• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2014

Autophagy is a series of catabolic process mediating the bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles through formation of a double-membrane vesicle, known as an autophagosome, and fusing with lysosome. Autophagy plays an important role of death-survival decisions in neuronal cells, which may influence to several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Chebulagic acid, the major constituent of Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica, is a benzopyran tannin compound with various kinds of beneficial effects. This study was performed to investigate the autophagy enhancing effect of chebulagic acid on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. We determined the effect of chebulagic acid on expression levels of autophagosome marker proteins such as, DOR/TP53INP2, Golgi-associated ATPase Enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE 16) and Light chain 3 II (LC3 II), as well as those of its upstream pathway proteins, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Beclin-1. All of those proteins were modulated by chebulagic acid treatment in a way of enhancing the autophagy. Additionally in our study, chebulagic acid also showed a protective effect against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ($MPP^+$) - induced cytotoxicity which mimics the pathological symptom of Parkinson's disease. This effect seems partially mediated by enhanced autophagy which increased the degradation of aggregated or misfolded proteins from cells. This study suggests that chebulagic acid is an attractive candidate as an autophagy-enhancing agent and therefore, it may provide a promising strategy to prevent or cure the diseases caused by accumulation of abnormal proteins including Parkinson's disease.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.782-788
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• 1997

This study was designed to characterize glucose-enhancing effects on endotoxin-induced prostaglandin production in primary cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). High glucose treatment significantly augmented prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated VSMC and this effect was maximal at the concentration of 4mg/ml. It has been reported that increases in glucose metabolism through sorbitol pathway could alter the cytosolic $NADH/NAD^+$ ratio and this change favors de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) and, in turn. Results in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in vascular tissues. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, staurosporin and H7, blocked the glucose enhancing effect, and DAG, a PKC activator, significantly increased the PG production stimuated by LPS. Sodium pyruvate, which can reverse the alteration in cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, reduced the high glucose effect on PG production. And also, zopolrestat, a strong aldose reductase inhibitor, almost completely blocked the augmentation effect of glucose on PG synthesis. Arachidonic acid release was significantly increased in high glucose treated group, which implied the increase in $PLA_2$ activity was associated with glucose enhancing effect. Metabloic, labeling study clearly showed that de novo synthesis of prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) is greatly increased in high glucose treated group and this was mitigated by the treatment of zopolrestat. Taken together, the activation of PKC through sorbitol pathway increased the activities of $PLA_2$ and PGHS which resulted in the augmentation in LPS-induced PG production in high glucose treated VSMC.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.35-39
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• 2005

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1762-1768
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• 2004

The Korean formula medicine, Gami-Yukmi-Jihwang-Tang (GYJT) has been used for growing slowly, short of stature, incomplete development, fatigue, weak child, growing pain of child. However, it is still unclear how GYJT has an effect on experimental models. In the present study, the author investigated the immune-enhancing effect of GYJT. Forced swimming test (FST) was performed as a model of activity test in mice and measured blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (Glc) and total protein (TP) in the serum. GYJT (1, 0.1 and 0.01 g/㎏) were orally administered to mice, once per day for 7 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. After 3 days, on FST, the immobility time was significantly decreased in the GYJT (0.01g/㎏/day)-fed group (120.75±5.71s) in comparison with the saline-fed group (153.80±10.74s). After 7 days, the immobility time was significantly decreased in the GYJT (0.1 and 0.01g/㎏/day)-fed group (125.67±5.36s and 107.67±3.71s) in comparison with the saline-fed group (167.67±12.99s). In addition, the contents of BUN and Glc in the blood serum were significantly decreased and the contents of AST, ALT and LDH were also decreased in the GYJT (1g/㎏/day)-fed group. However, the content of TP was not changed. The present results suggest that GYJT may be useful for the anti-fatigue and immune-enhancing agent. Also, the author investigated the effect of GYJT on the production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells. However, GYJT has not affected the production of IFN­γ, IL-2, IL-4. These results suggest that GYJT has immune-enhancing effect but does not affect T cell-mediated production of cytokines in the immune function improvement.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

We discuss main techniques to improve legibility of electroluminescent displays. Emphasis is placed on use of destructive optical interference to cancel ambient light reflected from the back electrode of the device. Basic optical principles and material composition of the optical interference contrast-enhancing stack (CES) are presented. We also describe the improved human factors of electroluminescent devices assisted with a CES. Achromatic contrast is the most important contributor to display's legibility. In some conditions color contrast may also be important. Contributing to both luminance and color contrast enhancement, the contrast-enhancing stack may play an important role in various display applications.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2022

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the impact of having a usual source of care on health behaviors of the middle aged and the elderly, in order to investigate the potential effect of enhancing primary health care in a Korean context. Methods: This study constructed a balanced panel of middle-aged and elderly samples using the Korea Health Panel 2016-2018, and fixed-effect models were used to analyze the data. Results: Among three sets of dependent variables (physical activity, smoking, drinking), statistically significant results were found only in physical activity. Subgroup analysis showed that this effect was not observed in the late elderly (aged 75 and older) and those without chronic diseases. Conclusion: Results of the study implied that enhancing primary health care among middle age and the elderly may have an effect on improving health behaviors. Moving forward to person-centered primary health care from disease-focused primary health care should be considered in high-risk groups such as the middle aged and the elderly with chronic diseases.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.615-636
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• 2018

본 연구는 균형적 시간관과 주관적 안녕감과의 관계에서 행복증진활동의 매개효과를 성인초기와 중년후기를 중심으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 부산·경남에 거주하는 25세 이상 35세 이하의 성인초기 성인 192명과 55세 이상 65세 이하의 중년후기 성인 180명을 대상으로 균형적 시간관, 행복증진활동, 주관적 안녕감(삶의 만족도, 긍정정서 및 부정정서)을 측정하였다. 변인들 간의 매개효과 분석 결과, 성인초기와 중년후기 모두 균형적 시간관이 행복증진활동을 통해 주관적 안녕감에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 행복증진활동의 하위 유형으로 나눠서 살펴보면, 성인초기의 균형적 시간관과 주관적 안녕감의 관계에서 성취지향적 활동과 개인적 관계중심 활동의 매개효과가 유의하였고, 중년후기에서는 개인적 관계중심활동의 매개효과가 유의하였다. 본 연구는 성인초기와 중년후기 성인을 대상으로 과거와 현재, 미래의 '균형 잡힌' 시간관이 행복을 증진하기 위한 활동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 세대 간에 나타나는 행복증진활동의 차이를 살펴보고자 했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.187-190
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• 2002

Reductive dechlorination of endosulfans was studied with zero valent metals (ZVMs) and bimetals in aqueous batch reactors. The effect of surfactants was evaluated. Endosulfan was successfully dechlorinated with zero valent iron. However, a bimetal, palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) showed a highly enhanced reactivity for both endosulfan I and II indicating palladium act as a dechlorination catalyst on the iron. The effect of surfactants on degradation with ZVM has been very controvertible. Variable concentration of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 and an anionic surfactant, SDS were added into the reactor with ZVM. The reaction rates of endosulfan were increased with both surfactants. In the case of Triton X-100, the reaction rate was increased with the increasing surfactant concentration up to 400 mg/L. Addition of small amount of surfactant under the CMC, the reaction rate was increased. However, the enhancing effect was diminished when a higher concentration of surfactant (1,000 mg/L) was used. Current study implicate that the surfactant adsorbed on the metal surface might increase the surface concentration of endosulfan resulting in the increased reaction rate. However, partitioning of endosulfan into the micelle formed at the high concentration of surfactant diminish the enhancing effect by reducing the contact chance between target compound and the metal surface.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Ji-Jang-Soo (JJS) is known to have a detoxification effect. However, it is still unclear how JJS has these effects in experimental models. In this study, we investigated the effect of JJS on the viability of cells and production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells, and human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. The MOLT-4 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of JJS. As the result, JJS (1/100 dilution) significantly increased the cell viability about 78% (P < 0.05) and also increased the interleukin (IL)-2, and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ production compared with media control at 24 h. But had no effect on IL-4 production. Hypoxia mimic compound, desferroxamine (DFX) decreased the immune cell viability. Cell viability decreased by DFX was increased by JJS. In conclusion, these data indicate that JJS may have an immune-enhancing effect.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1983

The effect of protein constituents of six-year old fresh Panax ginseng root on chick embryonic brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle dissociation cultures was studied. The protein constituents showed the enhancing effect on cultured brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle cells. The neurite formation from brain and spinal cord cells and the outgrowth of neurite seemed to be enhanced by almost all of the protein constituents employed for this study. The maturation of skeletal muscle cells was stimulated by the protein constituents. This enhancing effect of the protein constituents was more vivid when brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle cells were cultured with a medium which did not contain chick embryonic extracts known as an essential component for primary cell culture. The protein fraction having molecular weight range of 1,000 to 5,000 out of all the protein fractions employed for this study showed the most stimulatory effect on cultured brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle cells.