• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.429-447
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• 2020

The considered simulation tasks are based on an electrometallurgical process development strategy and associated telemanipulator simulation systems are proposed with various scales of experimental facilities. Fundamentally, target facilities are assumed to be operated only by remote handling systems because the considered process is operated in hazardous environments. Futhermore, the feasibility at various scales should be experimentally verified with gradual increase in throughput. In this regard, bench, engineering, and pilot-scale simulation systems are important early-stage tools for assessing the practical operability of the target process with the material handling systems. Such simulation systems are highly customized for applications and are a precursor to larger pilot and demonstration-scale plants. This paper introduced and classified the developed simulator systems for this approach at various scales using remote handling systems which were assembled inside a virtual target facility, and the manmachine interface was included for a more realistic operation of the simulator. The results obtained for each simulator show the feasibility and requirement for improvement of the systems for the considered test issues with respect to the operation and maintenance of the process.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2017

Mesoscale simulation은 원자의 그룹을 묶어서 하나의 단위로서 계산을 수행하는 전산모사 기술로 $ns{\sim}{\mu}s$의 시간 및 $nm{\sim}{\mu}m$의 크기까지 모사가 가능하다. 이러한, mesoscale simulation에는 (1) 입자 자체의 움직임을 계산하여 시스템을 모사하는 particle-based mesoscale, (2) 입자의 움직임이 아닌 chemical potential filed나 density field 등의 변화를 계산하여 시스템을 모사하는 field theory 등의 방법 등이 있는데, 두 방법 모두 고분자의 거시적 특성을 살펴보기 위한 강력한 전산모사 기술로서, 에너지-환경 분야용 고분자 분리막의 다양한 응용분야에서 활용되고 있다. 기존에는 주로 블록 공중합체 분야에서 연구결과들이 보고되었으나, 최근 들어 실제 고분자 분리막의 제조 조건 등을 모사한 연구 결과와 같이 좀 더 응용 분야에 가까운 다양한 에너지-환경용 고분자 분리막 관련 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이온 교환막의 경우에는 이온 전달 채널 형성을 분석 및 예측하기 위한 다양한 mesoscale simulation 결과들이 발표되고 있고, 최근에는 CNT, graphene 등의 나노 첨가물 소재에 대한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 mesoscale simulation 관련 연구에 대한 동향을 정리하고, 어떤 분야에서 유용하게 활용 가능한지 제시하며, 에너지-환경 분야에 종사하는 분리막 연구자들이 mesoscale simulation 기술에 좀 더 쉽게 다가갈 수 있는 기회를 제공하고자 한다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2015

Purpose: Since most simulation programs take the interface that lists up all the input variables representing all the functionalities, users must know where design variables of an Energy Conservation Measure (ECM) are located and also know what values are appropriate. This is why practitioner designers feel frustrated when they attempt to use simulation. The final objective of this study is to provide a building energy modeling guideline for practitioners in various fields such as architectural design and MEP. Method: As the first step of the modeling guideline, this study provides the Level of Detail (LOD) for simulation modeling of primary ECMs considering the design information available in each design phase. It is prepared by literature review, simulation functionality investigation, and field experts' survey. Result: The proposed simulation LOD offers a milestone at each design phases concerning what design variable and attributes need to be developed with how much of details in order to meet the project goal. Also each design team can set up a simulation usecase considering organizational characteristics based on the proposed LOD.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2009

The evolution of a high burnup structure (HBS) in a light water reactor (LWR) $UO_2$ fuel was simulated using the Potts model. A simulation system for the Potts model was defined as a two-dimensional triangular lattice, for which the stored energy was calculated from both the irradiation damage of the $UO_2$ matrix and the formation of a grain boundary in the newly recrystallized small HBS grains. In the simulation, the evolution probability of the HBS is calculated by the system energy difference between before and after the Monte Carlo simulation step. The simulated local threshold burnup for the HBS formation was 62 MWd/kgU, consistent with the observed threshold burnup range of 60-80 MWd/kgU. The simulation revealed that the HBS was heterogeneously nucleated on the intergranular bubbles in the proximity of the threshold burnup and then additionally on the intragranular bubbles for a burnup above 86 MWd/kgU. In addition, the simulation carried out under a condition of no bubbles indicated that the bubbles played an important role in lowering the threshold burnup for the HBS formation, thereby enabling the HBS to be observed in the burnup range of conventional high burnup fuels.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 2000

A sizing of sensible and latent energy recovery system with condensing heat exchanger is important to the design of a thermally controlled facilities. The transient system simulation program TRNSYS 14.2/IISiBat has been used to evaluate the energy consumptions of a thermally controlled facilities which consist of boiler, chiller and condensing heat exchanger, The boiler and chiller are selected based on the annual peak loads and controlled to maintain the setting temperature of $14~17^{\circ}C$. Simulation shows that the amount of sensible and latent energy recovered by heat exchanger is almost 20% of total heating load.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 에너지변화시스템부문
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• pp.256-258
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• 2009

현재 상용화되어 있는 결정질 태양전지의 경우 높은 실리콘 가격으로 인해 저가격화에 어려움을 격고 있다. 따라서 태양전지 저가화의 한 방법으로 박막태양전지가 주목을 받고 있다. P-I-N 구조의 박막태양전지에서 각 층의 thickness, activation energy, energy bandgap은 고효율 달성을 위한 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 박막태양전지 p-layer의 가변을 통하여 고효율을 달성하기 위한 simulation을 수행하였다. 가변 조건으로는 thickness $5\sim25nm$, activation energy $0.3\sim0.6$ eV 그리고 energy bandgap $1.6\sim1.8$ eV까지 단계별로 변화시켰다. 최종 simulation 결과 p-layer의 thickness 5nm, activation energy 0.3 eV 그리고 energy bandgap 1.8 eV에서 최고 효율 11.08%를 달성하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2012

A phase-change material is a substance with a high heat of fusion which, melting and freezing at a certain temperature, is capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy. Heat is absorbed or released when the material changes from solid to liquid. Therefore, PCMs are classified as latent heat storage (LHS) units. The purpose of this study is to analyze PCM wallboard design parameters using dynamic energy simulation. Among the factors of PCM, melting temperature, latent heat, phase change range, thermal conductivity are very important element to maximize thermal energy storage. In order to analyze these factors, EnergyPlus which is building energy simulation provided by department of energy from the U.S is used. heat balance algorithm of energy simulation is conduction finite difference and enthalpy-temperature function is used for analyzing latent heat of PCM. The results show that in the case of melting temperature, the thermal energy storage could be improved when the melting temperature is equal to indoor surface temperature. It seems that when the phase change range is wide, PCM can store heat at a wide temperature, but the performance of heat storage is languished.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2001

The greenhouse heating system using solar energy has been realized in the protective agriculture in this study in order to analyse the thermal energy characteristics of the system the effects of ambient air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidities and water content of ambient air on the greenhouse air temperature were investigated through computer simulation experimental analysis for validation of the simulation. The results from this study are summarized as follows: 1) The expected values of inside air temperature for the system solar energy were very much close to the experimental values. 2) In the system using solar energy, the expected values of daytime surface temperature of soil by computer simulation were very much similar to the measured values, but those of nighttime were higher than the measured value by almost $2.5^{\circ}C$. 3) Heat loss of daytime was found to be larger than that of night time as much as 2.0 to 4.2 times for the system using solar energy. 4) In the system using solar energy. while the ambient air temperature varied between $-7^{\circ}C$ and $-3.8^{\circ}C$, the temperature of the inside air was maintained between $0^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$. 5) At the minimum ambient temperature of $-7^{\circ}C$, the temperature of the inside air was $0^{\circ}C$.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2023

This paper presents a molecular dynamics simulation-based numerical investigation of the influence of surface energy on water lubrication. Models composed of a crystalline substrate, half cylindrical tip, and cluster of water molecules are prepared for a tribological-characteristic evaluation. To determine the effect of surface energy on lubrication, the surface energy between the substrate and water molecules as well as that between the tip and water molecules are controlled by changing the interatomic potential parameters. Simulations are conducted to investigate the indentation and sliding processes. Three different normal forces are applied to the system by controlling the indentation depth to examine the influence of normal force on the lubrication of the system. The simulation results reveal that the solid surface's surface energy and normal force significantly affect the behavior of the water molecules and lubrication characteristics. The lubrication characteristics of the water molecules deteriorate with the increasing magnitude of the normal force. At a low surface energy, the water molecules are readily squeezed out of the interface under a load, thus increasing the frictional force. Contrarily, a moderate surface energy prevents expulsion of the water molecules due to squeezing, resulting in a low frictional force. At a high surface energy, although squeezing of the water molecules is restricted, similar to the case of moderate surface energy, dragging occurs at the soil surface-water molecule interface, and the frictional force increases.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.325-331
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• 2009

In this paper, a simulation approach for the optimum design of cogeneration system is described. For the purpose of the systematic analysis, a simulation tool is developed with which the prediction of the energy load, calculation of operation data according to prime mover or capacity of it, and estimation of economic gains can be carried out. As for the criterion of the optimum design, the economic gains by adopting cogeneration system is taken. Based on the capital, operation, and maintenance costs etc, LCC analysis is to be carried out for the scenarios respectively. In this study, the simulation for the apartment complex is performed and the analysis of the results are described in detail. The effects of the operation parameters such as capital cost, fuel cost, and unit cost for the purchase or sale of heat and electricity on overall economy are also be considered by sensitivity study.