• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.128-134
• /
• 2001

Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, also called comet assay, is a rapid and sensitive method to detect DNA damage in single cell level. To evaluate the DNA damage of lymphocytes of pesticides sprayers, SCGE assay was carried out for 50 pesticides sprayer and 58 control subjects. They were interviewed with structured questionnaire to get the information about the kinds and amount of pesticide. Insecticides and fungicides were predominant among pesticides. Major components of pesticides were organophosphorus, organosulfate, cartap, carbamates, and triazole. Sprayed pesticides were classified into two groups. Group I included organophosphorus, organoarsenic, organotin, tetrazine, triazole and gramoxone, which were known to cause DNA damages. Group II pesticide were carbamates, surfactants, organosulfates, etc., which were not found as DNA damaging agents in scientific documents. Olive tail moments of 100 lymphocytes were measured by KOMET 3.1 program for each person. The means of tail moments were compared between farmers exposed to pesticides and control subjects. Farmers showed higher tail moments than control subjects (2.07$\pm$1.40 vs 1.53$\pm$0.77, p<0.05). The means of tail moments also were compared among group I sprayers (n=36), group II sprayers (n=24) and, control subject, and the means or tail moments were 3.4s$\pm$3.2o, 2.66$\pm$2.20 and 1.53$\pm$0.77 respectively. The difference between means of group I sprayers and controls was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study showed higher DNA damage in farmers exposed to pesticides than control subjects, and comet assay could be useful as a biological monitoring method of genotoxic pesticides for farmers.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2020

This study aims to explore a purely mechanistic pavement analysis approach where viscoelasticity and fracture of asphalt mixtures are considered to accurately predict deformation and damage behavior of flexible pavements. To do so, the viscoelastic and fracture properties of designated pavement materials are obtained through experiments and a fully mechanistic damage analysis is carried out using a finite element method (FEM). While modeling crack development can be done in various ways, this study uses the cohesive zone approach, which is a well-known fracture mechanics approach to efficiently model crack initiation and propagation. Different pavement configurations and traffic loads are considered based on three main functional classes of roads suggested by FHWA i.e., arterial, collector and local. For each road type, three different material combinations for asphalt concrete (AC) and base layers are considered to study damage behavior of pavement. A concept of the approach is presented and a case study where three different material combinations for AC and base layers are considered is exemplified to investigate progressive damage behavior of pavements when mixture properties and layer configurations were altered. Overall, it can be concluded that mechanistic pavement modeling attempted in this study could differentiate the performance of pavement sections due to varying design inputs. The promising results, although limited yet to be considered a fully practical method, infer that a few mixture tests can be integrated with the finite element modeling of the mixture tests and subsequent structural modeling of pavements to better design mixtures and pavements in a purely mechanistic manner.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2013

일반적으로 동결대상지역에 설치되는 지반구조물은 동결피해에 대한 별도의 대책을 필요로 한다. 그러나 국내의 경우 터널, 옹벽 등과 같은 지반구조물에 대한 동결피해 조사 및 사례보고가 거의 이루어지지 않고 있어, 이를 저감시키기 위한 연구는 매우 미미한 실정이다. 이러한 이유로 국내의 구조물 관련 설계기준도 특별하게 이를 규정화하고 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 터널, 비탈면, 옹벽의 동결피해에 대한 현장조사 및 1종, 2종 시설물에 대한 약 40여 년간의 지반구조물 유지관리 이력을 분석하여 구조물 설치지역의 기온에 따른 구조물의 유지관리 특성을 파악하였다. 그 결과 우리나라에서 동결깊이가 약 120cm 이상이고, 기온이 비교적 낮은 강원 산간지역 및 강원 북부, 경기 북부지역의 지반구조물은 기온이 비교적 따뜻한 타 지역과 달리 훨씬 더 오랫동안 보수보강을 필요로 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이로부터 국내 동결피해 대상지역에 설치되는 구조물에 대한 설계기준 개정의 필요성을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.172-182
• /
• 2022

Background: The coronavirus problem is an ecological problem stemming from a sudden change in the relationship between parasites and hosts. Ecologists judge organisms that are established out of their original territory as exotic species. Unlike in their original habitat, these exotic species become very aggressive in their newly settled habitat. Coronavirus infection damage was bigger in Europe or the United States than that in the country of its origin, China, and its neighboring countries. Therefore, coronavirus infection damage resembles the damage due to the invasive species. Results: Exotic species are found in places with similar environmental conditions to those of their origin when introduced to other ecological regions. However, there are few ecological ill effects in their place of origin, while the damage is usually severe in the ecological regions in which it is introduced. According to historical records, exotic infectious diseases, such as European smallpox and measles, also showed a similar trend and caused great damage in newly established places. Therefore, it is expected that measures to manage exotic species could be used for the prevention of exotic infectious diseases such as the coronavirus. Conclusions: Prevention comes first in the management of exotic species, and in order to come up with preventive measures, it is important to collect information on the characteristics of related organisms and their preferred environment. In this respect, ecosystem management measures such as exotic species management measures could be used as a reference to prevent and suppress the spread. To put these measures into practice, it is urgently required to establish an international integrated information network for collecting and exchanging information between regions and countries. Furthermore, a systematic ecosystem-management strategy in which natural and human environments could continue sustainable lives in their respective locations may serve as a countermeasure to prevent infectious diseases.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.187-200
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 주변 환경에 따른 굴착식 터널의 지진취약도 변화에 대한 분석을 진행하고 대표 지진취약도 모델을 제시하였다. 기 개발된 굴착식 터널의 지진취약도 모델들에 대한 분석을 진행한 후 각 모델들에 가중치를 부여하여 주변 환경에 맞게 새로 가중조합한 모델을 개발하였다. 주변 환경은 굴착식 터널 주변의 지반조건과 매설 깊이를 고려하였다. 지진취약도 곡선의 피해 발생 확률은 최대지반가속도(PGA)를 매개변수로 하여 결정된다. PGA가 0.3 g일 때 매설 깊이가 50 m이하의 조건에서는 경미한 손상을 초과하는 피해 확률이 20%, 매설 깊이가 50 m 이상 100 m 이하의 조건에서는 피해 확률이 10%, 매설 깊이 100 m 이상의 조건에서는 피해 확률이 3% 이하로 매설 깊이에 따라 피해 확률이 점차 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 주변 지반이 토양으로 되어있을 때보다 암반으로 되어있을 때 동일한 지표의 PGA에 대해 같은 매설 깊이에서 피해 확률이 크게 나타나며, 매설 깊이가 깊어질수록 피해 확률이 작아진다. 이 연구는 향후 터널의 종합적 지진취약도 함수 개발에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.319-338
• /
• 2023

The study presents a new hybrid data-driven method by combining radial basis functions neural networks (RBF-NN) with the Jaya algorithm (JA) to provide effective structural health monitoring of arch dams. The novelty of this approach lies in that only one user-defined parameter is required and thus can increase its effectiveness and efficiency, as compared to other machine learning techniques that often require processing a large amount of training and testing model parameters and hyper-parameters, with high time-consuming. This approach seeks rapid damage detection in arch dams under dynamic conditions, to prevent potential disasters, by utilizing the RBF-NNN to seamlessly integrate the dynamic elastic modulus (DEM) and modal parameters (such as natural frequency and mode shape) as damage indicators. To determine the dynamic characteristics of the arch dam, the JA sequentially optimizes an objective function rooted in vibration-based data sets. Two case studies of hyperbolic concrete arch dams were carefully designed using finite element simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the RBF-NN model, in conjunction with the Jaya algorithm. The testing results demonstrated that the proposed methods could exhibit significant computational time-savings, while effectively detecting damage in arch dam structures with complex nonlinearities. Furthermore, despite training data contaminated with a high level of noise, the RBF-NN and JA fusion remained the robustness, with high accuracy.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2008

Acrylamide is present as a contaminant in heated food products, predominantly from the precursor asparagine. Nonanchored inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) are arbitrary multiloci markers produced by PCR amplification with a microsatellite primer. In order to assess the feasibility of microsatellite primers as markers for DNA damage, the study was conducted on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) exposed to different concentrations of acrylamide. Polymorphisms were abundant among plant samples treated with acrylamide in comparison to control (untreated one) tested with 4- tri-nucleotide, 2 tetra-nucleotide, and 3- dinucelotide primers. The primer (CCG)4 was the best tested primer to generate polymorphism between the DNA of plants treated or not by acrylamide. Polymorphisms became evident as the presence and absence of DNA fragments in treated samples compared with the untreated one. The highest number of DNA variation on ISSR patterns was observed at the micromollar concentrations of acrylamide. Acrylamide was able to induce DNA damage in non concentration-dependent manner with effectiveness at micromollar concentrations. This study demonstrated that ISSR markers can be highly reliable for identification of DNA damage induced by acrylamide.

• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2001

In this study, a numerical model for the simulation of reinforced concrete columns subject to cyclic loading is presented. The model consists of three separate models representing concrete, reinforcing steel bars and bond-slip between a reinforcing bar and ambient concrete. The concrete model is represented by the plane stress plastic-damage model and quadrilateral finite elements. The nonlinear steel bar model embedded in truss elements is used for longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars. Bond-slip mechanism between a reinforcing bar and ambient concrete is discretized using connection elements in which the hysteretic bond-slip link model defines the bond stress and slip displacement relation. The three models are connected in finite element mesh to represent a reinforced concrete structure. From the numerical simulation, it is shown that the proposed model effectively and realistically represents the overall cyclic behavior of a reinforced concrete column. The present plastic-damage concrete model is observed to work appropriately with the steel bar and bond-slip link models in representing the complicated localization behavior.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.457-469
• /
• 2017

This manuscript deals with a novel approach aimed at identifying multiple damaged sites in structural components through finite frequency changes. Natural frequencies, meant as a privileged set of modal data, are adopted along with a numerical model of the system. The adoption of finite changes efficiently allows challenging characteristic problems encountered in damage detection techniques such as unexpected comparison of possible shifted modes and the significance of modal data changes very often affected by experimental/environmental noise. The new procedure extends MDLAC and exploits parallel computing on modern multicore processors. Smart filters, aimed at reducing the potential damaged sites, are implemented in order to reduce the computational effort. Several use cases are presented in order to illustrate the potentiality of the new damage detection procedure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.131-146
• /
• 2007

This paper presents the results of a study to show how the development of a crack alters the structural behavior of I-shaped steel beams and how this can be used to evaluate nondestructive evaluation techniques. The approach is based on changes in the dynamic behavior. An approximate finite element model for a cracked beam with I-shaped cross-section is developed based on a simplified fracture model. The model is then used to review different damage cases. Damage detection techniques are studied to determine their ability to identify the existence of the crack and to identify its location. The techniques studied are the coordinate modal assurance criterion, the modal flexibility, and the state and the slope arrays.