• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.827-841
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• 2019

The effect of genetically engineered rice Bt-9 on the diversity and abundance of plant-dwelling insects and spiders was tested under field conditions. Genetically engineered rice Bt-9, expressing mCry1Ac1 from Bacillus thuringiensis, confers resistance to rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and provides tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate (PPT). The study compared Bt-9 and two non-GM reference varieties, Ilmi-byeo and Dongjin-byeo, at LMO isolated fields in Gunwi (Kyungpook National University) and Jeonju (National Institute Agricultural Sciences) in Southern Korea in 2016 - 2017. A total of 40,817 individuals from 62 families and 11 orders were collected from the two living modified organism (LMO) isolated fields. From the three types of rice fields, a total of 13,982, 14,105, and 12,730 individuals from the Bt-9, Ilmi-byeo and Dongjin-byeo were collected, respectively. Throughout the study, the analysis of variance indicated no significant differences (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the abundance and diversity of plant dwelling insects were similar. The data on insect species population densities were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), which did not distinguish among the three varieties, Bt-9 and the non-GM, reference cultivars, during the cultivation years. However, the results of the PCA analysis were completely divided into four groups based on the yearly survey areas. Therefore, there was no evidence for a negative impact of Bt-9 on the above-ground insects and spiders.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 1992

A laboratory bioassay that incorporates Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) purified crystal protein toxins into an artificial diet has identified three toxins, CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and CryIIA, to by effective against the yellow stemborer, Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker). Research is aimed at engineering rice that incorporates genes of one of or more of these toxins so as to mimic the insecticidal action of the insect to Bt. The paper discusses potential strategies for slowing the rate of adaptation that include the use of multiple Bt toxins, promoters that express the toxins only in specific plant tissues at specific times, and mixing transgenic and non-transgenic plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2015

This is the first study reporting the evaluation of transgenic lines of tomato harboring rice chitinase (RCG3) gene for resistance to two important fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) causing fusarium wilt and Alternaria solani causing early blight (EB). In this study, three transgenic lines TL1, TL2 and TL3 of tomato Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Riogrande genetically engineered with rice chitinase (RCG 3) gene and their R1 progeny was tested for resistance to Fol by root dip method and A. solani by detached leaf assay. All the R0 transgenic lines were highly resistant to these fungal pathogens compared to nontransgenic control plants. The pattern of segregation of three independent transformant for Fol and A. solani was also studied. Mendelian segregation was observed in transgenic lines 2 and 3 while it was not observed in transgenic line 1. It was concluded that introduction of chitinase gene in susceptible cultivar of tomato not only enhanced the resistance but was stably inherited in transgenic lines 2 and 3.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 1997

The impact of plant genetic engineering, a technology born in the early 1980's, is beginning to be felt across the world in the 1990's. The first wave of engineered plant produce are reaching consumers in the supermarket and many more are destined to follow Transformation technology now exists for most plant, including the four staple crops-maize, wheat, rice, and soybean. Early targets of genetic engineering include plane possessing insect resistance and herbicide tolerance, with future goals set on increasing harvestable yield, improving nutritional quality, and making specialty products. This review describes some of the milestones in plant biotechnology, the U.S. regulatory agencies, field trial numbers and deregulated plants, commercialization criteria, examples of commercialized plants, and future prospects of plant biotechnology.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.572-576
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.511-520
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• 2022

Insect-resistant transgenic rice (Bt-T) expresses a toxic protein (mcry1Ac1) derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis found in the rice cultivar Dongjin with an insecticidal property against rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). In this study, to investigate the impact of Bt-T on non-target organisms, the feed and oviposition preferences and biological parameters of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) were comparatively analyzed in four rice cultivars: Dongjin (parent variety), Ilmi (reference cultivar), Chinnong (brown planthopper resistant cultivar) and Bt-T. In the Bt-T and Dongjin cultivars, the feed preferences were 32.4 ± 8.3 and 34.1 ± 6.8%, and the oviposition preferences were 32.5 ± 5.1 and 30.0 ± 5.3% respectively, and there was no statistical significance between these rices. Additionally, in the Bt-T and Dongjin cultivars, the total lifespans from egg to adult were 39.5 ± 6.9 and 40.0 ± 5.8 days, and the weights of adult females were 1.78 ± 0.14 and 1.72 ± 0.16 mg, respectively. Therefore, there was no statistical difference in the biological parameters between these two varieties. Overall, the results indicate that the insect-resistant transgenic rice (Bt-T) did not negatively affect the reproduction and life cycle of brown planthopper, a non-target organism.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2016

We already reported that genetically engineered resveratrol-enriched rice (RR) showed to down-regulate skin melanogenesis. To be developed to increase the bioactivity of RR using calli from plants, RR was adopted for mass production using plant tissue culture technologies. In addition, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was used to increase the biocompatibility and penetration of the calli from RR into the skin. We aimed to develop anti-melanogenic agents incorporating calli of RR (cRR) and nanoparticles by high-pressure homogenization, examining the synergistic effects on the inhibition of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. Depigmentation was observed following topical application of micro-cRR, nano-calli of normal rice (cNR), and nano-cRR to ultraviolet B (UVB)-stimulated hyperpigmented guinea pig dorsal skin. Colorimetric analysis, tyrosinase immunostaining, and Fontana-Masson staining for UVB-promoted melanin were performed. Nano-cRR inhibited changes in the melanin color index caused by UVB-promoted hyperpigmentation, and demonstrated stronger anti-melanogenic potential than micro-cRR. In epidermal skin, nano-cRR repressed UVB-promoted melanin granules, thereby suppressing hyperpigmentation. The UVB-enhanced, highly expressed tyrosinase in the basal layer of the epidermis was inhibited by nano-cRR more prominently than by micro-cRR and nano-cNR. The anti-melanogenic potency of nano-cRR also depended on pH and particle size. Nano-cRR shows promising potential to regulate skin pigmentation following UVB exposure.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.28-31
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• 2014

Loss of chlorophyll is the visible symptom of leaf senescence and staygreen refers to the delayed leaf senescence in plants. The staygreen gene (SGR) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been identified as its mutation maintains greenness during leaf senescence, and encodes a chloroplast protein required for the initiation of chlorophyll breakdown in plants. In this study, we isolated a rice SGR-homologous gene in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), and transgenic creeping bentgrass plants were obtained by introducing pCAMBIA3301 vector harboring antisense SGR gene under control of the senescence-specific SAG12 promoter. Transgenic plants were selected by herbicide resistance assays and genomic integration of the transgenes was confirmed by PCR analysis. Subsequent analyses demonstrated the staygreen phenotype of the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants with decreased chlorophyll loss during leaf senescence. These results suggest that the antisense SGR expression in creeping bentgrass delays leaf senescence, which provides a way to develop genetically engineered turfgrass varieties with the commercially useful staygreen trait.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop of macro-protocol and the biosafety guide for 'Nakdong', and 'Golden Rice' (genetically modified vitamin A rice) by large scale field trial of GM crops. Typically, when a new GM crop is created, breeders should conduct field test to make sure the GM crop is safe, and provide some information on GM crops for approval. A total of isolated 4,700 $m^2$ field for trial of GM crops were prepared, and 'Nakdong' and 'Golden rice' were cultivated by standard method of RDA (Rural Development Administration, Korea). Field studies indicated that the population densities of insect pests and natural enemies have no difference between two varieties. While insect pest density on 'Nakdong' was slightly higher than on Golden Rice, but natural enemy density on Golden Rice was a little higher. These results provided the insect diversity for risk assessment analysis of Golden Rice and suggested that the macro-protocol could be useful to detect GM plants.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

Plant abiotic stress tolerance has been modulated by engineering the trehalose synthesis pathway. However, many stress-tolerant plants that have been genetically engineered for the trehalose synthesis pathway also show abnormal development. The metabolic intermediate trehalose 6-phosphate has the potential to cause aberrations in growth. To avoid growth inhibition by trehalose 6-phosphate, we used a gene that encodes a bifunctional in-frame fusion (BvMTSH) of maltooligosyltrehalose synthase (BvMTS) and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (BvMTH) from the nonpathogenic bacterium Brevibacterium helvolum. BvMTS converts maltooligosaccharides into maltooligosyltrehalose and BvMTH releases trehalose. Transgenic rice plants that over-express BvMTSH under the control of the constitutive rice cytochrome c promoter (101MTSH) or the ABA-inducible Ai promoter (105MTSH) show enhanced drought tolerance without growth inhibition. Moreover, 101MTSH and 105MTSH showed an ABA-hyposensitive phenotype in the roots. Our results suggest that over-expression of BvMTSH enhances drought-stress tolerance without any abnormal growth and showes ABA hyposensitive phenotype in the roots.