• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2016

There has been growing social interest recently in the movement rights of people with reduced mobility. However, it simply eliminates the temporary inconvenience of walking of people with reduced mobility because it focuses only on supply of institutional facilities. Therefore, we look forward to improving movement welfare by proposing an optimized path finding algorithm for people with reduced mobility that takes into consideration physical elements affecting their movement, such as slope, steps etc. We selected Walking barrier factor by analyzing previous studies and calculated the relative importance of Walking barrier factors using an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Next, through the fuzzy system, the Walking disturbance level of link, which integrates the weights of Walking barrier factors and the attributes of each link, is derived. Then, Walking path cost that takes into consideration the ‘length’ factors is calculated and an optimized path for people with reduced mobility is searched using Dijkstra’s Algorithm. Nineteen different paths were searched and we confirmed that the derived paths are meaningful in terms of improving the mobility of people with reduced mobility by conducting a field test. We look forward to improving movement welfare by providing a navigation service using the path finding algorithm proposed in this study.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.879-891
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal patterns and diel variations of fish movements in the Juksan Weir which was constructed in 2010 at the down-stream of Yeongsan-River watershed. For this study, we monitored day-and-night movement(24 Hr cycle) and seasonal fish migration(June ~ August) patterns in 2011 along with species compositions and abundances depending on the locations of the traps within the fishway. Total number of species sampled was 14 and the total number of individuals was 1,263 with only the size-fractions(as total length) of the fish < 20 cm during the study. Seasonal analysis of fish movement in the fish way showed that highest frequency in the movement occurred in June - July, which is closely associated with a spawning peak season. The most dominant species using the fishway was Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, and this species turned out to be 26.9% of the total in the use rate of fishway. Daily monitoring of fish movements showed that most frequent movements occurred between 18:00 PM and 21:00 PM when the fish have a feeding time generally. The migratory fish were not found in the fishway during the study. Mean current velocity during the study $0.42{\pm}0.02ms^{-1}$(n = 42), and there were no significant statistical differences(p > 0.05) among the daily and monthly velocities in the fishway. The use rate of fish passage, in terms of fish species, was 48%, compared with total sampling of fish species(29 species) at the down-river regions during the same period, indicating a low use rate. Further continuous long-term monitoring should be conducted to evaluate the impacts of the weir construction in the river.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1069-1080
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• 2022

The tropospheric ozone is a pollutant that causes a great deal of damage to humans and ecosystems worldwide. In the event that ozone moves downwind from its source, a localized problem becomes a regional and global problem. To enhance ozone monitoring efficiency, geostationary satellites with continuous diurnal observations have been developed. The objective of this study is to derive the Tropospheric Ozone Movement Vector (TOMV) by employing continuous observations of tropospheric ozone from geostationary satellites for the first time in the world. In the absence of Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Satellite (GEMS) tropospheric ozone observation data, the GEOS-Chem model calculated values were used as synthetic data. Comparing TOMV with GEOS-Chem, the TOMV algorithm overestimated wind speed, but it correctly calculated wind direction represented by pollution movement. The ozone influx can also be calculated using the calculated ozone movement speed and direction multiplied by the observed ozone concentration. As an alternative to a backward trajectory method, this approach will provide better forecasting and analysis by monitoring tropospheric ozone inflow characteristics on a continuous basis. However, if the boundary of the ozone distribution is unclear, motion detection may not be accurate. In spite of this, the TOMV method may prove useful for monitoring and forecasting pollution based on geostationary environmental satellites in the future.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.165-180
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate how much people recognise and participate in wastes recycling and to give suggestions for systematic environmental education on the recycling. Subject's recognition degree on recycling mark which had been established by The Ministry of Environment in 1995 was very low and the recycling mark should be educated because it would help people consider the environmental factor when purchase goods which are recyclable or not. They acknowledged simple recycling methods of recyclable goods much but not the complex methods of them. So they need the systematic education on recycling method through which continuous participation of them would be arisen. In the while there is no mention about recycling mark in textbooks which are currently used in Korean elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. Not only the mark but also any kind of environmental information should be updated in environmental textbooks/learning materials to cultivate students environmental literacy to meet current environmental issues dynamically and solve environmental problems in the future successfully.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-318
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• 2010

This study investigates the generation and movement of low-concentration $CO_2$ observed in Gosan during summer from 2002 to 2006. For analysis, additional $CO_2$ data in Anmyeondo, Ryori, Barrow, and Minamitorishima as well as NOAA/ESRL daily global $CO_2$ fields, background trajectories data, and 850 hPa wind fields are also used. Based on analyses using various observed data, we classified three types of low-concentration $CO_2$ in Gosan according to its origin: i) the origin of the Siberian continental, in which the consumption of $CO_2$ is active due to photosynthesis from broad forests, ii) the origin of Okhotsh and Artic seas, in which the low-concentration $CO_2$ is dominant due to high primary productivity by a plankton bloom, and iii) the origin of the Northwestern Pacific which is related to the entry of air mass from high latitudes. These results show that the low-concentration $CO_2$ observed in Gosan during summer is not originated from the Pacific oceans as known in previous studies, but originated from high latitude regions such as the Siberian continental and the Okhotsh and Artic seas.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of air-borne microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, gram negative bacteria (GNB), endotoxins, and respirable suspended particles (RSPs), and their correlation with environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels) in duck houses. The mean concentrations of bacteria, fungi, and GNB were very high (> $10^6\;CFU/m^3$), and endotoxin levels exceeded $10^3\;EU/m^3$. Among the various work stages, in the task of receiving ducks, bacteria were $6.2{\times}10^6;CFU/m^3$, and GNB were $5.4{\times}10^6\;CFU/m^3$, while RSPs levels were $397.6\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and endotoxin levels were $47.2{\times}10^3\;EU/m^3$ in the task of dividing the ducks, and fungi were $4.9{\times}10^6\;CFU/m^3$ in the task of shipping the ducks. The concentrations of RSPs and endotoxins were significantly higher in tasks involving greater movement of ducks in the house, relative to tasks involving little movement of ducks (p<0.05). Further, with progression in growth of the ducks, the concentrations of bacteria, GNB, endotoxins, and RSPs were significantly increased. There was significant correlation between levels of GNB with bacteria (r=0.75) and fungi (r=0.86), endotoxins with RSPs (r=0.75), bacteria with fungi (r=0.39), and carbon dioxide with RSPs (r=0.38), bacteria (r=0.33), and endotoxins (r=0.31). These results suggest considerable respiratory hazard for farmers in these environments.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.901-906
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• 2015

It is difficult to measure aircraft noise at many points, because the noise measurement is need to long time, 24 hours and consecutive 7 days, which results in high costs. As an alternative, movement measuring points are set to measure aircraft noise for less than 24 hours, and so it is needed to overcome the limitation of shorter measuring time. Thus, this study measured military aircraft noise on movement measuring points and conducted a comparative analysis on the data according to each measuring time. The data of measuring noise for 24 hours and less than 24 hours were compared to suggest appropriate measuring time on the movement measuring points. As a result of comparing data of measuring noise, an error was within 3 dB in case of measuring time of 3 hours, and an error was within 1 dB in case of 6 hours of measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.467-476
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• 2022

This article defines the characteristics of Korean vegetarianism by tracing the changes in the core motives revealed in the historical development of the vegetarian movement that started in the West. We further explore and compare the limitations of the vegetarian movement conceived in the West with the essential values, 'How can Korean vegetarian culture gain the upper hand?'. Our results indicate that the sequential changes of the motives inherent to the flow of the modern vegetarian movement were <religious-philosophy>, <political-society>, and <healthy-nutrition>. This settled the transition from 'vegetarianism as an ideological form' to 'vegetarianism as a lifestyle', making it a more becoming way of life. However, along with the spread of 'vegetarian lifestyle as a form of life', commercial vegetarianism, which overshadows the essential value of vegetarianism, continued to flourish due to the modern capitalist industrial system. To curb commercialization, the necessity arose to establish a new vegetarian diet with a propensity towards an 'ecological-environmental point of view'. Thus, in order to establish the term and concept of a vegetarian diet for Korean vegetarian characteristics, we propose the formation of a vegetarian term and concept suitable for the Korean vegetarian culture.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2022

Monitoring and assessing aquatic ecosystems using the behavior of organisms is essential for sustainable ecosystem management. Oligochaetes, which inhabit various freshwater ecosystems, are frequently used to evaluate the environmental conditions of freshwater ecosystems. Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) is tolerant to organic pollution and has been used to evaluate the toxicity of toxicants, including heavy metals. We studied the behavioral responses of T. tubifex to three different copper concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L^-1). The specimens were exposed to copper in an observation cage containing 150 mL of dechlorinated water. Movement behavior (diameter, speed, acceleration, meander, and turning rate) was continuously observed for two hours before and after the copper treatments. After the treatments, the diameter shrank and showed rapid twisting movement under all the copper conditions. The turning rate had a positive correlation with meander and acceleration both before and after treatment at all three concentrations, whereas speed and meander had a negative correlation. Length and turning rate also showed a negative correlation. The correlation coefficient between speed and acceleration in the highest copper concentration changed from positive before treatment (r=0.64) to negative (r= -0.52) after treatment. Our results present the possibility of using behavioral parameters to detect copper contamination in freshwater ecosystems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.137.1-137
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• 2003

A pepper strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (Pf-CMV) induces a mild chlorotic spot symptom in zucchini squash at 9 days post-inoculation (dpi), wile Fny strain of CMV causes severe mosaic and stunting symptom at 4 dpi in this host. Pseudorecombinants were constructed between the two strains, and assessments of symptom severity were indicated that both RNA2 and RNA3 were responsible for both mildness and the slow appearance of symptom elicited by Pf-CMV in zucchini squash. With various RNA2 and RNA3 chimeras between two strains of CMV, the genetic symptom determinants of phenotype of Pf-CMV were mapped to Tyr residue at positions amino acid 267 in 2a protein and at positions amino acid 168 in 3a movement protein (MP). Chimeras changed the sequences (both changed Tyr to lie) in the codons of both amino acid 168 of 3a MP and amino acid 267 of 2a protein were resulted in the high RNA accumulation, severity of symptom, and the rapid systemic spread, suggesting that 2a replicase as well as MP is involved in virus movement. The RNA accumulation pattern of all pseudorecombinants and chimeras are identical in protoplast of zucchini squash, indicating the virus movement is responsible for the phenotypes of two CMV strains rather than virus replication.