• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1836-1842
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• 2010

Sensor network, which is technology to realize the ubiquitous environment, recently, could apply to the field of Mechanic & electronic Security System, Energy management system, Environment monitoring system, Home automation and health care application. However, feature of wireless networking of sensor network is vulnerable to eavesdropping and falsification about message. Presently, PKC(public key cryptography) technique using ECC(elliptic curve cryptography) is used to build up the secure networking over sensor network. ECC is more suitable to sensor having restricted performance than RSA, because it offers equal strength using small size of key. But, for high computation cost, ECC needs to enhance the performance to implement over sensor. In this paper, we propose the optimizing technique for multiplication, core operation in ECC, to accelerate the speed of ECC.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.383-391
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• 2000

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) determination is being used an indicator of the protein-energy balance in dairy herds. A faulty balance can be corrected to optimize milk production and animal health. This parameter is regarded as a potential tool to evaluate suboptimal feeding practices and reproductive disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the response of milk composition by regular feeding analysis and to compared the relationship between MUN and milk protein(MP) and fertility at the insemination period in Holstein dairy cows. Total of 355 artificial insemination (AI) for 150 Holstein cows in the herd were used to examine the relationship between MUN and MP content and conception rate. The AI occured for the cows 50 to 150 day in milk, and MUN and MP concentration were determined using automated infrared procedures. The mean${\pm}$standard deviation of MUN and MP concentration in the herd were $15.6{\pm}2.1mg/dl$ and $3.23{\pm}0.38%$, respectively. MUN contents of bulk milk were increase by elevated crude protein intake. The conception rate was lower in the cows in which the level of MUN was lower than > 8.0mg/dl (10.0%) or > higher than 25mg/dl (15.4%) relative to the cows in MUN content of 12.0~17.9 mg/dl (36.7%) at the time of insemination. Also, lower MP than 3.0% or higher MP than 3.25% were associated with a lower conception rates. Consequently, MUN and MP analyses may be used serve as a monitoring tool of protein and energy nutritional balance to improve reproduction efficiency in Holstein dairy cows.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

In this study, nine heavy metals were analyzed in seaweeds collected from market and laver culture farm of Korea and a food safety assessment were also carried out for these heavy metals. The level of heavy metal concentrations in seaweeds was in the following order: Fe>As>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Hg. Except for zinc and cadmium, seven heavy metals were significantly higher in cultured laver than in processed laver. Significant correlation was observed Cr-Fe in cultured laver and Cu-Zn, Cd-Cu, Cd-Zn and Pb-Ni in processed laver and Cu-Cr, Cu-Zn, Cd-Cr and Ni-Fe in sea tangle and Zn-Fe, Cr-Fe, Cr-Zn, Cd-Ni, Cu-Cd and Cu-Pb in processed sea mustard. Considering differences in heavy metal concentration between processed laver and cultured laver and in correlation among heavy metals, removal efficiency of heavy metals may be attributed to seaweed treatment process. The average weekly intakes of Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe and Hg via seaweeds consumption were about 0.1~7.6% of PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes). Therefore, it was found that heavy metals in the seaweeds were very safe for consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.323-335
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• 2015

Mobile healthcare is a fusion of information technology and biotechnology and is a new type of health management service to keep people's health at anytime and anywhere without regard to time and space. The WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network) technology that collects bio signals and the data analysis and monitoring technology using mobile devices are essential for serving mobile healthcare. WBAN consisting of users with mobile devices meet another WBAN during movement, WBANs transmit data to the other media. Because of WBAN conflict, several nodes transmit data in same time slot so a collision will occur, resulting in the data transmission being failed and need more energy for re-transmission. In this thesis, we proposed a MAC protocol for WBAN with mobility to solve these problems. First, we proposed a superframe structure for WBAN. The proposed superframe consists of a TDMA(Time Division Muliple Access) based contention access phase with which a node can transmit data in its own time slot and a contention phase using CSMA/CA algorithm. Second, we proposed a network merging algorithm for conflicting WBAN based on the proposed MAC protocol. When a WBAN with mobility conflicts with other WBAN, data frame collision is reduced through network reestablishment. Simulations are performed using a Castalia based on the OMNeT++ network simulation framework to estimate the performance of the proposed superframe and algorithms. We estimated the performance of WBAN based on the proposed MAC protocol by comparing the performance of the WBAN based on IEEE 802.15.6. Performance evaluation results show that the packet transmission success rate and energy efficiency are improved by reducing the probability of collision using the proposed MAC protocol.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.310-321
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• 2016

This study describes the spatial distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the fishing ports along Jeju Island. Surface sediment samples from 22 stations revealed the occurrence of 29 species involving the Groups Protoperidinioid (44.8%), Gonyaulacoid (31.0%), Calciodineloid (10.3%), Gymnodinioid (6.9%), Diplosalid (3.5%) and Tuberculodinioid (3.5%). The cyst abundance recorded here is very low ($13{\sim}220cysts\;g-dry^{-1}$) as compared to Korean coastal regions. The abundance of heterothophic cysts increased in several fishing pots with fine sediments and anthropogenic tidal pools. And cyst abundance was well correlated with the grain-size composition of surface sediments. The dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in Jeju fishing ports were characterized by the dominant species, cyst of Gymnodinium sp., cyst of Pyrodinium bahamense and cyst of Scrippsiella trochoidea in 2012, Protoperidinium sp. (Brigantedinium sp.), cyst of Scrippsiella sp./trochoidea and cyst of Gymnodinium sp. in 2014, and Protoperidinium sp. (Echinidinium sp. and Brigantedinium sp.) in 2016. The advent of the toxic dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense were recorded for the first time in Jeju coastal waters. As a results, we are determined should be to monitoring and management measures for new toxic dinoflegallates from tropical or subtropical reigions and anthropogenic tidal pools by industrial activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.122-129
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• 2017

This study presents the results from a technical analysis of a portal system that is compatible with MRV regulations and utilized to examine energy efficiency in international shipping, in relation to the implementation of a mandatory data collection system by the International Maritime Organization. The details of the SEEMP guidelines, including the data collection system and methods for collecting data on fuel use, were reviewed. Strategies for domestic shipping companies toward MRV have been recommended by identifying differences with the EU MRV, and the technical adequacy of the MRV system was assessed. The MRV system enhances cost and work efficiency by managing emissions data from the early stage to the final stage. It is capable of collecting and reporting emissions data while adhering to the reporting procedures of shipping companies. By granting different access privileges to users, the system supports shipping companies in their data collection and reporting, and also supports verifiers in their data verification activities. Moreover, it makes possible the submission of reports in electronic from, thereby enabling shipping companies to adopt an integrated response to international MRV regulations.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.206-230
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• 2024

Background: The advancement of information and communication technology acts as a key driver in the implementation of smart cities. Smart Public Facilities leverage this technological progress to innovate urban operations, optimizing various city functions, enhancing the quality of public services, and improving citizens' accessibility and convenience. These Smart Public Facilities are introduced for the sustainable development of cities and the enhancement of citizens' quality of life. Method: This study systematically analyzed the public design policies of local governments and examined the use cases of Smart Public Facilities domestically and internationally to evaluate their functions and roles. Through this, the effectiveness and sustainability of public design policies were comprehensively reviewed, and the impact of Smart Public Facilities on urban operations and citizens' lives was analyzed from multiple perspectives. Results: The introduction of Smart Public Facilities significantly enhances the implementation and efficiency of public design policies, playing a crucial role in sustainable urban development and improving citizens' quality of life. Furthermore, positive impacts were observed in various areas such as energy management, transportation systems, and environmental monitoring. Major challenges included managing technological changes, ensuring data privacy and cybersecurity, and strengthening citizen participation. Conclusion: Smart Public Facilities serve as essential infrastructure for improving urban efficiency, sustainability, and citizens' quality of life. Successful implementation and operation require systematic management and citizen participation. Through this, Smart Public Facilities will support sustainable urban development and play a critical role in responding to environmental changes. To ensure that Smart Public Facilities function effectively as urban infrastructure, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate their impact on the efficiency of public design policies, sustainability, citizens' quality of life, and the local economy, and to suggest concrete measures for their introduction and operation.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.569-611
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• 2018

Rapid economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization of China have tremendously degraded the overall quality of living environments, especially the air quality, not only negatively affecting Chinese people but also impacting citizens of neighboring countries, namely Korea. The Chinese government has invested much effort to regulate the air pollution due to burning coal through introducing strict environmental monitoring policies and aggressive implementation. This paper presents an overview of Chinese air pollution prevention policy due to burning coal, and the associated trends and specifics of institutional arrangements regarding air pollutant emission regulations. It turns out that the policies have become stricter than before; some polices are geared towards enforcing extra regulation at the regional level. It is expected that the regulation will become stricter in the future. However, the actual contribution and feasibility of such policies must be analyzed based on sound science. The policies seem to care little about influencing the air quality of Korea, and this has to be improved. In order to do so, it is important to strengthen environmental cooperation between Korea and China, and better yet to research on not only the air quality but also the associated fields, such as energy, industrial technology, and global environmental governance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.807-810
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• 2011

The sensor network technology for core technology of ubiquitous computing is in the spotlight recently, the research on sensor network is proceeding actively which is composed many different sensor node. USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) is the network that widely applies for life of human being. It works out to sense, storage, process, deliver every kind of appliances and environmental information from the stucktags and sensors. And it is possible to utilize to measure and monitor about the place of environmental pollution which is difficult for human to install. It's studied constantly since it be able to compose easily more subminiature, low-power, low-cost than previous one. And also it spotlights an important field of study, graft the green IT and IT of which the environment and IT unite stragically onto the Network. The problem for the air pollution in the office or the indoor except a specific working area is the continuously issue since the human beings have lived in the dwelling facilities. Measures for that problem are urgently needed. It's possible to solve for the freshair of outside with enough ventilation but that is the awkward situation to be managed by person. This study is the system engineering to management for indoor air condition under the sensor network. And research for efficiently manage an option.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.609-617
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• 2020

After introducing the industry 4.0 policy, Korean government announced 'Digital New Deal' and 'Green New Deal' as 'Korean New Deal' in 2020. We analyzed Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)'s research projects related to that policy and conducted markets analysis focused on Digital Twin and environmental monitoring technologies. Regarding 'Data Dam' policy, we suggested the digital geo-contents with Augmented Reality (AR) & Virtual Reality (VR) and the public geo-data collection & sharing system. It is necessary to expand and support the smart mining and digital oil fields research for '5th generation mobile communication (5G) and artificial intelligence (AI) convergence into all industries' policy. Korean government is suggesting downtown 3D maps for 'Digital Twin' policy. KIGAM can provide 3D geological maps and Internet of Things (IoT) systems for social overhead capital (SOC) management. 'Green New Deal' proposed developing technologies for green industries including resource circulation, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS), and electric & hydrogen vehicles. KIGAM has carried out related research projects and currently conducts research on domestic energy storage minerals. Oil and gas industries are presented as representative applications of digital twin. Many progress is made in mining automation and digital mapping and Digital Twin Earth (DTE) is a emerging research subject. The emerging research subjects are deeply related to data analysis, simulation, AI, and the IoT, therefore KIGAM should collaborate with sensors and computing software & system companies.