• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.473-481
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of a size of the friendship network and quality of friendship on the associations between mutual antipathy and maladjustment. The subjects were 678 fifth- and sixth-grade primary school children who were recruited from a public school in Bucheon City. The Peer Nomination Inventory was used to assess mutual antipathy, peer victimization, social withdrawal, aggression, and the friendship network. The children were given a classroom roster and asked to nominate up to three classmates who fit each description. Additionally, the children reported the quality of their friendships using the Friendship Quality Scale. Each child was asked to indicate his or her one best friend and rate how accurately a sentence describe done of their best friends on the scale. The results revealed that the friendship network and friendship quality significantly moderated the relationships between mutual antipathy and social withdrawal, and peer victimization. The magnitude of the association between mutual antipathy and social withdrawal was not significant for large friendship networks and high quality friendships. Although mutual antipathy was significantly associated with peer victimization, the association was stronger at lower levels than at higher levels of the friendship network and quality. However, there was no moderating effect of the friendship network and quality on the association between mutual antipathy and aggression. A large friendship network and high quality friendship could be protective factors among those who have mutual antipathy in peer groups.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.261-264
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• 2006

Recently, the environment problems are risen to social problems. People have requested the convenience of a human activity and the enhancement of a human quality. The facility was, however, emphasized on the acquisition and treatment of water with the construction and maintenance of a irrigation and drainage structure. The concept of an environmental friendship has been introduced to change our society structure to an environment friendship at 21th century. But the concept lacks theoretical and systematic foundation. So, The maintenance technique, concrete products and construction methods will be made to be an environment friendship. The standards for environment friendship will be presented.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2018

This study investigated associations between attachment and friendship. This study also examined the mediating effects of empathy on the association between two variables. Participants consisted of $4^{th}$ to $6^{th}$ grade elementary school children including 173 boys and 141 girls. Two elementary schools were located in Seoul and Bucheon. Children participated in a peer nomination interview. They nominated their three most liked peers. Children's responses to the best friend of the peer nomination identified the children's best friends. A Friendship Quality Scale measured children's positive friendship quality and friendship satisfaction. Children completed the Inventory of the Parent and Peer Attachment Scale that assessed maternal and paternal attachment. In addition, they completed a children's version of the Empathy Quotient that measured empathy. Pearson's correlation and Structural Equation Modeling were used to analyse the data. The results indicated that attachment had a direct influence on friendship network. Children who had the high levels of attachment security had large friendship network. However, attachment did not have a significant effect on friendship quality. Moreover, empathy had mediating effects on the association between attachment and friendship quality as well as the friendship network. The results of this research highlight the importance of attachment and empathy on children's friendship.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 2019

This study investigated children's friendship factors such as number of friends, friendship quality, and friends' characteristics as a function of children's sociometric status. The concordance between children's and their friends'perceptions of friendship quality was examined. Subjects were fifth grade students recruited from two public schools. The peer nomination index assessed peer rejection and acceptance. Positive and negative nominations as well as social preference identified children into rejected and popular groups. Children who nominated each other on their list of friends were considered mutual friends. Children reported the quality of their friendships using the friendship quality scale. The results showed that rejected children had fewer mutual friends compared to popular children. Rejected children as well as their friends perceived their friendships less positively. Moreover, rejected children's perception showed lower correlations with their friends'perceptions than popular children's perceptions. Furthermore, rejected children were similar with friends in respect to peer rejection level. It was concluded that rejected children's problems in their peer group and dyadic friendships may mutually influence each other. The findings from this study highlight the need for future research on friendship quality and psychosocial adjustment for rejected children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2017

The purpose of the research was to examine the moderating effects of children's prosocial behavior on a potential relationship of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and peer rejection as well as friendship. Participants consisted of 252, 3 year old including 136 boys and 116 girls. They were recruited from day care centers and preschools in Gyeonggi province and Incheon city. Prosocial behavior and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder syndrome were assessed based on teacher ratings. A peer nomination inventory was used to assess peer rejection and friendship. Children were asked to nominate three peers that they liked and considered friends as well as three peers that they did not like and did not consider friends. Findings suggested that prosocial behavior moderated the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and peer rejection as well as friendship. ADHD was related to peer rejection and fewer friends for children with lower levels of prosocial behavior. However, the association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and peer rejection was not significant for children who had higher levels of prosocial behavior. Moreover, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder did not influence to friendship for children who had the higher levels of prosocial behavior. The results indicate that increasing prosocial behavior may improve peer relationship functioning of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.667-675
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• 2015

This study investigated the moderating effects of the number of friends and quality of friendship on the associations between withdrawal and loneliness as well as withdrawal and social anxiety. The subjects were 678 of fifth and sixth grade primary school children recruited from a public school in Bucheon city. A peer nomination inventory was used to assess withdrawal. Children were given a classroom roster and asked to nominate three classmates who fit each description. Children reported the quality of their friendships using the Friendship Quality Scale. Each child was asked to indicate his or her one best friend and rate how accurately a sentence describe done of their best friends on the scale. In addition, children completed questionnaires to assess the loneliness and social anxiety. The results revealed that the association between withdrawal and loneliness was not significant for children who had the large number of friends and high quality friendship. The association between withdrawal and social anxiety was stronger for the children who had the lower levels of friendship quality. However, there was no moderating effect of the number of friends on the association between withdrawal and social anxiety. These results imply that the large number of friends and high quality friendships could be protective factors for children who are withdrawn.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 1999

It is known that the role of informal support for elderly women is critical to their physical and mental health, adjustment in old age, and their overall life satisfaction. Elderly women's situation such as social losses, widowhood, living alone, and geographic relocation etc. may result in a need for more informal supports for elderly women's health than ever before. Particularly, women's same-sex friendships were rated higher for overall quality, intimacy, enjoyment, and nurturance. Unlike a generally accepted notion that later life for women is a time of isolation and loneliness, elderly women tend to maintain and reestablish their friendship regardless their marital status and living situation. Although studies on informal support for elderly women were inconclusive in many ways, elderly women's friendship tends to be stable despite of changing health status and life events. The relative importance between daughters and friends was also controversial. This study suggests that more research with reliable measurements is necessary for the practical prevention and intervention program of elderly women's health on this issue.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.90
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• pp.125-135
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.385-388
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• 2005

In this study, the objective is to develope environment friendship mineral pigments for removal of harmful chemical substance. Environment friendship mineral pigments made of Slag blast furnace-photocatalyst carriers were developed to identify their removal effects of NOx, HCHO and VOCs(benzene, Toluene) on sunlight, fluorescent light and UV lamp. In case of NOx at UV light, the eliminative ability was been better than different harmful materials, and it was appeared large degree rather than different harmful materials.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the current educational environment of Oriental medicine and to develop a future-oriented curriculum for traditional Korean medicine in Uzbekistan. The questionnaire used in this research was based on the current curriculum. Methods: This study was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 120 students (5th year in Tashkent medical academy in Uzbekistan) in order to examine the coursed's efficacy for the attainment of oriental medical knowledge. Results: 1. Among the respondents, 69.6% of them have already studied oriental medicine. 2. The respondents felt that the class in Oriental medicine was effective (88.3%). Moreover, they felt that understanding traditional Korean medicine was also beneficial (81.6%). However, 52.5% of them have responded that the class seemed difficult. 3. Among Uzbeki medical students, 64.9% of them have shown interest in acupuncture and moxibustion, 38.4% in traditional Korean herbology and pharmacognosy. 4. We also found that 63.8% of them have desired to have more specific studies in traditional Korean medicine. Conclusion: According to our results, developing adequate textbooks, teaching methods, and qualities of instructors should be considered as alternatives for the successful generalization of traditional Korean medicine in Uzbekistan.