• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.192-202
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• 2024

Ocean reanalysis data are extensively used in ocean circulation and climate research by integrating observational data with numerical models. This approach overcomes the spatial and temporal limitations of observational data and provides high-resolution gridded information that considers the physical interactions between ocean variables. In this study, I extended the previously produced 12-year (2011-2022) Northwest Pacific regional ocean reanalysis data to create a long-term reanalysis dataset (K-ORA22E) with a horizontal resolution of 1/24° spanning 30 years (1993-2022). These data were analyzed to diagnose long-term ocean climate change in the Korean marginal seas. Analysis of the K-ORA22E data revealed that the axis of the Kuroshio extension has shifted northward by approximately 6 km per year over the past 30 years, with a significant increase in sea surface temperature north of the Kuroshio axis. Among the waters surrounding the Korean Peninsula, the East Sea exhibited the most significant temperature increase. In the East Sea, the temperature increase was more pronounced in the middle layer than in the surface layer, with the East Korea Warm Current showing a rate two to three times higher than the global average. In the central Yellow Sea, where the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water appears, temperatures increased over the long-term, but decreased along the west and south coasts of the Korean Peninsula. These spatial differences in long-term temperature changes appear to be closely related to the heat transport pathways of warm water from the Kuroshio Current. High-resolution regional ocean reanalysis data, such as the K-ORA22E produced in this study, are essential foundational data for understanding long-term variability in the Korean marginal seas and analyzing the impacts of climate change.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.159-178
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• 2024

This study aims to assess the direct and indirect impacts of local fiscal expenditures on water quality. Panel data spanning from 2010 to 2018 for 173 cities and districts in Korea are assembled, and a two-stage dynamic panel model is utilized for our estimation. The empirical findings reveal several key insights. Firstly, local fiscal expenditures on water quality are effective in ameliorating both Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Phosphorus (T-P). Notably, the direct impact on T-P surpasses that on BOD in the short and long run. Secondly, expenditures dedicated to water quality improvement demonstrate a positive effect on local economic growth, and an inverted U-shaped relationship is observed between BOD and local economic growth. Due to the positive linkage, the indirect effect on BOD suggests, on average, a deterioration in water quality during local economic growth. Thirdly, concerning BOD, the direct effect of government expenditure on water quality improvement outweighs the indirect effect, but in the case of T-P, the indirect effect is not significant, and the total effect is solely determined by the direct impact. Despite local fiscal expenditures potentially exacerbating water quality through regional economic growth, the study finds that the direct enhancement of water quality remains a more substantial factor in the short and long run.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.501-510
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• 2024

This study started by recognizing that a competency-based major curriculum in physics education was necessary to respond to field demands in the intelligent information age. To address this need, the research developed a competency-based major curriculum model for the Department of Physics Education at G University. The research process involved several stages: environmental analysis focusing on the characteristics of the intelligent information age, needs analysis of the educational field, establishment of ideal human resources and academic goals, selection of major competencies, curriculum system composition, and roadmap development. The major curriculum committee reviewed and evaluated each stage of this process. The study established an ideal image of 'innovative and communicative educators leading future education' along with three educational objectives. It also identified academic-research competency, field-job competency, and convergence-integration competency as major competencies, defining sub-competencies for each. The research team restructured the curriculum to achieve a balanced development of major competencies and introduced a new science edutainer micro-degree program to address career diversification. The project implemented complementary extracurricular programs to supplement insufficient major competencies and established systems for managing individual students' major competencies and the overall major curriculum. The competency-based major curriculum model developed through this study aims to strengthen the practical competencies of physics education students and provide an effective approach to respond to future changes in the educational environment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.361-373
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• 2024

Advertising on the exterior of buses was initiated in 1985 with the aim of generating operational funds for the 1988 Seoul Olympics. However, despite numerous technological advancements, the regulations governing the method (sheet attachment), area, and placement of exterior advertising on buses have remained unchanged to date. This has constrained the potential for profitability and efficiency in bus exterior advertising. According to Seoul Metropolitan Government, metro usage increased by 23 % in 2019 (prior to the COVID-19) compared to 2006, while bus usage decreased by 10 %. Consequently, financial subsidy for buses surged significantly over the past five years (2018-2022), averaging around KRW 450 billion, which is approximately 1.27 times the average for the preceding decade (2013-2022). The majority of revenue for bus transportation agencies is derived from passenger fares (81.1 %) and subsidies from Seoul City (17.5 %). Hence, it is imperative to enhance the share of revenue from sources other than fares. This study proposes an expansion of the role of bus exterior advertising by increasing the advertising area as a means to increase non-fare revenue. Two alternatives were proposed to expand the advertising area by 17 % and 94 %, respectively, compared to the current level, and their potential impacts were analyzed. The findings indicate that advertising revenue could increase from a minimum of KRW 3.2 billion to a maximum of KRW 53.9 billion, and public subsidies could be reduced by as much as 11.9 %. The bus exterior advertising can serve as an effective approach to diversify transportation revenue and decrease public subsidies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2024

Severe casualties and property damage are occurring due to urban floods caused by extreme rainfall. However, there is a lack of research on preparedness, appropriate estimation of flood damages, assessment of losses, and compensation. Particularly, the flood damage estimation methods used in the USA and Japan show significant differences from the domestic situation, highlighting the need for methods tailored to the Korean context. This study addresses these issues by developing an optimized flood damage estimation technique based on the building characteristics. Utilizing the flood prediction solution developed by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), we have established an optimal flood damage estimation technology. We introduced a methodology for flood damage estimation by incorporating vulnerability curves based on the inventory of structures and apply this technique to real-life cases. The results show that our approach yields more realistic outcomes compared to the flood damage estimation methods employed in the USA and Japan. This research can be practically applied to procedures for flood damage in urban basement residences, and it is expected to contribute to establishing appropriate response procedures in cases of public grievances.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.7-27
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• 2024

This study addresses the crucial role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) amidst civic polarization, moral disimagination, and learned helplessness. It begins her personal background as a 1.5-generation Vietnamese American and her academic engagement in immigrant faith and the challenges of teaching faith in violent contexts. The work underscores the public dimension and impact of religious education, highlighting its potential for fostering critical capacities for public engagement. However, that study observes a prevalent disconnection between congregational culture and the aim of public engagement, leading to a form of learned helplessness among students and communities. The researcher draws on Paulo Freire's concepts of "critical hope" and the need for a curriculum that transcends mere content delivery to foster transformative engagement with societal issues. The document critiques the disimigination machine that undermines critical thinking and collective resistance, as articulated by Henry Giroux, and explores the concepts of "learned helplessness" as a barrier to environmental and social activism. The researcher advocates for a theopoetic and theopolitical approach to education that nurtures hope and practical engagement with the world's injustice. She emphasizes small acts of theopoetic and theopolitical hope as transformative practices, using an example from Ferguson, Missouri, to illustrate how public liturgy and protest can mediate hope and justice. The document concludes with a call for a life-long, life-wide, and life-deep curriculum of enchantment towards responsible participation in societal repair, rooted in Christian hope.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-56
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• 2024

This study is empirical research to enhance understanding of AI (artificial intelligence) training data project in South Korea. It primarily focuses on the various concerns regarding data quality from policy-executing institutions, data construction companies, and organizations utilizing AI training data to develop the most reliable algorithm for society. For academic contribution, this study suggests a theoretical foundation and research model for understanding AI training data quality and its antecedents, as well as the unique data and ethical aspects of AI. For this purpose, this study proposes a research model with important antecedents related to AI training data quality, such as data attribute factors, data building environmental factors, and data type-related factors. The study collects 393 sample data from actual practitioners and personnel from companies building artificial intelligence training data and companies developing artificial intelligence services. Data analysis was conducted through Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and Artificial Neural Network analysis (ANN), presenting academic and practical implications related to the quality of AI training data.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.141-160
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• 2024

In recent years, turnover intention among employees in China's banking industry has surged due to internal and external environmental pressures. This surge surpasses those occurring in other sectors. This rising trend in employee turnover has resulted in reducing employee turnover becoming a critical priority for banks in their ongoing development. Traditional leadership styles have proven inadequate for addressing this issue, requiring a shift towards more effective management approaches. This study explores the potential of servant leadership, a management style that prioritizes employees' needs, supports their development, and motivates them to realize their potential, as a means to mitigate rising turnover intentions. The research focuses on employees in the Chinese banking sector so as to examine the impact of the servant leadership management approach on their turnover intentions. Job crafting is investigated as a mediating variable, while stress mindset is assessed as a moderating variable. Data were collected from 401 valid questionnaires across 62 teams, comprising 62 leaders and 339 employees. Hypotheses were tested using SPSS 26.0 and HLM 6.0. The findings reveal that: (1) servant leadership significantly reduces turnover intentions; (2) job crafting mediates the relationship between servant leadership and turnover intentions; and (3) stress mindset positively moderates the influence of job crafting on turnover intentions. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the relationship between servant leadership and turnover intentions. The study's findings offer valuable insights into how to enhance employee management practices. It also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of integrating servant leadership into the banking sector, highlights the study's limitations, and proposes directions for future research.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.30-37
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• 2024

The valuation of infrastructure assets is typically conducted using the straight-line method, which employs the depreciated replacement cost as a basis. However, this approach has the limitation of failing to accurately reflect the actual value of the facility. In light of these considerations, the performance-based depreciation (PBD) method has been proposed as a means of evaluating the asset value of bridges on the basis of their performance, although it is not designed to take account of the environmental characteristics of individual bridges. This study proposes a hazard-performance based depreciation (HPBD) method that considers the risk level of individual bridges in the PBD method proposed in previous studies. The applicability of the proposed method was evaluated on more than 8,000 bridges. The risk factors for deterioration of bridges were selected, the hazard level of individual bridges was evaluated, and weights based on the hazard level were applied to the PBD method. The evaluation resulted in a present value comparable to that of the PBD method and a relatively high future value. It is postulated that the HPBD method, which considers the risk characteristics of individual bridges, can be used for a more reasonable evaluation and decision-making process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.202-213
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• 2024

Introduction: Acknowledging the global issue of diseases potentially caused by overwork, this study aims to develop an AI model to help workers understand the connection between cerebrocardiovascular diseases and their work environment. Materials and methods: The model was trained using medical and legal expertise along with data from the 2021 occupational disease adjudication certificate by the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance and Prevention Service. The Polyglot-ko-5.8B model, which is effective for processing Korean, was utilized. Model performance was evaluated through accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1-score metrics. Results: The model trained on a comprehensive dataset, including expert knowledge and actual case data, outperformed the others with respective accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1-scores of 0.91, 0.89, 0.84, and 0.87. However, it still had limitations in responding to certain scenarios. Discussion: The comprehensive model proved most effective in diagnosing work-related cerebrocardiovascular diseases, highlighting the significance of integrating actual case data in AI model development. Despite its efficacy, the model showed limitations in handling diverse cases and offering health management solutions. Conclusion: The study succeeded in creating an AI model to discern the link between work factors and cerebrocardiovascular diseases, showcasing the highest efficacy with the comprehensively trained model. Future enhancements towards a template-based approach and the development of a user-friendly chatbot webUI for workers are recommended to address the model's current limitations.