• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.434-439
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• 2008

Dome stadiums give thermal unpleasant feeling to occupants because of the radiant heat and the indoor and outdoor haet exchange from roogs or lightweight building envelopes of sidewalls. This study analyzed the indoor temperature and velocity distribution according to various air supply and return sustems in dome stadiums in summer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1735-1740
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• 2008

Clone PERV-C (A3) env was isolated from the genomic DNA of domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Korea to investigate the molecular properties of PERV-C. The nucleic acid homologies between the PERV-MSL (type C) reference and the PERV-C(A3) clone was 99% for env, but a single base pair deletion was found in the transmembrane (TM) region of the env open reading frame. To examine the functional characteristics of truncated PERV-C env, we constructed a replication-incompetent retroviral vector by replacing the env gene of the pCL-Eco retrovirus vector with PERV-C env. A retroviral vector bearing PERV-C/A chimeric envelopes was also created to complement the TM defect. Our results indicated that truncated PERV-C env was not infectious in human cells as expected. Interestingly, however, the vector with the PERV-C/A envelope was able to infect 293 cells. This observation suggests that recombination within PERV-C TM could render PERV-C infectious in humans. To further characterize PERV-C/A envelopes, we constructed an infectious molecular clone by using a PCR-based technique. This infectious molecular clone will be useful to examine more specific regions that are critical for human cell tropism.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권11호
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• pp.2954-2972
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• 1998

광대역 종합정보 통신망에서 주문형 비디오 서비스 등의 멀티미디어 서비스가 본격적으로 도입됨에 따라 압축된 비디오의 전송이 전체 통신망 트래픽의 상당 부분을 차지할 것으로 기대된다. 가변 비트율로 부호화된 비디오가 통계적 이득과 일정한 비디오 품질을 제공할 수 있는 장점 때문에 많이 사용이 될 것이다. 비디오 트래픽을 전송하기 위해서는 음성 및 데이터 보다 많은 대역폭을 요구하기 때문에 ATM 통신망에서의 적절한 자원 할당 기법의 설계를 위하여 비디오 소스의 특성화와 트래픽 모델링은 아주 중요하다. 그리고 셀 손실, 지연 및 지터 등과 같은 성능 척도를 분석하기 위하여도 적절한 통계적 소스 모델이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG 비디오 소스에 대한 특성화와 트래픽 모델링에 대하여 분석 기술하였다. 모델들을 크게 두 가지 즉, 통계적 모델과 결정적 모델로 분류하였다. 통계적 모델에서는 AR(autoregnessive), Markov, Markov와 AR의 복합, TES, 그리고 자기유사 모델로 분류하였다. 결정적 모델에서는 $({\sigma},\;{\rho}$, 매개변수화된 모델, D-BND, Empirical Envelopes 모델로 분류하였다. 각 모델들에 대한 특성, 장점 및 단점을 분석하고, 각 모델의 복잡도에 대하여 비교 분석하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2020

진공금속증착법(vacuum metal deposition, 이하 VMD)는 비다공성과 반다공성 표면의 잠재지문을 현출하는데 효과적이다. VMD는 일반적인 기법으로 현출할 수 없거나 어려운 표면에 유류된 지문을 현출하는 경우에서 활용할 수 있다. VMD 기법이 권장되는 표면은 비닐, 폴리머 지폐, 마그네틱 코팅 처리가 된 티켓 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 택배 봉투로 주로 사용되는 분홍색 고밀도 폴리에틸렌 봉투(HDPE)와 저밀도 폴리에틸렌 봉투(LDPE)에 지문을 유류한 뒤 최소 12시간부터 최대 28일이 경과한 지문을 현출하기 위한 금의 최소 투입량을 탐색하였다. 그리고 그 결과를 흑색분말, 형광분말의 효과와 비교하였다. 또한, 실제로 배송에 사용된 택배 봉투를 수거한 다음 HDPE와 LDPE로 분류하고 pseudo-operation test를 시행하였다. 그 결과, VMD는 HDPE와 LDPE 표면에서 비교적 일관된 지문 현출 결과를 보여주었다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2005

We present the high-resolution (2"-4") images of the molecular envelopes surrounding the evolved stars, V Hya, VY CMa, and ${\pi}^1$ Gru observed with the Submillimeter Array. The CO J=2-1 and 3-2 images of the carbon star V Hya show that the circumstellar structure of this star consists of three kinematic components; there is a flattened disk-like envelope that is expanding with a velocity of ${\~}16 km\;s^{-1}$, the second component is the medium-velocity wind having a deprojected velocity of 40-120 km $s^{-l}$ moving along the disk plane, and the third one is the bipolar molecular jet having an extreme velocity of 70-185 km $s^{-l}$. The axis of this high velocity jet is perpendicular to the plane of the disk-like envelope. We found that the circumstellar structure of the S-star ${\pi}^1$ Gru traced by the CO J =2-1 resembles that of V Hya quite closely; the star is surrounded by the expanding disk-like envelope and is driving the medium-velocity wind along the disk plane. We also obtained the excellent images of VY CMa with the CO and $^{13}CO$ J=2-1 and $SO\;6_5-5_4$ lines. The maps of three molecular lines show that the envelope has a significant velocity gradient in the east-west direction, suggesting that the envelope surrounding VY CMa is also flattened and expanding along its radial direction. The high-resolution images obtained with the SMA show that some AGB stars are associated with the asymmetric mass loss including the equatorial wind and bipolar jet.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 변형률 응답 곡선의 형상을 정량적으로 분석하는 새로운 기법을 소개하였다. 변형률 응답 곡선은 응력 공간에서 단위 응력을 입력하였을 때의 발생한 변형률을 변형률 공간에 작성한 이미지이다. 변형률 응답 곡선의 형상 변화 특성을 퓨리에 기술자를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 탄소성 모델 기반으로 그 의미를 해석하였다. 전산해석결과 응력 경로가 항복면 내부에 머물러 탄성 변형만 존재할 경우, 퓨리에 기술자는 일정하게 그 값을 유지하였으나 응력 경로가 항복면에 도달하여 소성변형이 발생하는 순간 퓨리에 기술자는 변화하였다. 불교란 자연 시료와 재성형 시료에 대해 실시한 응력 경로 시험 결과, 자연 시료에 대해서만 응력 경로가 항복면에 도달하였을 때 명확한 변형률 응답 곡선의 형태 변화가 발견되었으며, 퓨리에 기술자 값도 명확하게 변화하였다. 퓨리에 기술자 중, 비대칭성과 관련 있는 퓨리에 기술자 값이 항복 및 점성토 구조변화의 지표로 활용할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2002

We investigated the morphological changes and TUNEL reaction of apoptotic cells in the liver of D-galactosamine (20 mg/mouse) and lipopolysaccharide (5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mouse)-treated 30 mice (BALB/c), and in additioa also of apoptotic cells in kidney and spleen. The livers and other some organs of mice at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs after treatment were collected and were fixed with 10% neutral formalin and paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or terminal deoxynucleotidly transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Morphological changes in apoptotic hepatocytes were chondensation of nuclei and density of cytoplasms, then the margination and pyknosis of chromatin, the formation of half-moon- or horse-shoe- or ship-like shapes of condensed chromatin mass, lastly formation of apoptotic bodies, disappearance of nuclear envelopes, decrease of stainability, then lysis and disappearance of apoptotic bodies. TUNEL positive reactions of hepatocytes were appeared first moderate in uncondensed hepatocytes, severe in condensed hepatocytes, moderate in chromatin-marginated hepatocytes. These reactions also were appeared moderate in hepatocytes with half-moon- or horse-shoe- or ship-like pyknotic chromatin mass or apoptotic bodies, and mild or negative in hepatocytes with lysed apoptotic bodies or with disappeared nuclear envelopes. Consequently these results suggested that TUNEL positive reactions of hepatocytes appeared at more early stages than appearance of chromatin condensation and disappeared at more early stage than disappearance of histological findings of apoptosis. We also confirmed that the differentiation of apoptotic cells from normal healthy cells of Kupffer cells and vascular endothelial cells in liver, reticular cells and lymphocytes in spleen and epithelial cells of tubules and ducts in kidney was impossible in H-E preparations but was possible in TUNEL preparations.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.277-291
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• 1996

The structures of the egg envelope in fertilized eggs of three species of characidae, head and tail light fish (Hemigrammus ocellifer), black tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi), and buenos aires tetra (Hemigrammus caudovittatus) were studied using light and electron microscopes. The fertilized eggs in all species were colorless, transparent, spherical and non-floted type. The egg envelopes have a single micropyle resembling the pathway of sperm in the area of the animal pole. The micropyle was surrounded by protruded lines of the egg envelope in a radiated form. Egg envelopes of fertilized eggs in both head and tail light fish and buenos aires tetra consisted of three distinct layers; an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer. And that of blacktetra consisted of two layers; an outer layer and an inner layer. Also, an outer layers of both head and tail light fish and black tetra were adhesive types but, in that of buenous aires tetra was non-adhesive type. An outer surface of egg envelope in black tetra was arranged by pores regularly. In that of head and tail light fish and buenos aires tetra have a rough side. An inner layer of egg envelope in fertilized eggs consisted of lamellae alternating with interlamellae of lower electron density; an inner layer of fertilized eggs in head and tail light fish consisted of three layers, that of black tetra was four layers, and that of buenos aires tetra was five layers.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2000

U. unicinctus 난자를 대상으로 인공수정 후 수정막 형성에 따른 물질적 기원과 첨체반응 등에 관련된 구조변화에 대하여 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 관찰결과에 의하면 1차 수정막의 물질은 과잉의 정자에 대한 효과적 방어 기능을 보유한 난외막 표층 기원의 물질이었으며, 2차 수정막은 피질과립의 분비에 의하여 형성되었다. 3차 수정막은 광학현미경하에서 특이한 구조의 관찰은 없었으나 전자현미경에 의한 관찰시 많은 입자상 물질들로 구성되었으며, 수정 후 60분에는 이들 입자물질의 응집에 의해서 수정막은 경과되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 1차 수정막과 난외막 표층의 유사성 그리고 1차 수정막의 형성과 미세융모의 퇴화가 동시적인 사건이라는 것은 미세융모가 U. unicinctus에서 정자의 수용체로 작용할 수 있는 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. 첨체소관에 의한 난세포막 침투시 침체 단부에서 과립상의 물질이 표층(surface coat)에 확산되었다. 첨체소관은 첨체의 기부에서 시작되고, 첨체간격을 통하여 신장되었다.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.319-338
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• 2018

High-performing architecture should be designed by taking into account the mutual dependency between the new building and the local context. The performative architecture plays an important role to avert any unforeseen failures after the building has been built; particularly ones related to the microclimate impacts that affect the human comfort. The use of the concept of solar envelopes helps designers to construct the developable mass of the building design considering the solar access and the site obstruction. However, the current analysis method using solar envelopes lack in terms of integrating the detailed information of the existing context during the simulation process. In architectural design, often the current site modelling not only absent in preserving the complex geometry but also information on the surface characteristics. Currently, the emerging applications of point clouds offer a great possibility to overcome these limitations, since they include the attribute information such as XYZ as the position information and RGB as the color information. This study particularly presents a comparative analysis between the manually built 3D models and the models generated from the point cloud data. The modelling comparisons focus on the relevant factors of solar radiation and a set of simulation to calculate the performance indicators regarding selected portions of the models. The experimental results emphasize an introduction of the design approach and the dataset visibility of the 3D existing environments. This paper ultimately aims at improving the current architectural decision of support environment means, by increasing the correspondence between the digital models for performance analysis and the real environments (context of design) during the conceptual design phase.