• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1999

Coal properties are controlled by the following two factors : One is the maceral components and the other is the degree of coalification. In other words, even if coals in question indicate the same degree of coalification, their chemical and physical properties considerably vary one another when their maceral components are different. It is well known that virtrinite reflectance is the best single criterion for the degree of coalification covering the whole range of coal rank. Some authors have recently insisted that sporinite fluorescence is more leliable coal rank parameter than vitrinite reflectance in case of low rank coals. In this paper, to examine the relince of sporinite fluorescence as coal rank parameter, fluidity analysis of coals is newly performed and the data are analyzed in comparision with those of virinite reflectance, sporinite fluorescence and maceral components. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Vitrinite reflectance becomes low when degradinite content is high within one columnar samples, and vice versa. 2) variation of vitrinite reflectance depend on degradinite content and on difference of roiginal plant. 3) In dealing with the Japanese paleogene coals, sporinite fluorescence is more reliable parameter indicating the degree of coalification than vitrinite reflectance. 4) Maximum fluidity increases exponetially in proportion to the increases of degradinite content.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.499-506
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• 2015

Recently the Korean government announced its decision to select the $3^{rd}$ proposal, which targets reducing $CO_2$ by 37% of the BAU level by 2030, for the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). According to this proposal, natural gas (or equivalent gas) combined cycle (NGCC) are suggested as alternatives for conventional pulverized coal (PC). In this study, we analyzed the environmental, economic, and energy mixing aspects of synthetic natural gas combined cycle(SNGCC) using NETL material (2011~2012 version) and other domestic materials (2014 version). We found the following conclusions: 1) Considering carbon capture and storage (CCS) integration, $CO_2$ emission factors of SNGCC and supercritical PC are the same. However, 60% of $CO_2$ from SNGCC is produced as high pressure and high purity (99%) gas, making it highly suitable for CCS, which is now strongly supported by the government. 2) Based on the economic analysis for SNGCC using domestic materials and comparison with NGCC, it was found that the settlement price of SNGCC was 30% lower than that of NGCC.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.23-32
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• 2012

This study applied an exploratory analysis based on Self Organizing Map and GIS to cause specific age-standardized regional death rates data related to ten types of male cancers to find meaning patterns in the data. Then the patterns revealed from the exploratory analysis was evaluated to investigate possible relationship between these patterns and regional socio-economic status represented by regional educational attainment levels of head of household. The results from this analysis show that SI-GUN-GUs in Korea can be clustered to eighteen unique clusters in the stand point of male cancer death rates and these clusters are also spatially clustered. Also, the results reveal that regions with higher socio-economic status show lower level of the death rates compared with the regions with lower socio-economic status. However, for some cancer types, the regions with higher socio-economic status show relatively higher death rates. These patterns imply that the prevention, detection, and treatment of male cancers might be strongly affected by regional factors such as socio-economic status, environmental factors, and cultures and norms in Korea. Especially, one of the eighteen clusters, which includes Gangnam-Gu and Seocho-Gu, shows lower death rates in many of male cancer types. This implies that socio-economic status may be one of the most influential factors for regional cancer control.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.229-239
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• 1980

A various kinds of harmful gases in the gallery and the increasing quantity of in-flow water are the important factors causing mainly the decline in production. In this thesis, the increase and decrease of in-flow water which effects the out put have been investigated and analysed in the statistical method. Through the results obtained together with the stastistical data some typical interreation formula between the quantity of in-flow water and production have been induced and the productive percentage in season was examined with special reference to Changsung Coal Mine. The formulas are as fallows: (1) Underground in-flow water to production; $Y=-5.74x^2+108.9x+6,346.6$ where, Y: production(tons/day): x:in-flow water($m^3/min$), (2) Rain and Snow fall to production; P=6.555-1.591 R+1.282S where, P;production(tons/day); R:rain fall(mm); S : snowfall(cm), (3) Productivity ratio in season compared with the average annual production; 1st quarter of year:100.1%, 2nd quarter of year: 100.3%, 3rd quarter of year: 97.2%, 4th quarter of year: 102.4%.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate impact of smart city awareness on citizen satisfaction and to measure various factors influencing smart city competitiveness that were rarely addressed in previous studies. For the impacts on the competitiveness of smart cities, this study explored the effects of data-driven service, economic impact, social trust through sharing, environmental protection, and sustainable growth. Research design, data and methodology: To collect data, this study employed an online survey conducted by a reputable research organization. Data analysis involved the use of factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results: This study identified key aspects important for enhancing citizen satisfaction. Furthermore, this research unveiled the significant impacts of data-driven service, economic impact, social trust through sharing, environmental protection, and sustainable growth on the competitiveness of smart cities. Conclusions: The results yield valuable managerial and policy implications. The study suggests that enhancing citizen satisfaction through improved awareness of the smart city is crucial for effective city marketing management. Additionally, the results highlight special aspects necessary to improve smart city competitiveness, including the implementation of promotional policies supported by the government, promoting global competitiveness for domestic companies, and fostering citizen participation for effective city marketing management.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.240-254
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• 2017

Cereal grains are the most important food source for humans. As the global population continues to grow exponentially, the need for the enhanced yield and minimal loss of agricultural crops, mainly cereal grains, is increasing. In general, harvested grains are stored for specific time periods to guarantee their continuous supply throughout the year. During storage, economic losses due to reduction in quality and quantity of grains can become very significant. Grain loss is usually the result of its deterioration due to fungal contamination that can occur from preharvest to postharvest stages. The deleterious fungi can be classified based on predominance at different stages of crop growth and harvest that are affected by environmental factors such as water activity ($a_w$) and eco-physiological requirements. These fungi include species such as those belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium that can produce mycotoxins harmful to animals and humans. The grain type and condition, environment, and biological factors can also influence the occurrence and predominance of mycotoxigenic fungi in stored grains. The main environmental factors influencing grain fungi and mycotoxins are temperature and $a_w$. This review discusses the effects of temperature and $a_w$ on fungal growth and mycotoxin production in stored grains. The focus is on the occurrence and optimum and minimum growth requirements for grain fungi and mycotoxin production. The environmental influence on aflatoxin production and hypothesized mechanisms of its molecular suppression in response to environmental changes are also discussed. In addition, the use of controlled or modified atmosphere as an environmentally safe alternative to harmful agricultural chemicals is discussed and recommended future research issues are highlighted.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.102-114
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• 2019

The issue of sustainable forest management (SFM) continues to emerge as part of the REDD+ mechanism mitigation efforts. Especially for some developing countries, such as Indonesia, forest management is required to provide benefits to the welfare of local communities in addition to forest conservation efforts. This study aims to identify the economic, social, and environmental impacts of community-based forest management (CBFM) implementation activities, which is one of the implementations of SFM at field level. The primary objectives were to find out the impacts of CBFM activities based on local people's perceptions and to identify what factors need to be considered to increase local people's satisfaction on CBFM activities. The data from 6 sub-villages was derived through surveys with local people involved in CBFM activities, interviews with a key informant, and supported by secondary data. The results of the study state that CBFM activities have increased the local people's income as well as their welfare, strengthening the local institution, and help to resolve conflicts in the study area. CBFM has also been successful in protecting forests by rehabilitating unproductive lands and increase forest cover area. By using binary logistic regression analysis, it found that income, business development opportunities, access to forests, conflict resolution, institutional strengthening, and forest rehabilitation variable significantly affected the local people's satisfaction of CBFM activities.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 1997

The siting process of municipal solid waste treatment facility consists of a structured set of policies that guide the implementation of waste management goals. The main problems of siting process are the social and political context or the community opposition. During the past, the traditional siting process has been obsolete in most pans of the country, so public officials and researchers have tried to experiment with new policies and procedures. A number of controversial issues offer insight into the factors that are related to the local residents opposition to new waste treatment facilities. The purpose of this case study focused on the establishment of criteria in the site selection of waste treatment facilities which can carry out resources recovery. incineration and landfill simultaneously. That is to say. the main points are to make concrete the quantification standards of assignment and take an objective allotment scale according to the assessment factors. The summarized results are as follows; 1. To promote the site selection based on the guideline such as rational. objective and due process of law, it is desirable to inform the local residents the methods of assessment in advance. 2. Totally 20 factors for the site selection are divided into 3 categories such as living environment characteristics, technological location characteristics and socio-economic factors. And the supposed magnitude of weight in all items are equally applied. 3. In regard to 20 assessment factors, the allotment of point is distributed by the specific location characteristics. Namely to make the assessment easily, each factors are set the scale from 1 to 5 points en masse along the data which are acquired in the region.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.293-301
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• 2022

Based on the VAM model of the consumer behavior research framework, combined with the altruistic variable of environmental awareness, this paper constructs a research model on the impact of perceived value, perceived risk and environmental awareness on purchase intention, and deeply analyzes the driving factors of perceived value and perceived risk. By collecting 612 valid questionnaires, data was analyzed by using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0, the results were concluded. Perceived usefulness, perceived entertainment, Technicality, and Energy Awareness all have a significant positive impact on the purchase intention of new energy vehicles; Perceived Fee has a negative impact on purchase intention. The results of this study can provide strategies for companies to improve marketing, reduce consumers' perceived risks, provide beneficial supplements to companies in promoting the environmental protection attributes of new energy vehicles and their own environmental protection efforts, and promote the balance of economic and environmental benefits.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

This study was carried out to seek communication programs of geo-technology R&D outcome. For this, the following questions were set. 1) How much portion do KIGAM as the main body of geo-technology R&D among articles reported by major newspapers? 2) What are strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat factors of geo-technology R&D outcome from the communication view point? 3) What is the communication tasks and the communication ways for them? In conclusion, the communication programs of geo-technology R&D outcome using SMTCR(Sender-Message-Tool-Channel-Receiver) model were suggested.