• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 1988

Regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in ten portions of the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native cattle were observed by immunocytochemical methods using specific antisera against chromogranin, serotonin, somatostatin, glucagon, bovine pancreatic polypeptide(BPP), motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP), neurotensin, secretin, gastrin and substance P. The results observed are summarized as follows: In the abomasum, chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, motilin-, glucagon-, gastrin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were found. Chromogranin-and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were more numerous in the fundic region than pyloric region. Somatostatin- and gastrinimmunoreactive cells were numerous in the pyloric region than in the fundic region. In the small intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP-, motilin-, gastrin-, GIP-, neurotensin-, secretin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were detected. Chromogranin-, somatostatin-, GIP- and secretin-immunoreactive cells were most numerous in the duodenum, while BPP-, motilin-, glucagon-, neurotensin- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the small intestine. In the large intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed and most numerous in the rectum. Somatostatin-, glucagon- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the large intestine.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 1997

ABC법에 의해 면역조직화학적으로 아프리카발톱두꺼비(Xenopus laevis)의 위장관내분비세포를 관찰하였던 바, neurotensin 면역반응세포는 중등도로 소장에서 약하게 반응하였다. 구형의 gastrin releasing peptide(GRP) 면역반응세포는 위에서 위저부의 상피 세포 바로 아래와 유문부선에서 다수로, 소장에서는 가는 방추형으로 극소수 또는 중등도로 분포하였다. 한편 substance P 면역반응세포는 방추형으로 장상피에서 관찰되었다. 그러나 secretin, motilin, met-enkephalin-8 (M-Enk) 및 polypeptide YY(PYY) 면역반응세포는 전체 소화관에서 관찰할 수 없었다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2006

Normally, environmental toxicants are classified as endocrine disruptors if they interfere with regulation of cellular function by endogeneous steroids through inhibition of receptor binding and/or transcriptional activation. So, many studies have been performed about agonist/antagonist of hormone receptor to study mechanisms of endocrine disruptors. If toxicants affect steroid biosynthesis and/or degradation and alter hormone homeostasis, these also are classified as endocrine disruptors. But there are not many studies of the mechanisms of endocrine disruptors on the basis of alteration of steroid biosynthesis and/or degradation. Isolation and culture of Leydig cells from testis is one of methods for the steroidogenesis screening assays to evaluate a substance for altering steroidogenesis. Leydig cells were harvested using the method described by Klinefelter with modifications. Leydig cells were purified by perfusion of testis and incubation ($34^{\circ}C$, 80cycles/minute, 20 minutes) with collagenase (0.25 mg/kg), centrifugal elutriation, percoll gradient centrifugation and BSA multidensity gradient centrifugation. To confirm if this method is one of appropriate tools to evaluate a substance for altering steroidogenesis, ketoconazole, positive control was administered to purified Leydig cells. Ketoconazole ($10^{-8}M$ and above) significantly reduced testosterone production in purified Leydig cells. From above results, we suggest that this method for steroidogenesis screening assay appears to be a appropriate tool to detect suspected compounds for altering steroidogenesis.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.297-303
• /
• 1996

가물치의 위장관 내분비세포의 부위별 분포 및 출현빈도를 면역조직화학적으로 관찰하였던 바, secretin 면역반응세포들은 위의 분문부와 위저부의 상피 또는 장선부에서 소수로 출현하였다. Motilin과 GRP 면역반응세포는 장의 원위부와 위저부의 상피에서 극소수로, PYY 면역반응세포들은 유문맹낭부위와 장의 근위부에서 소수 또는 극소수로 각각 관찰되었다. Substance P 면역반응세포들은 위저부에서 장의 원위부에 걸쳐 소수 내지는 비교적 다수의 출현빈도를 보였으며 또한 장의 원위부 고유층에서는 신경세포가 양성반응을 보였다. 그러나 neurotensin, met-Enk, GIP 면역반응세포들은 전장관에서 관찰할 수 없었다.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.395-401
• /
• 1998

The regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the Manchurian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus asiaticus. Six kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the GIT. These cells were observed in moderate numbers in the pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, fundus, colon, and rectum. Somatostatin- and bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)-immunoreactive cells were also identified throughout the GIT. The former were abundant in the pylorus region while the latter were scattered In ileum and colon. Motilin-immunoreactive cells were rarely detected in the small intestine. A few neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were detected in jejunum, ileum and colon. Also, a few substance P-immunoreactive cells were observed to be restricted to duodenum and jejunum.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.208-214
• /
• 1997

The objective of this study was (a) to examine the change of bloodchemistry and (b) to investigate the secretion trend of endocrinological substance in a dog model after laser-beam radiation at different level of frequency (250 Hz, 2,000 Hz, 5,000 Hz and 8,000 Hz). The experimental groups were divided into four groups were divided into four groups on the basis of the level of frequency radiated and stimulated for five minutes. Before stimulation and after a lapse of time (10-minute, 30-minute and 60-minute) all dogs were checked the following parameters; cortisol, ACTH, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, Ca, P, ALT, AST and creatinine. The results were as follow: ten minutes after stimulation, cortisol level of 250 Hz group, 2,000 Hz group, 5,000 Hz group and 8,000 Hz group was increased 18.8%, 20.5%, 23.2% and 309%, respectively. Ten minutes after stimulation, ACTH level of 250 Hz group, 2,000 Hz group, 5,000 Hz group and 8,000 Hz group was increased 26.7%, 26.6%, 30.5% and 29.5%, respectively. It began to decrease and at 30-minute after stimulation resturned to pre-stimulation level at 60-minute after stimulation. In blood examination RBC, hemaoglobin, hematocrit and WBC level showed slight increase and decrease and returned to pre-stimulation level at 60-minute after radiation. In bloodchemical examination serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, ALT, AST and creatinine level were within normal physiological ranges.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2000

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically (PAP methods) in the alimentary tract and pancreas of the toad, Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor using specific antisera against bovine Sp-1/chromogranin (BCG), serotonin, bombesin, gastrin, substance P (SP), somatostatin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and secretin. Nine kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. Spherical or spindleshaped immunoreactive (IR) cells were located in the gastric glands of stomach regions, in the basal portion of the epithelium of intestinal tract or esophagus, and in the exocrine or pancreatic islets with variable frequencies. In the alimentary tract, BCG-IR cells were found in the fundus and pylorus with rare and a few frequencies, respectively. Serotonin-IR cells were demonstrated in the whole alimentary tract including the esophagus. Bombesin- and SP-IR cells were restricted to the stomach regions and gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus. Somatostatin-IR cells were detected throughout the whole alimentary tract except for the large intestine, However, insulin-, glucagon-, PP-, VIP- and secretin-IR cells were not detected in the alimentary tract. In the pancreas of toad, the distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells were similar to those of other mammals. Insulin-IR cells were located in the central portion of the pancreatic islets and interspaces of exocrine portions, and glucagon-, somatostatin- and PP-IR cells were detected in the marginal regions of the pancreatic islets and interspaces of exocrine. However, other IR cells were not found in the pancreas. In conclusion, the regional distribution and relative frequency of the endocrine cells in the alimentary tract and pancreas of the toad were similar to other anuran species but some differences which might be caused by feeding habits and species specification were also observed.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.59-76
• /
• 1988

In order to know the distribution, relative frequencies, types and morphology, endocrine cells in the intestinal tract of the hedgehog(Erinaceus koreanus) were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Two kinds of endocrine cells were demonstrated with two specific staining methods. Argyrophil cells(reactive cells for Grimelius method) were found most frequently in the intestinal region, and were infrequent in the rectum, whereas argentaffin cells (reactive cells for Masson-Hamperl method) were found most frequently in the rectum and in the other legions were infrequent. These reacting cells were mainly found in the intestinal glands, whereas a small number in the mucosa. 2. Twelve kinds of endocrine cells, gastrin(Gas)-, somatostatin (Som)-, serotonin(5-HT)-, glucagon(Glu)-, bovine pancreatic polypeptide(Bpp)-, cholecystokinin(Cck)-, secretin(Sec)-, motilin(Mot)-, glicentin(Gli)-, gastric inhibitor polypeptide(GIp)-, substance P(Sp)-, and neurotensin(Neu)-immunoreactive cells, were identified by immunohistochemical method. Gas-, Som-, 5-HT-, Glu-, Cck-, Sec-, Mot-, Gli-, Sp-, and Neu-reactive cells were observed in the duodenum, and among these Gas- and 5-HT-reactive cells were moderately found while the others were infrequent. In the jejunoileum Gas-, Som-, 5-HT-, Glu-, Cck-, Mot-, Gli-, GIp-, SP-, and Neu-reactive cells were found, and among these 5-HT- and GIp-reactive cells were moderately found while the others were infrequent. In the colon Sec-reactive cell was not detected. 5-HT-reactive cells were found most frequently and the others were infrequent in this region. 5-HT-, Bpp-, GIi- and Neu-reactive cells were found in the rectum. Among these 5-HT-reactive cells were found most frequently. 3. Electron microscopically, five types of endocrine cells, EC, ECL, D, G, A-like cell, were identified in the intestinal region. EC and ECL cells in the duodenum, EC, D and G cells in the jejuno-ileum, EC and A-like cells in the colon and EC cell in the rectum were observed respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.321-331
• /
• 1992

The regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas of the fresh water turtle. Ten kinds of endocrine cells were identified in the gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystokinin-8-, bovine pancreatic polypetide-and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the gastrointestinal tract, also among them cholecystokinin-8-immunoreactive cells were most predominant in segment III. Although gastrin- and gastrin/cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells were found from segment III to VI and X, respectively, they were numerous in segment III. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from segment I to VII. 5-hydroxytryptamine- immunoreactive cells were detected in segment I, III, VIII, IX and X. Human pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in segment V, VI, VIII, IX and X. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were found from segment III to X except for segment VIII, but rare in segment VII. Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were found to be restricted to segment VIII, IX and X. No porcine chromogranin-, substance P- and bombesin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the fresh water turtle. Although typical mammalian pancreatic islets encapsulated by connective tissue were not present in this species, five kinds of endocrine cells-glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine-were found in forming small or large groups and scattered in the exocrine gland region. However porcine chromogranin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells could not be demonstrated in the pancreas.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2000

Recently, there is a worldwide concern that a great number of man-made chemicals have a hormone-like action both in humans and in animals. EPA and OECD are developing screening programs using validated test systems to determine whether certain substances may have an effect on humans. In the present study, the establishment of in vivo short-term test system for pubertal female assay with thyroid to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals was tried using a model substance, methoxychlor (MC), a chlorinated hydrocarbon insencticide. Forty female rats were assigned to four groups. MC was administered at dose levels of 0, 8, 40 and 200mg/kg by gavage to female rats from day 21 post partum to the completion of vaginal opening. We evaluated body weight change, age at vaginal opening, onset of estrous cyclicity, age at first esturs, ovary weight, and serum concentrations of thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone in female rats. The age at vaginal opening of females receiving 40 200mg/kg was significantly younger than control. The onset of estrus cyclicity and age at first estrus of females receiving 200mg/kg was also younger than controls. There was no effect of treatment on body weight, ovary weight, and hormone concentration. Based on these results, it can be concluded that application of MC at dose level of 40mg/kg affects the vaginal opening and application of MC at dose level of 200mg/kg accelerates the vaginal opening and the onset of estrus cylicity.