• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.463-475
• /
• 2018

The present study was performed to observe histopathological effects of Oculotrema hippopotami Stunkard, 1924 infection in the eye of Hippopotamus amphibius, as well as to reveal new details of morphology and structural features of this monogenean and its comparison between 2 age stages of the parasite. This was done using both light and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and histopathology. The presence of a mixture of different generations (adult and sub-adult) in one host individual is common for Oculotrema Stunkard, 1924 in contrast to Polystoma Zeder, 1800. New metrical and graphical information obtained for adults and sub-adults compared with the previous studies. Here we show the presence of genital papillae in adults, metrical data on the distal part of the vas deferens. SEM micrographs of sperm ejaculatory structures and information about the flattened dorsal side of the body provided for the first time. Histopathological changes, such as necrosis and hemorrhage in host tissues as a result of O. hippopotami attachment structures are described. Structural analysis of different body parts of O. hippopotami of both age groups are also included. We show qualitative differences in the presence of hardening ions (S, P, Ca) in attachment structures (oral and haptor suckers) that increase with the age of the worm. The presence of sub-adults and adults on the same host, together with high levels of infection without high pathogenicity may account for Oculotrema being one of the most successful parasites among the Monogenea.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.324-329
• /
• 2006

The silicone rubber implants are widely used in plastic surgery because of various advantages; however, calcification in surface of implant(as a chemical resistance) may transform or destroy the high molecular biomaterial when it stays too long within the human body. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between calcification and the histological disparities of the tissues surrounding the area adjoining the silicone nasal implant by examining the regional characteristics of calcium deposits in the silicone nasal implant via elemental analyses using EDX(energy-dispersive X-ray analysis) and ultrastructural analyses using SEM(scanning electron microscopy). The subjects of the study were 19 silicone nasal implants removed by revision rhinoplasty, all displaying calcification. According to the tissue characters, the implant surface was divided into 4 zones with the rhinion as the basis. For each zone, elemental and ultrastructural analyses were performed. Elemental analysis revealed that the calcium deposits consisted of Ca and P only. There were no statistically significant disparities among the ratios between Ca and P according to the zones. Ultrastructural analysis showed acellular mineral-like deposits coalesced to create amorphous deposits in all zones; however, in zones 1 and 3(more pressurized zones by periosteum or nasal bone), additional flaky cylinder-shaped calcium deposits were detected. Thus, it seems that the histological disparities in the surrounding tissues do not affect the components and their proportions in the calcification process. However, it can be inferred that the physical environment due to the histological disparities in the surrounding tissues affects the ultrastructures of calcium deposits.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2005

The chemical property analysis on the deposited clay using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer were performed. Also, the triaxial compression tests and consolidation tests using NaCl aqueous solution and leachate as substitute pore (or saturated) water in samples were carried out to find out the behaviour characteristics of strength and deformation of contaminated deposited clay. from the chemical composition analysis results of clay samples, the magnitudes of composition ratio were revealed in the order of O, C, Si, Al, and Fe. Of these, why the ratio of carbon appeared to be large is estimated as due to the increase of the phyto-planktons after the construction of tide embankment. In the triaxial compression test and consolidation test results, the shear strength and compression properties have increased with the increase in concentration of contaminant (NaCl). This phenomenon is considered as to be caused by the changes of soil structure to flocculent structure owing to the decrease in the thickness of diffuse double layer in proportion to increase in the concentration of electrolyte.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.219-248
• /
• 1989

The purposes of this study were to analyze the microstructural and compositional changes of metal surfaces following different conditions of preoxidizing heat treatment, to investigate the composition of metal oxides, and to evaluate the effect of preoxidation and removal of surface oxides on microstructure and diffusion profiles. The techniques of EDAX (energy-dispersive analysis of x-ray), ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis), and EPMA (electron probe micro analysis) were used, along with SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The obtained results were as follows : 1. A surface of the specimen became rough and the amount of the metal oxides increased with increasing the heat treatment time and temperature and the partial pressure of oxygen. 2. At an air pressure of 28' vacuum, the higher the temperature and the longer the time of preoxidation, the higher Ni concentration was detected. 3. Cr concentration in the specimen heat treated with air was higher than that of with vacuum. 4. The oxides in the specimens were mainly composed of Ni and Cr oxides. On the globular growth particles, significant rises in Al concentration of Rexillium III and Ti concentration of Verabond were noted. 5. Atomic diffusion occurred at the ceramic-metal interface, furthermore the amount of the flux was increased with preoxidation heat treatment.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.275-284
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different surface treatment methods on the microtensile bond strength of resin cement to resin nanoceramic (RNC). MATERIALS AND METHODS. RNC onlays (Lava Ultimate) (n=30) were treated using air abrasion with and without a universal adhesive, or HF etching followed by a universal adhesive with and without a silane coupling agent, or tribological silica coating with and without a universal adhesive, and divided into 6 groups. Onlays were luted with resin cement to dentin surfaces. A microtensile bond strength test was performed and evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (${\alpha}$=.05). A nanoscratch test, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used for micromorphologic analysis (${\alpha}$=.05). The roughness and elemental proportion were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS. Tribological silica coating showed the highest roughness, followed by air abrasion and HF etching. After HF etching, the RNC surface presented a decrease in oxygen, silicon, and zirconium ratio with increasing carbon ratio. Air abrasion with universal adhesive showed the highest bond strength followed by tribological silica coating with universal adhesive. HF etching with universal adhesive showed the lowest bond strength. CONCLUSION. An improved understanding of the effect of surface treatment of RNC could enhance the durability of resin bonding when used for indirect restorations. When using RNC for restoration, effective and systemic surface roughening methods and an appropriate adhesive are required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 2003

This paper describes the characteristics of capacitor elements at self healing. Self healing events were forced to be created by the over-rated voltage of the capacitor elements. The self healing site was photographed by the Scanning Electron Microscope and the by-products of self healing were analyzed by the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer. Also the self healing site was analyzed by the Differential Scanning Calorimeter and the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. As a result, the main component of by-products due to the hum cut at self healing was carbon. The Fourier Transform Infrared analysis result of the self-healing specimen was similar to that of the virgin specimen, however, different from that of the specimen thermally treated at 500$^{\circ}C$. It was observed that heat flow peaks of virgin specimen were different from self-healing specimen by the Differential Scanning Calorimeter analysis.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.60-63
• /
• 2016

The study is a pioneering effort to determine the mineral, nutritional, and phytochemical composition and phenolic content and to determine the free radical scavenging activity of Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr, a native bamboo species (locally known as "bolo") in the Philippines. Proximate analysis showed that air-dried G. levis leaves contain 15.8% ash, 22.6% crude protein, 1.2% crude fat, 29.3% crude fiber, and 19.7% total sugar. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids in both the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts, while phytosterols were only detected in the ethanolic extract. Folin-Ciocalteu assay determined the total phenolic content in gallic acid equivalents (GAE) to be $85.86{\pm}3.71$ and $32.32{\pm}1.01mg\;GAE/100g$ dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The total phenolic content in quercetin equivalents (QE) was $74.44{\pm}3.11$ and $29.43{\pm}0.85mg\;QE/100g$ dried sample for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The radical scavenging activity of the different solvent fractions containing varying concentrations of the extract was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethyl acetate and 1-butanol fractions were found to have the highest radical scavenging activity. Mineral analysis via Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) of the ash of G. levis leaves showed that Si is the major component, followed by K and Mg. These results point to the potential of G. levis leaves as a source of minerals and bioactive compounds with medicinal value.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.585-593
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: Illegal open-air incineration, which is criticized as a leading source of air pollutants among agricultural activities, currently requires constant effort and attention. Countries around the world have been undertaking studies on the emission of heavy metal substances in fine dust discharged during the incineration process. A precise analytical method is required to examine the harmful effects of particulate pollutants on the human body. Methods: In order to simulate open-air incineration, the infrastructure needed for incineration tests complying with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 5G was built, and a large-area analysis was conducted on particulate pollutants through automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). For the test specimen, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste collected by the DangJin Office located in Choongcheongnam-do was used. To increase the identifiability of the analyzed particles, the incineration experiment was conducted in an incinerator three times after dividing the film waste into 200 g specimens. Results: Among the metal particulate matters detected in the HDPE waste incineration test, transition metals included C (20.8-37.1 wt%) and O (33.7-37.9 wt%). As for other chemical matters, the analysis showed that metal particulate matters such as metalloids, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals reacted to C and C-O. Si, a representative metalloid, was detected at 14.8-20.8 wt%, showing the highest weight ratio except for C and O. Conclusion: In this study, the detection of metal chemicals in incinerated particulate matters was effectively confirmed through SEM-EDS. The results of this study verified that HDPE waste adsorbs metal chemicals originating from soil due to its own properties and deterioration, and that when incinerated, it emits particulate matters containing transition metals and other metals that contribute to the excessive production and reduction of reactive oxygen species.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2022

As the use of chemical products increases in daily life, the removal of dye waste has also emerged as an important environmental issue. This dye waste can be decomposed using a photocatalyst, and the photocatalyst can be synthesized very cost-effectively by using the sol-gel technology. The sol-gel technology is not only very useful for nanoscale film formation, but also can simply form multilayer structures. Using a multiple spin coating method, in this study, a ZnO film with a multilayered structure (3 layers, 5 layers) was formed by using zinc oxide (ZnO), which is effective in decomposing various dyes. For performance comparison, a ZnO film having a single layer structure by a single spin coating method was prepared as a control. Structural and elemental analysis of ZnO film was performed using an X-ray diffraction analyzer and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. A nanowire-like surface morphology could be observed through a scanning electron microscope. Additionally, UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of UV light. The ZnO film with a five-layer structure degraded the simulated methylene blue by 49% more than the ZnO film with a single-layer structure. In conclusion, it was found that ZnO having a multilayered structure is useful as a photocatalyst that decomposes methylene blue dye more effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2022

Recently, Hanmi Gemological Institute & Laboratory (HGI) had an opportunity to examine 5 transparent synthetic moissanite. The round brilliants ranged from 0.93 to 0.96 ct and had a colorless, pink, yellow, blue, and red color. Advanced testing results, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, identified all the specimens as synthetic moissanite. Under the microscope, all samples except the colorless were confirmed to be a synthetic moissanite coated with a colored film. EDXRF chemical analysis detected very weak X-ray fluorescence peak characteristics of Ca, Ti, and Co in the colored samples. These features were not detected in the colorless sample. Raman spectroscopy investigation was unable to detect the 1332 cm^-1 (produced by sp³ bonding of carbon atoms) or the ~1550 cm^-1 (produced by graphite-related sp² bonding) peak in the colorless sample. The SEM image of the colorless sample showed no indication of a coating. The TEM image of the colorless sample revealed the presence of a 3~8 nm thick layer on the moissanite. Moreover, from the corresponding STEM Z-contrast image combined with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) line profiles and EDX elemental maps, this layer was estimated to be carbon, silicon and oxygen.