• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2017

The Differential Power Processing (DPP) converter is a promising multi-module photovoltaic inverter architecture recently proposed for photovoltaic systems. In this paper, a DPP converter architecture, in which each PV-panel has its own DPP converter in shunt, performs distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) control. It maintains a high energy conversion efficiency, even under partial shading conditions. The system architecture only deals with the power differences among the PV panels, which reduces the power capacity of the converters. Therefore, the DPP systems can easily overcome the conventional disadvantages of PCS such as centralized, string, and module integrated converter (MIC) topologies. Among the various types of the DPP systems, the feed-forward method has been selected for both its voltage balancing and power transfer to a modified H-bridge inverter that needs charge balancing of the input capacitors. The modified H-bridge multi-level inverter had some advantages such as a low part count and cost competitiveness when compared to conventional multi-level inverters. Therefore, it is frequently used in photovoltaic (PV) power conditioning system (PCS). However, its simplified switching network draws input current asymmetrically. Therefore, input capacitors in series suffer from a problem due to a charge imbalance. This paper validates the operating principle and feasibility of the proposed topology through the simulation and experimental results. They show that the input-capacitor voltages maintain the voltage balance with the PV MPPT control operating with a 140-W hardware prototype.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2021

The electric propulsion development is underway to minimize pollutants and greenhous gas emissions during the operation of ships / offshore installation vessels. The importance of the use and efficient management of batteries, which is an ESS system in ships / offshore installation vessels, is increasing. Generally, in ESS where battery is applied, cell balancing and life span are monitored in real time by BMS. Ships / offshore installation vessel are equipped with several ESS rooms, and ESS rooms with ESS systems of the same specification are being constructed due to the recent demand for electric propulsion development. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to additionally predict and diagnose battery pack and cell balancing failures by comparing BMS data for each rooms. The proposed algorithm compares the BMS data of each ESS Room according to the environmental change of the ship / offshore installation vessels, measures accurate status information, and reliably monitors it to prevent accidents in advance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.4724-4747
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• 2016

To efficiently reduce on-grid energy consumption, the admission control algorithm in the hybrid energy powered cellular network (HybE-Net) with base stations (BSs) powered by on-grid energy and solar energy is studied. In HybE-Net, the fluctuation of solar energy harvesting and energy consumption may result in the imbalance of solar energy utilization among BSs, i.e., some BSs may be surplus in solar energy, while others may maintain operation with on-grid energy supply. Obviously, it makes solar energy not completely useable, and on-grid energy cannot be reduced at capacity. Thus, how to control user admission to improve solar energy utilization and to reduce on-grid energy consumption is a great challenge. Motivated by this, we first model the energy flow behavior by using stochastic queue model, and dynamic energy characteristics are analyzed mathematically. Then, fuzzy logic based admission control algorithm is proposed, which comprehensively considers admission judgment parameters, e.g., transmission rate, bandwidth, energy state of BSs. Moreover, the index of solar energy utilization balancing is proposed to improve the balance of energy utilization among different BSs in the proposed algorithm. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs excellently in improving solar energy utilization and reducing on-grid energy consumption of the HybE-Net.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 2014

A cat is able to quickly recover balance from unstable posture. To observe the balance recovery procedure of the cat, an impulse is applied to the cat while walking on a narrow bridge. We find that it rotates its tail toward the falling direction. In our previous research, the balance recovery procedure is analyzed based on the law of the angular momentum conservation and then a key equation is derived to maintain the balance. However, it did not consider the gravity, so the performance is not good. In this paper, a new dynamic model is proposed using the Lagrangian mechanics. In the method, the gravity is included in the potential energy. Through the proposed dynamic model, controlling the balance of a walking robot is possible.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

This paper discusses a method for the determination of frequency control reserve requirement with consideration of the interaction between ex-ante planning and real-time balancing. In proposed method, we consider the fact that the delivered energy for tertiary control reserve is determined based on required capacity for secondary control reserve and the expected amount of load errors. Uncertain load errors are derived by Brownian motion, an optimization method is suggested using a stochastic programming. In a short, we propose an interactive dependent method for determining secondary control reserve requirement based on the principle that it satisfies to minimize the total cost. As a result, this paper provides will analyze for an example model to demonstrate the capabilities of the method.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.292-299
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• 2017

In this paper, multiple ESS(Energy Storage System) control strategy for microgrids is presented. Installation of ESS becomes mandatory when microgrids are used to supply high quality power to the loads. The one of main functions of the ESS is to maintain power balance. However ESS has limitation of its capacity and instantaneous injecting power. Power allocation method based on SOC(State Of Charge) of each ESS is proposed. P-Q control is employed as the basic control strategy for the distributed ESSs. By using the proposed method, the coefficients in the conventional P-Q control method are modified. The ESSs with higher SOC inject more active power, while those with lower SOC inject less, leading to more balanced SOC levels among the ESSs. The proposed method is demonstrated by simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.387-388
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• 2020

본 논문은 패시브 셀 밸런싱과 액티브 셀 밸런싱의 에너지 손실 비교에 관한 연구내용이다. 패시브 셀 밸런싱은 저항을 이용하여 과충전된 셀의 에너지를 소모하는 방식이며 액티브 셀 밸런싱은 SSC(Single Switched Capacitor) 구조를 이용하여 높은 에너지 셀의 에너지를 낮은 에너지 상태의 셀로 전달하는 방식이다. 높은 셀과 낮은 셀의 SOC(State Of Charge)의 차이가 5% (0.085 V)일 때 ∆SOC = 3% (∆V = 0.051 V)로 줄이기 위해 패시브 셀 밸런싱과 액티브 셀 밸런싱을 하여 두 셀 밸런싱의 에너지 손실 차이를 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 비교한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1237-1255
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• 2014

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), hierarchical clustering is an efficient approach for lower energy consumption and extended network lifetime. In cluster-based multi-hop communications, a cluster head (CH) closer to the sink is loaded heavier than those CHs farther away from the sink. In order to balance the energy consumption among CHs, we development a novel cluster-based routing protocol for corona-structured wireless sensor networks. Based on the relaying traffic of each CH conveys, adequate radius for each corona can be determined through nearly balanced energy depletion analysis, which leads to balanced energy consumption among CHs. Simulation results demonstrate that our clustering approach effectively improves the network lifetime, residual energy and reduces the number of CH rotations in comparison with the MLCRA protocols.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

A wireless image sensor node collecting image data for environmental monitoring or surveillance requires a large amount of energy to transmit the huge amount of video data. Even though solar energy can be used to overcome the energy constraint, since the collected energy is also limited, an efficient energy management scheme for transmitting a large amount of video data is needed. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the number of blackout nodes and increase the amount of gathered data by selecting an appropriate video coding method according to the energy condition of the node in a solar-powered wireless video sensor network. This scheme allocates the amount of energy that can be used over time in order to seamlessly collect data regardless of night or day, and selects a high compression coding method when the allocated energy is large and a low compression coding when the quota is low. Thereby, it reduces the blackout of the relay node and increases the amount of data obtained at the sink node by allowing the data to be transmitted continuously. Also, if the energy is lower than operating normaly, the frame rate is adjusted to prevent the energy exhaustion of nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme suppresses the energy exhaustion of the relay node and collects more data than other schemes.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.117-126
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• 2009

The recent interest in sensor networks has led to a number of routing schemes that use the limited resources available at sensor nodes more efficiently. These schemes typically try to find the minimum energy path to optimize energy usage at a node. Some schemes, however, are prone to unbalance of the traffic and energy. To solve this problem, we propose a novel solution: a gradient-field approach which takes account of the minimum cost data delivery, energy consumption balancing, and traffic equalization. We also modify the backoff-based cost field setup algorithm to establish our gradient-field based sensor network and give the algorithm. Simulation results show that the overhead of routing establishment obtained by our algorithm is much less than the one obtained by Flooding. What's more, our approach guarantees the basic Quality of Service (QoS) without extra spending.