• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.845-856
• /
• 2011

In order to establish fundamental data for stream restoration and environmental flow, we investigated inhabitation and species diversity of fish to substrate size in the typical streams of Geum River Basin. Field monitoring including fish sampling was conducted from October 2007 to October 2009. Substrate size was determined according to six different : silt (Si), sand (Sa), fine gravel (Fg), coarse gravel (Cg), cobbles (Co) and boulders (Bo). A total number of fish caught in the 18 sites was 7,649 representing 10 families 50 species, and Si, Sa, Fg, Cg, Co and Bo stations occupied 30, 29, 38, 30, 27 and 17 species, respectively. The most frequently found species in number was pale chum (Zacco platypus, 29.7%, n=2,275) followed by Z. koreanus (22.5%, n=1,720) in total stations. Biological diversity with increase of substrate size from the dominance of part species showed higher values as dominance index, lower and diversity, richness and evenness index. Index of biological integrity (IBI) and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) scores decreased with increase of substrate size. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort on stream rehabilitation with evaluation of physical habitat condition by indicator species in order to maintain biodiversity and perform ecological restoration.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2013

Subject : The application of eight extra Meridians theory to birth physiology of Korean Medicine. Objective : This study suggests physiological theories in child birth in Korean Medicine. Method : First, the application of eight extra Meridians and extraordinary organs theories to physiology, pathology, pregnancy, postnatal period of women were examined based on major publications and theories of some historical characters. This work provided clues for application of eight extra Meridians theory to birth physiology. Second, the progressing birth physiology of modern medicine based on the importance of the brain function was examined, with which the application of eight extra Meridians and extraordinary organs theories to the birth process showed close relationship. Conclusion : The following conclusions could be drawn. In traditional publications of Korean Medicine, the contents explaining birth physiology with eight extra Meridians theory were scarce, mainly due to the doctor's perception of birth as part of the natural female physiology along with menstruation and pregnancy. However, the contents explaining menstruation, pregnancy, postnatal physiology and pathology through eight extra Meridians theory could be found in classical texts such as Neijing, Jebyeong-wonhuron, Imjeunginameuian. Therefore, it is reasonable to apply the eight extra Meridians theory to the birth process as well. Modern medicine's understanding that pituitary and hypothalamus hormones are in play on womb in the birth process, such as Oxytocin, is in continuous progress. Moreover, the environmental condition that has been traditionally known ideal to the birth process in both the East and West-dark, warm, quiet and secluded-is being confirmed in modern research. The application of eight extra Meridians theory to birth physiology can help to explain these modern information, and thus make them more acceptable.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2014

In this paper, the lifetime of the artificial space objects in the LEO is analysed by using TLE data, which is provided by JSpOC. We observed the change of the number of space objects from 1957 and determined the reason of space debris generation. And then, we performed the analysis about present condition of space debris environment. The lifetime analysis includes a total of 11,792 artificial space objects and performed until the year 2050 by orbit propagation. We analyze the annual reentry frequency for the high RCS objects such as nonoperational satellites and rocket bodies, which have the possibility of earth ground impact through STK/Lifetime Tool for accurate and effective calculation. The results show that 9 payloads or rocket bodies will be decayed annually and 2 or 3 objects of total value have the possibility of ground impact. In addition, it is also shown that the 40% of a total analysed objects have the lifetime over 200 years.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2016

In recent rural areas, unlike the past, the young population is increasing with the growth of the agricultural industry and the quality of life-focused trend. Therefore, the rural areas need to more actively respond to the housing demands of the young generations. In this regard, this study aimed to research the housing conditions of the households with children and identify any problems. The study targeted 16 families with children in Deokpo-ri, Yeongwol-gun, Gangwon Province. The research was conducted based on the on-site case study, specifically face-to-face in-depth interview and on-site monitoring using the checklist by residential spaces. The research findings are as follows: The discovered issues include the storage size and safety issues in the movement space, failure to provide the space tailored to the characteristics of the children and the insufficient size and storage space in the living space and the size and safety issues in the sanitary space. Overall, it was identified that small and insufficient storage space in the house pointed out as the main issue in this research was getting the residents' life more uncomfortable and unreasonable, and the activities of the children made their parents do unnecessary behaviors and stressed out during the process of childrearing. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the space arrangement considering the organizing system, caring system and the behavioral characteristics of the children during the process of child-rearing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 2008

Plant growth and variegated leaf color changes of three leaf variegated Sedum spectabile varieties 'Variegatum', 'Frosty Morn', red colored 'Washfield Ruby', and one Sedum lineare variety 'Variegatum' and Sedum sarmentosum under three levels of shading conditions were examined for leaf ornamental value improvement. Shading levels were 40%($1,500{\mu}mol{\cdot}m-^2{\cdot}s-^1$), 70%($750{\mu}mol{\cdot}m-^2{\cdot}s-^1$) and 85%($375{\mu}mol{\cdot}m-^2{\cdot}s-^1$). Improvements of leaf ornamental value of 'Variegatum' 'Frosty Morn' and 'Washfield Ruby' were observed at 40% shading level and plant heights and leaf sizes were also increased. Plant height of S.sarmentosum were shorten under direct sun light condition and leaf color changed to greenish yellow(RHS143B) but deep green color(RHS144A) was observed under shading conditions. Endurance of S.sarmentosum was stronger than other species and leaf ornamental values remained well at 70% shading level. Leaf width of S.lineare 'Variegatum' were not changed under shading conditions but leaf length was increased. Leaf color was Deep green color was greenish yellow under direct sun light but deepest green color was observed at 85% shading level. Consider all ornamental value criteria, best shading conditions for S.lineare 'Variegatum' were ranged 40% to 70%.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2014

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), the latest video coding standard, has twice of the compression efficiency compared to AVC/H.264 under the same image quality condition. To obtain the improved efficiency, however, it was adopted for many methods which need complicated calculation, and the time complexity of HEVC was increased more than that of AVC/H.264. To solve this problem, the various fast algorithms have been researched. In this paper, we propose a fast intra prediction mode decision method which uses result of Rough Mode Decision (RMD) and Most Probable Mode (MPM). The proposed method selects a best predicted mode by comparing each predicted directions which are calculated through RMD and MPM. We applied the proposed method to HM 10.0 and conducted an comparing experiment in All-Intra environment. The experiment result showed that total encoding time is reduced by about 26% on average with about a 0.8% loss of BD-rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.50-69
• /
• 2014

Sustainability has been a big issue over the whole global industry lately and is an important fashion trend that reflects the modern phase of the time. The concept of sustainable fashion includes physical fashion products made from eco-friendly or recycle materials as well as ethical value such as corporate social responsibility for environment, labor or working condition. Fashion companies of advanced countries who are aware of the geo-environmental and ethical issues found that generating profits by setting trends and pursuing external beauty can no longer be the ultimate goal of fashion companies, and started to recognize the importance of sustainable fashion as a future-oriented trend. Not only fashion industry but also governments of advanced countries have been playing a leading role to educate the people regarding the importance of sustainable fashion and making large investments to foster industry specialists in educational institution. The aim of this study is to propose sustainable fashion design education program that fits the domestic university curriculum and government-leading education program in order to set the foundation for sustainable fashion industry. Thus, this study investigates successful cases of foreign government-led sustainable fashion education that can be introduced to improve domestic sustainable fashion education. The empirical study of the research is developing 12-15 week university level education program to foster specialists in sustainable fashion. The survey carried out by the students who participated in the program shows the change of perception on sustainable fashion. Developed university level program can be spread to municipal corporation, school of continuing education, and etc. in order to derive participation and problem perception of the citizens on sustainability. Developing systemized sustainable fashion design education program would be the first step of sustainable fashion by educating students who will take the leading role in the future fashion industry. Moreover, it can strongly influence future customer education as well as a special education inducing interest on sustainability in everyday life. A follow-up study is expected to serve as a foundation for sustainable fashion to take root successfully in the fashion industry.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.642-656
• /
• 2011

As a part of the Saemangeum development, the Gunsan Bi-eung port is underway to be developed for a tourism complex. Since the perception and preferences of the residents are one of the most important steps for the project, those were surveyed and analyzed to generate a proposed vitalization plan. Based on the survey, most of residents had negative opinions on the current development and condition as well as the effectiveness of the development in the future. Residents also pointed out that leisure facilities and higher level of accommodation were necessary, and desired a coastal deck in the Bi-eung beach. Therefore, for vitalization of Bi-eung port area, construction of a comprehensive resort with sports and leisure facility is suggested to attract visitors. Also, efforts from residents and administrative supports are required in marketing, advertizement, and sound business environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.84-93
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze the vegetation properties, soil characteristics and ordination of Leontice microrhyncha population in South Korea. The Leontice microrhyncha population was classified into Quercus mongolica dominant population, Morus bombycis dominant population, Fraxinus mandshurica population and Leontice microrhyncha typical dominant. The Leontice microrhyncha population was located at an elevation of 633m to 1,336m in Korea. In the study sites, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphate, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, cation exchange capacity and soil pH were 8.40~10.58%, 0.42~0.61%, 14.15~25.07mg/kg, 0.44~0.59cmol$^+$/kg, 2.35~6.33cmol$^+$/kg, 0.35~0.98cmol$^+$/kg, 26.04~33.48cmol$^+$/kg and 4.69~5.32 respectively. Morus bombycis dominant population was found in the low elevation and gentle sloped area that has high percentage of phosphoric acid and less percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium than other dominant population. Fraxinus mandshurica dominant population and Leontice microrhyncha typical population were found in the comparatively high elevation area that has low percentage of phosphoric acid and high percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium. Quercus mongolica dominant population was found in the medium elevation area that has medium percentage of total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.310-314
• /
• 2011

The Banna miniature pig (BNMP) is a representative miniature pig breed in China. Even though BNMP dwarfism is obvious, its underlying causative mutations remain unknown. In this study, the BNMP and Large White pig (LWP) serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels were detected by ELISA and compared. BNMP serum IGF-1 levels were significantly lower than LWP levels (P<0.05). The miniature condition may arise from mutations in the GH and GH receptor (GHR) genes. Therefore, GH and GHR cDNA from the BNMP were cloned into a pMD18-T vector by RT-PCR using the total RNA obtained from the BNMP's pituitary and liver tissues. Sequencing results indicated that the open reading frame of the BNMP GH gene is composed of a 26-residue signal peptide and a 191-residue mature peptide. The coding sequence of the BNMP GHR gene contained 639 amino acids, including a signal peptide that is 18 amino acids long. Two amino acid substitutions, A09V and R22Q, were found in the signal peptide of the GH gene. Additionally, the S104P mutation was found in the BNMP's mature GH protein. Four mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of GHR may influence the downstream signal transduction of GHR, which needs further experimental evidence.