstations, design of displays and controls, environmental design, alarm, automation, management system design, procedure and training. Results: It was found that some standards on the design of supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA), alarm, automation, layout, workload management, and environment can be used for human error prevention guidelines in the control center design. Conclusion: ISO TC 159 standards were not sufficient to cover all the ergonomics area of control center design. Application: Designers can have technical aids from these ISO standards to improve ergonomic performance of their control center.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.413-427
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• 2006

It is necessary to study and develop guidelines for providing comfort and health indoor air quality for office workers since air-tight envelope system of current office building may cause poor indoor air quality. The purpose of this study is to propose guideline for volatile organic compounds in office base on the field study, human health risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. The field study was conducted to survey the concentrations of volatile organic compounds in indoor air of 69 offices from June to September, 2005 in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The rate of excess to guideline of volatile organic compounds in indoor air of new apartment on the Ministry of Environment in Korea(MOE) was surveyed 37.6% for benzene, 6.8% for toluene, and 1.5% for ethylbenzene. As the result of human health risk assessment, mean cancer risk did not exceed 10-6 which is guideline of US.EPA. Also, total hazard index did not exceed 1 which is guideline of US.EPA. Through the cost-benefit analysis of angle on the social-economics to verify the necessary to establish the standards of volatile organic compounds for improvement and development of indoor air quality in office, the present value of benefit was higher than the present value of cost. With the above considerations in mind, it is suggested that the field study for indoor air quality in offices should be expanded and human health risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis be performed th offer scientific data for decision-making of policy for improvement and management of indoor air quality in office.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

In this paper the new revision of Korean Airworthiness Standards (KAS) - Emissions was proposed for enforced environmental standards. The Aircraft Engine Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emissions Requirements have been only defined for smoke, HC, CO and NOx as management items in previous KAS. However, this standard has not covered the current situation that International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enforced environmental regulations, such as emissions trading system, limitation of CO₂ emissions and restriction of exhaust gas. In order to overcome these outdated situations, we presented the new requirements for aircraft exhaust gas emissions standard of Korea based on the latest standards of United States, Europe and other countries.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.295-300
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• 2003

In Korea, the emission standards for air pollutants will be more tighten from Jan. 2005. Especially, the new emission standards is focused on the nitrogen oxide. From this trend of standards, nitrogen oxide emission is hot issue in energy fields. Also, we have a new environmental problem, the carbon dioxide emission, which are related to the global warming. To solve the environmental problems, we must define the situation of clean-up technologies level in Korea and decide the direction of R&D for flue gas cleaning technologies. Now, this paper discus briefly on the De-NOx R&D activities and the large scale testing facility for flue gas clean-up technologies in Korea Institute of Energy Research. These discussions are contribute to the increasing of the R&D activities for flue gas clean-up technologies in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.859-865
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• 1998

The analysis of groundwater quality in Kyungnam Province was conducted using monitoring results obtained during 1994. According to the analysis, most heavy metals and pesticides listed in Korean drinking water standards were not detected in Kyungnam Province groundwater, but arsonic and volatile organics such as TCE and PCE were detected. Four inorganic contaminants were detected and frequency of violating the standards was in order of $NO_3-N, F^-, As, NH_3-N$. Of organics, TCE and PCE were the only contaminants detected. TCE more frequently violated the standards than PCE. Correlation was investigated among contaminants detected in Kyungnam Province groundwater. The correlation results showed that high correlation existed among dissolved solids, hardness, and $SO_4^{2-}$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.561-572
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• 2009

Nowadays, Eurocodes have become the reference standards for silo design within the European Union. They include new procedures for load assessment and structural verifications aiming to design safer silos. However, many silo manufacturers are still reluctant to use them (or at least all their prescriptions) because of the loss of competitiveness they are experiencing in comparison with former standards. This paper shows how steel cost of flat-bottomed circular silos varies when different silo geometries and stored materials are considered. The influence of critical structural verifications on steel costs, such as buckling of the silo wall, were also analyzed and some conclusions and practical recommendations for silo designers were proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09b
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• pp.186-191
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• 2010

Recently, it has been reported that number of earthquakes was rapidly increased in the Korean Peninsula. According to the interest of seismic analysis, most of construction design must ensure the stability of structure against risks due to earthquake. Therefore, the ground reinforcement and application of seismic standards is necessary and the new structures must secure a stability about Earthquake under the Korea Seismic Analysis Standards. In this study, the 2D numerical analysis was performed to confirm a seismic stability and analysed that behavior of ground and dykes. The numerical seismic response analyses for dykes and its foundation soil were conducted with considering earthquake modes of short-period and long-period, and artificial seismic wave.

• Architectural research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2001

This study aims to find out sector effects with the appraisal of building energy systems of urban ecosystem considering cost effects and environmental constraints condition such as climatic change factors including $CO_2$ gas which are not dealt in the institutional boundary as components standards and performance standards on energy performance of each part of a building applied on heavy energy spending buildings at present. The results of the appraisal of building energy systems shows that the existing building energy systems are not enough to fulfil the environmental condition under the environmental constraints supposing QELROs(Quantified Emission Limitation and Reduction Objectives) of carbon-dioxide exhaust. Henceforth, it is needed to fulfill the environmental criteria required by the Climatic Change Agreement for improving the adiabatic performance of each part of a building and active using of the solar energy.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.115-149
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• 1991

In evaluating current environmental protection policy, economists often note that current regulations are more costly than necessary to meet environmental quality standards. While the a priori case can be made that current regulatory approaches entail higher-than-necessary costs to attain environmental standards, there is relatively little empirical evidence to support this claim in Korea. The purpose of this analysis is to supply some of the missing evidence by presenting the results of one study that assesses some of the potential savings associated with implementing economic, rather than command-and-control regulatory approaches to abate one type of air pollution in one region, in Korea, Specifically, the analysis examine the costs of meeting a long-term standard for TSP under the alternative control strategies for stationary sources of TSP in Ulsan Industrial Complex region. The alternative strategies that are considered are current command-and-control and various marketable permit designs. The analysis shows that the most efficient policy of emissions control is economic approaches, supporting results of previous empirical studies conducted in other countries.