• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.163-168
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• 2006

동해의 해양 심층수 자원 기반 환경 연구의 일부로 청결기술을 적용하여 해수 중의 용존성 미량금속 (Cd, Co. Cu, Ni. Ph. Zn) 농도 분포와 변화를 조사하였다. 강원과 경북 지역에 총 6개 정점을 선정하고, 각 지역마다 최대 채수 수심 각각 200-300m 와 500m 까지 시료를 채취하였다. 본 연구의 미량금속을 위한 연안해수 표준물질 (CASS-4) 의 분석 결과 각 원소 평균 회수율은 Co의 89.4% 에서 Cd 의 99.8%의 범위였다. 용존 미량원소의 분포는 해역 및 시기적인 변화가 다양하게 나타났다 Cd, Ni, Zn의 경우는 영양염 의존형으로 표층에서 낮고 저층으로 갈수록 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 그러나 Co, Cu, Ph 은 수직적으로 불규칙적인 분포를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 통해 심층수 원수의 중금속 농도는 해역별 수질 기준과 먹는 물 기준을 만족하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analysis the curriculum for educating and operating the classes of elementary science gifted in Incheon Metropolitan Office of Education. We developed the framework for curriculum content analysis based on the principles of curriculum development for gifted education. The developed framework was applied to the curricula of four classes of elementary science gifted in Incheon. And the needs of gifted students were surveyed in the classes of the elementary science gifted. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The current curriculums of two classes described the goal of the elementary gifted education, but the content and theme of the curricula of three classes were not related to the contents of the 7th national curriculum. 2. The teaching methods used in the science gifted class were mainly a lecture and an experimental activity. and there was little the process of individual instruction. 3. There was not mostly the products as the results of learning because of little performed by a project teaming, an announcement and an exhibition in gifted class. 4. Most of the students of the science gifted class were estimated by the paper tests and observation of the teacher in charge of the gifted class, not by the products and presentation etc. 5. They mostly preferred the theme of everyday life in addition to the textbook, and the instructional type of enrichment teaming and acceleration learning over the grade of themselves. 6. They mainly expected that the curriculum of the gifted class is operated during the semester.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 2003

천안 운전리의 청동기 유적지에서 출토된 석기 및 유적지 주변에 분포는 석기와 동일한 암석의 대자율 값은 보통 $0.5(\times10^{-3}\;SI\;unit)$ 이하이나, 섬장암질 석부(2.37), 편암질 석부(0.19) 및 점판암질 석도(0.11)는 노두의 암석과 차이가 있다. 이들을 석기와 근원암석으로 짝을 이루어 원소의 거동과 부화 및 호정성과 불호정성을 이용하여 표준화 하였을때 석기와 암석의 지구화학적 진화경향이 동일한 것으로 보아, 대부분의 석기는 유적지 주변에 분포하는 암석을 원료로 제작하였을 가능성이 상당히 높다. 그러나 일부 석부(편암), 석도(점판암) 및 석촉(셰일)의 구성암석은 운전리 유적지 및 반경 10 km 이내에서 전형적인 산출상태와 분포지역을 확인할 수 없었다. 따라서 운전리 일대의 석기는 현지에서 재료를 구하고 현장에서 제작한 자급형 석기(갈판, 갈돌, 석부)와 다른 지역에서 도입된 외래형 석기(석도, 석촉 및 석부)가 공존하고 있는 것으로 해석된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.714-730
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• 2017

Pre-mRNA splicing further increases protein diversity acquired through evolution. The underlying driving forces for this phenomenon are unknown, especially in terms of gene expression. A rice alternatively spliced transcript detection microarray (ASDM) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) were applied to differentiate the transcriptome of 4 representative organs of Oryza sativa L. cv. Ilmi: leaves, roots, 1-cm-stage panicles and young seeds at 21 days after pollination. Comparison of data obtained by microarray and RNA-Seq showed a bell-shaped distribution and a co-lineation for highly expressed genes. Transcripts were classified according to the degree of organ enrichment using a coefficient value (CV, the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean values): highly variable (CVI), variable (CVII), and constitutive (CVIII) groups. A higher index of the portion of loci with alternatively spliced transcripts in a group (IAST) value was observed for the constitutive group. Genes of the highly variable group showed the characteristics of the examined organs, and alternatively spliced transcripts tended to exhibit the same organ specificity or less organ preferences, with avoidance of 'organ distinctness'. In addition, within a locus, a tendency of higher expression was found for transcripts with a longer coding sequence (CDS), and a spliced intron was the most commonly found type of alternative splicing for an extended CDS. Thus, pre-mRNA splicing might have evolved to retain maximum functionality in terms of organ preference and multiplicity.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2009년도 한국우주과학회보 제18권2호
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• pp.30.2-30.2
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• 2009

There is a growing body of evidence for the presence of multiple stellar populations in some globular clusters, including NGC 1851. For most of these peculiar globular clusters, however, the evidence for the multiple red giant-branches (RGBs) having different heavy elemental abundances as observed in $\omega$ Centauri is hitherto lacking, although spreads in some lighter elements are reported. It is therefore not clear whether they also share the suggested dwarf galaxy origin of $\omega$ Cen or not. Here we show from the CTIO 4m UVI photometry of the globular cluster NGC 1851 that its RGB is clearly split into two in the U - I color. The two distinct RGB populations are also clearly separated in the abundance of heavy elements as traced by Calcium, suggesting that the type II supernovae enrichment is also responsible, in addition to the pollutions of lighter elements by intermediate mass asymptotic giant branch stars or fast-rotating massive stars. The RGB split, however, is not shown in the V - I color, as indicated by previous observations. Our stellar population models show that this and the presence of bimodal horizontal-branch distribution in NGC 1851 can be naturally reproduced if the metal-rich second generation stars are also enhanced in helium.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.829-835
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• 2011

A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) has been developed as a new approach for the extraction of trace copper in water and beverage samples followed by the determination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In the DLLME-SFO, 8-hydroxy quinoline, 1-dodecanol, and methanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, respectively. The experimental parameters related to the DLLME-SFO such as the type and volume of the extraction and dispersive solvent, extraction time, sample volume, the concentration of chelating agent and salt addition were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor for copper was 122. The method was linear in the range from 0.5 to $300\;ng\;mL^{-1}$ of copper in the samples with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9996 and a limit of detection of $0.1\;ng\;mL^{-1}$. The method was applied to the determination of copper in water and beverage samples. The recoveries for the spiked water and beverage samples at the copper concentration levels of 5.0 and $10.0\;ng\;mL^{-1}$ were in the range between 92.0% and 108.0%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) varied from 3.0% to 5.6%.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2018

Pagodas in Myanmar can be largely divided into Zedi and Pato. Zedi is a developed form of the early domed pagodas in India and Sri Lanka, which can be found in the introduction of Buddhism in Myanmar and the comparison of early pagodas in India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. On the other hand, Pato is where statues of Buddha were enshrined, which is why many scholars referred to it as a temple. However, this study proposes that Pato shall be referred to as a temple-style pagoda in a form unique to Myanmar, based on the origin of Pato, definition of pagodas, and Sarira Enrichment Record of Pato. Moreover, it seems more appropriate to name this type of structure Stupa Temple(塔殿) or Stupa Shrine(塔堂) rather than a Buddhist temple(佛殿) or Buddhist shrine(佛堂) for clear distinction. Pato, or temple-style pagodas, has a ${\acute{S}}ikhara-style$ structure at the center like Ananda Pato upon entering the Pagan (Bagan) kingdom period, on which Zedi-style structures are built. As a result of examining the integration of various Buddhist schools and religions focused on Theravada during the period of King Anawrahta and King Kyanzittha, the ${\acute{S}}ikhara-style$ structure is a symbolic representation of the fact that Theravada embraced Hinduism. The common features shared by pagodas in Myanmar are the centrality of place and the verticality of $y{\check{a}}ngti{\bar{a}}n$ (looking up to the sky) in terms of shape. All temples are placed at the most important and central space, and their forms represent strong religious $y{\check{a}}ngti{\bar{a}}n$ and verticality. These are the features that stand out most among various pagodas in Buddhist countries.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2015

Recent narrow-band Ca photometry discovered two distinct red giant branch (RGB) populations in some massive globular clusters (GCs) including M22, NGC 1851, and NGC 288. In order to investigate the differences in light/heavy elements abundances between the two subpopulations, we have performed low-resolution spectroscopy for stars on the two RGBs in these GCs. We find a significant difference (more than $4{\sigma}$) in calcium abundance from the spectroscopic HK' index for both M22 and NGC 1851. We also find a more than $8{\sigma}$ difference in CN band strength between the Ca-strong and Ca-weak subpopulations. For NGC 288, however, we detect the presence of a large difference only in the CN strength. The calcium abundances of the two subpopulations in this GC are identical within errors. We also find interesting differences in CN-CH relations among these GCs. While CN and CH indices are correlated in M22, they show an anti-correlation in NGC 288. However, NGC 1851 shows no difference in CH between two groups of stars having different CN strengths. The CN bimodality in these GCs could be explained by pollution from intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars and/or fast-rotating massive stars. For the presence or absence of calcium bimodality and the differences in CN-CH relations, we suggest these would be best explained by how strongly type II supernovae enrichment has contributed to the chemical evolutions of these GCs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2002

The KN-12 cask is designed to transport 12 PWR spent nuclear fuels and to comply with the requirements of Korea Atomic Energy Act, IAEA Safety Standards Series No.57-1 and US 10 CFR Part 71 for a Type B(U)F package. It provides containment, radiation shielding, structural integrity, criticality control and heat removal for normal transport and hypothetical accident conditions. W.H 14$\times$14, 16$\times$16 and 17$\times$17 fuel assemblies with maximum allowable initial enrichment of 5.0 wt.%, maximum average burn-up of 50,000 MWD/MTU and minimum cooling time of 7 years being used in Korea will be loaded and subsequently transported under dry and wet conditions. A forged cylindrical cask body which constitutes the containment vessel is closed by a cask lid. Polyethylene rods for neutron shielding are arranged in two rows of longitudinal bore holes in the cask body wall. A fuel basket to accommodate up to 12 PWR fuel assemblies provides support of the fuels, control of criticality and a path to dissipate heat. Impact limiters to absorb the impact energy under the hypothetical accident conditions are attacked at the top and at the bottom side of the cask during transport. Handling weight loaded with water is 74.8 tons and transport weight loaded with water with the impact limiters is 84.3 tons. The cask will be licensed in accordance with Korea Atomic Energy Act 3nd fabricated in Korea in accordance with ASME B&PV Code Section 111, Division 3.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2002

본 논문은 비유전율이 100 이상으로 제작된 Ti-Si-Al형 세라믹 촉매 방전관에 전원 전압 4 ～6［kV］, 구동 주파수0.6～1.0［kHz］를 방전관 전극에 인가하여 오존 농도와 수율을 측정한 것이다. 측정 결과 구동 주파수 600［Hz］, 유량 2［1/min］, 동작 압력 1.6［atm］, 방전관 주위 온도 20［$^{\circ}C$］에서 산소 원료의 경우, 오존 발생 농도는 50～60［g/㎥］이었고, 오존 발생 수율은 180(g/kWh)로 나타났다. 그리고 반응기 내부 온도 또는 유입 가스 온도가 낮을수록 오존 수율은 상승하였다.