• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.331-343
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• 2017

본 연구는 수질관리 측면에서 주요한 여건 변화 즉 환경오염시설의 통합관리의 도입 시행에 유의하여 수질분야 환경영향평가 개선방안을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 환경영향평가시 적용되는 배출허용기준, 방류수수질기준, 수질오염총량관리, 수질보전을 위한 토지이용규제를 고찰하였다. 그리고 환경오염시설의 통합관리에 따라 도입된 최대배출기준, 허가배출기준, 한계배출기준 등을 고찰한 후, 최적가용기법과 미국의 최적가용기법 및 관련 제어기술과 비교하며, 수질분야 환경영향평가와 환경오염시설의 통합관리를 비교하였다. 수질분야 환경영향평가 개선방안으로 첫째 영향예측과 평가에 배출영향분석기법과 허가배출기준설정의 반영, 둘째 협의기준에 허가배출기준의 반영으로 강화된 농도규제와 대상 수질항목이 확대된 수질오염 총량관리의 구현, 셋째 저감방안에 통합관리사업장의 배출원 성격과 수질오염물질 특성에 따른 최적가용기법의 다양한 운영, 넷째 저감방안에 영양염류제어를 위한 질산염취약지구와 같은 토지이용규제의 도입, 다섯째 환경영향평가서 수질분야 항목과 토지이용분야 항목간의 연계성 강화 등을 제시하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2020

Objectives: The aims of this study were to review the standards and key components of the standards for disposable masks in Korea, the US, EU, Japan, and China and to evaluate the appropriateness of disposable masks during a virus pandemic. Methods: We reviewed the standards in the above countries and compared their key elements for each standard. For the second purpose, systemic paper gathering using key words like 'mask', 'respirator' 'virus', and 'coronavirus' in the PubMed search engine was performed. Fifty-three papers were selected and reviewed in regard to the appropriateness of test protocols with sodium chloride(NaCl) particles for virus filtration and the effectiveness against viruses. Results: The standards for masks are largely divided into two categories: US standards and EU standards. In Korea, the Ministry of Employment and Labor adapted the EU standards for workers and the Health Masks adopted the Ministry of Employment and Labor standards by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Regarding airborne viral infections, WHO emphasizes only droplet infection, while many studies have shown that small particles enter the air through coughing or sneezing, which increases the possibility of airborne infection. Compared to other particles, various factors such as airborne viability and the ability to replicate the virus in the body are further involved in the virus's airborne infection rate. Airborne infection is classified into absolute air infection, preferential air infection, and opportunistic air infection. The NaCl-certified N95 mask showed good filtration efficiency against viruses and NaCl particles were proved to be a surrogate material for viruses. From this, KF94 is also expected to be effective in blocking viruses. Conclusion: The N95 test method could be used as a surrogate test method for virus filtration. N95-class masks have been found to effectively block viral infections in the air. However, surgical or medical masks are only partially effective against airborne virus infection though they could effectively block large droplet infection. However, most studies considered in this study targeted N95 in foreign countries and studies on masks actually used in Korea are very limited, so studies on microorganisms and reuse on domestic masks should be conducted in the future.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-80
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• 2010

Poultry welfare has recently appeared as worldwide concern as well as Korea. The recent action plan for farm animal welfare introduced by the European Commission intends to expand the body of regulatory standards. In this context, many countries and/or organization are on the verge of establishing the most optimum poultry welfare standards. To establish the most optimum standards, comparative analysis of feeding regimen before and after welfare-bestowed environment need to be preceded. Most guidelines or standards for poultry welfare do not suggest the nutritional requirements and feeding system in detail, although it is deterimental especially for the farmer. This review intends to find scientific base to establish detailed welfare feeding guidelines. However, only limited research has been conducted in the view of actual poultry welfare. The results indicated the incidence of SDS, ascites, skeletal dysfunctions caused by fast growth rate in broiler, feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hen, and feed restriction in broiler breeder could be reduced by changing nutritional regimen and feeding strategies or both. The regimen and feeding strategies are certainly near to the direction that the poultry welfare ought to be in the right track. In this article, feeding and drinking guidelines in many standards as well as welfare feeding experiments have been reviewed and compared In the view of chicken productivity, welfare physiology and poultry health.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.533-543
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• 2017

As the public interest in environmental issues increased, the "Act On The Integrated Control Of Pollutant-Discharging Facility" was enacted. Through the integrated environmental pollution prevention act in which 19 industries with large environmental impacts are sequentially applied, pollutants can be managed in a medium-integrated manner and integrated permission of the business unit is possible and BAT can be applied to enable a scientific and proactive environmental management system. In order to facilitate the implementation of integrated environmental pollution prevention act with these advantages, the BAT BREF should be published, modified and revised every 5 years considering the level of scientific development. This study reviewed the issues to be considered in applying BAT and the types of BAT and focused on presenting improvements and development direction when revising and supplementing the standards in the future based on these contents. For this purpose, when revising the standards, it will be necessary to reflect on the domestic situation, to expand the TWG(Technical Working Group) of small-scale workplace experts, and to exchange opinions with business places that have similar processes for each waste type through a systematic total inspection. In addition to these methods, by establishing a resident participation system through information disclosure, it is expected to be used as a guideline for environmental management of business places not subject to integrated permission of less than 3 types as well as those subject to integrated permission.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2004

This paper asks the question: what choice of environmental policy instruments is efficient to reduce sulfur dioxide from stationary sources\ulcorner: In Korea, command and control has been a common way of controlling $SO_2-emissions.$ When compared to the non-incentive environmental policy instrument such as command and control, economic incentive environmental policy instrument has been the advantage of making polluter himself flexibly deals with in marginal abatement cost to develop environmental technology in the long view. Therefore, the application possibility of the incentive environmental policy instrument was studied in this research to realize the countermeasure for controlling of $SO_2-emissions.$ As a result, enforcement of the countermeasure such as flue gas desulfurizer by command and control would be suitable because power generation is performed by the public or for the public in source of air pollution and thus, economic principle is not applied to the polluter. In the source of industrial pollution, enforcement of fuel tax is found to be suitable for the countermeasure for the use of low sulfur oil in terms of the flexibility of demand for the price in the long tenn. For the permissible air pollution standards applicable to all air pollutant emitting facilities, enforcement of incentive environmental policy such as bubble, off-set, banking policy or tradeable emission penn its would be ideal in long terms according to the regional characteristics and the number and scale of air pollutant emitting facilities.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제34권
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• pp.30.1-30.13
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• 2022

Background: Although working hours have decreased in Korea, they are still high compared to that of other countries. In Korea, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) related to overwork in Korea continually occur, and the social burden from overwork is estimated to be high. This study investigated the amendment of regulations affecting the approval rate of occupational CCVDs. Methods: The change in approval rate of occupational CCVDs and related regulations were investigated using the Act and public notice on the standards for recognition of occupational CCVDs and the yearbooks of the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The CCVD mortality was estimated using data on the number of deaths according to the cause of death, the number of employed people, and resident registration population aged 15-64 years. The cumulative mortality of CCVDs was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Since the establishment of the standards for recognition in Korea in 1982, the scope of occupational diseases has been expanded to include intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, and aortic dissection. In 2013, the concept of working hours was introduced in chronic overwork. The approval rate of occupational CCVDs was 44.7% in 2006, which decreased to 12.9% in 2011. After the improvement of related regulations, the approval rate increased to 41.3% in 2018. From 2000 to 2017, the CCVD mortality of both the unemployed and employed tended to decrease, and their cumulative CCVD mortalities were 549.3 and 319.7 per 100,000 people, respectively. Conclusions: CCVDs are recognized as occupational diseases in Korea. The amendments to the standards for recognition, the introduction of the Occupational Disease Adjudication Committee, the principle of presumption, and the reduction of working hours have changed the approval rate of occupational CCVDs. A strategic approach is needed to further reduce the incidence of CCVDs.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2001년도 The IMAPS-Korea Workshop 2001 Emerging Technology on packaging
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• pp.63-92
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• 2001

·EC's/Japanese environmental regulation drive the Pb-free/Halogen-free application ·Most Japanese electronics companies are preparing the green products. ·All items concerning to Pb-free/halogen-free technology should be coparallely designed and developed. ·More works need to clear the unknowns on Pb-free materials ·Need of consensus on materials and standards ·EBM (Environmental Benign Manufacturing)

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2006년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

This paper is to introduce guidelines for integrated systems auditing. International standards such as ISO 19011, ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 are considered. This study is to discuss guidelines for quality and environmental management systems auditing and requirement with guidance for use.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2001년도 3rd Korea-Japan Advanced Semiconductor Packaging Technology Seminar
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• pp.21-50
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• 2001

EC's/Japanese environmental regulation drive the Pb-free/Halogen-free application. Most Japanese electronics companies are preparing the green products. All items concerning to Pb-free/Halogen-ree technology should be coparallely designed and developed. More works need to clear the unknowns on Pb-free materials. Need of consensus on materials and standards. EBM (Environmental Benign Manufacturing)

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.559-574
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• 2016

Based on air quality monitoring data ('10~'14) of Suwon City provided by the Korean Department of Environment, a fundamental statistic for 5 criteria pollutants such as $SO_2$, CO, $NO_2$, $O_3$, and $PM_{10}$ was initially investigated. The purpose of this paper was to review the ambient air quality standards(AAQS) of Korea, the U.S.A. and the EU and further to assess the degree of standard strength by the achievability of the AAQS comparing each national standard. Since the level and the way of standards for each air pollutant are various among countries, it is difficult to determine the degree of relative attainment using the same set of data above. Further when all the areas having bad air quality for a specific pollutant are classified as non-attainment case, it is more difficult to assess the degree of standard strength. Thus we introduced a new concept called the average concentration distance (ACD) to quantitatively estimate the strength. As results, the Korean 1-hr $NO_2$ AAQS is slightly stronger than the US standard and weaker than the EU standard. The Korean $O_3$ standard is strongest; however, the Korean $PM_{10}$ standard is weakest. Furthermore the equivalent levels of 8-hr $O_3$ standards in the U.S.A. and the EU were respectively estimated as 97.5 and 95.7 percentiles of the Korean standard with maintaining the existing standard of 60 ppb.