• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.349-357
• /
• 2007

Reports of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), and personal care products (PCPs) have raised substantial concern in important potable drinking water quality issues. Our study investigates the removal of EDCs, PhACs, and PCPs of 10 compounds having different physico-chemical properties (e.g., molecular weight, and octanol-water partition coefficient ($K_{OW}$)) by nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The rejection of micropollutants by NF membranes ranged from 93.9% to 99.9% depending on solute characteristics. A batch adsorption experiments indicated that adsorption is an important mechanism for transport/removal of relatively hydrophobic compounds, and is related to the octanol-water partition coefficient values. The transport phenomenon associated with adsorption may also depend on solution water chemistry such as pH and ionic strength influencing the pKa value of compounds. In addition, it was visually seen that the retention was somewhat higher for the larger compounds based on their molecular weight. These results suggest that the NF membrane retains many organic compounds due to both hydrophobic adsorption and size exclusion mechanisms.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.235-248
• /
• 2014

The widespread occurrence of dissolved endocrine disrupting compounds(EDCs) and pharmaceutical active compounds(PhACs) in water sources is of concern due to their adverse effects. To remove these chemicals, adsorption of EDCs/PhACs on granular activated carbon(GAC) was investigated, and bisphenol A, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and sulfamethoxazole were selected as commonly occurring EDCs/PhACs in the aquatic environment. Various adsorption isotherms were applied to evaluate compatability with each adsorption in the condition of single-solute. Removal difference between individual and competitive adsorption were investigated from the physicochemical properties of each adsorbate. Hydrophobicity interaction was the main adsorption mechanism in the single-solute adsorption with order of maximum adsorption capacity as bisphenol A > carbamazepine > sulfamethoxazole > diclofenac > ibuprofen, while both hydrophobicity and molecular size play significant roles in competitive adsorption. Adsorption kinetic was also controled by hydrophobicity of each adsorbate resulting in higher hydrophobicity allowed faster adsorption on available adsorption site on GAC. EDCs/PhACs adsorption on GAC was determined as an endothermic reaction resulting in better adsorption at higher temperature ($40^{\circ}C$) than lower temperature ($10^{\circ}C$).

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.10-13
• /
• 2008

내분비장애 물질은 분해가 어렵고, 생물체에 축적되기 때문에 먹이그물을 통하여 결국 인간에게 피해를 준다. 리그닌 분해효소 군을 가진 백색부후균들은 다양한 난분해성 물질의 분해능이 우수하며, 국내에서 분리한 아교버섯은 내분비장애 물질에 속하는 프탈레이트의 분해능이 우수하다. 내분비장애 물질분해와 관련된 laccase cDNA를 발현벡터로 재조합하고 이를 형질전환 방법에 의하여 아교버섯으로 도입하였으며 도입된 발현벡터는 형질전환체의 염색체에 안정하게 존재하였다. 형질전환체들 중 가장 효소활성이 좋은 균주를 대상으로 분석한 결과 laccase 활성이 증가되었을 뿐만 아니라 내분비장애 물질의 분해능도 향상되었고, 동시에 다양한 내분비장애물질에 의한 에스트로겐 활성도 야생형 균주에 비하여 빠르게 감소시켰다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.1351-1360
• /
• 2023

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that disturb hormonal homeostasis by binding to receptors. EDCs are metabolized through hepatic enzymes, causing altered transcriptional activities of hormone receptors, and thus necessitating the exploration of the potential endocrine-disrupting activities of EDC-derived metabolites. Accordingly, we have developed an integrative workflow for evaluating the post-metabolic activity of potential hazardous compounds. The system facilitates the identification of metabolites that exert hormonal disruption through the integrative application of an MS/MS similarity network and predictive biotransformation based on known hepatic enzymatic reactions. As proof-of-concept, the transcriptional activities of 13 chemicals were evaluated by applying the in vitro metabolic module (S9 fraction). Identified among the tested chemicals were three thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonistic compounds that showed increased transcriptional activities after phase I+II reactions (T3, 309.1 ± 17.3%; DITPA, 30.7 ± 1.8%; GC-1, 160.6 ± 8.6% to the corresponding parents). The metabolic profiles of these three compounds showed common biotransformation patterns, particularly in the phase II reactions (glucuronide conjugation, sulfation, GSH conjugation, and amino acid conjugation). Data-dependent exploration based on molecular network analysis of T3 profiles revealed that lipids and lipid-like molecules were the most enriched biotransformants. The subsequent subnetwork analysis proposed 14 additional features, including T4 in addition to 9 metabolized compounds that were annotated by prediction system based on possible hepatic enzymatic reaction. The other 10 THR agonistic negative compounds showed unique biotransformation patterns according to structural commonality, which corresponded to previous in vivo studies. Our evaluation system demonstrated highly predictive and accurate performance in determining the potential thyroid-disrupting activity of EDC-derived metabolites and for proposing novel biotransformants.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.297-309
• /
• 2005

다수의 잠재적인 내분비계장애물질이 환경에 방출됨으로써 새로운 환경문제로 세계적 관심이 모아지고 있다. 이러한 물질들을 측정하고 감시하기 위한 고감도이며 신뢰성 있는 분석방법의 개발이 필수적이다. 이 연구에서는 기체크 로마토그래피 질량분석법과 액체크로마토그래피 질량분석법이 내분비계장애물질들의 분석을 위해 이용되었으며 두 가지 분석방법들이 DEHP, BBP, PCP, BPA에 대해 비교 및 평가되었다 그 결과 액체크로마토그래피 질량분석법이 더 낮은 검출 한계를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 액체크로마토그래피 질량분석법은 대부분의 순수한 분자들로서 내분비계장애물질들을 측정 가능함이 판명되었다. 이 연구에서는 음용수에서 내분비계장애물질들을 제거하는 방법으로 유기막과 세라믹막을 제시하였으며 십자류 나노여과 방식이 내분비계장애물질들을 $100\%$ 제거하는 것으로 조사되었고 분획분자량 250 나노여과는 내분비계장애물질을 제거함에 있어 효과적인 것으로 판명되었다. 나노여과, 고속한외여과, 저속한외여과의 투과플럭스와 물질전달계수와의 비는 0.67, 3.4, 그리고 0.44였으며 나노여과와 저속한외여과는 확산이 주요한 조건에서 운전되며 고속한외여과는 대류가 주요한 조건에서 운전된다. 더욱이, 확산이 주요한 나노여과와 저속한외여과에서 내분비계장애물질의 제거율이 높은 것으로 측정되었다. 한외여과에 의한 제거는 내분비계장애물질들의 분자량에 의존하는 것으로 조사되었으며 내분비계장애물질들은 확산이 주요한 수리동역학적 조건에서 제거됨이 판명되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.117-121
• /
• 2005

In order to monitor the levels and seasonal variations of EDCs, samples of the discharged effluent from sewage & wastewater treatment plants and river waters were collected. The target EDCs including bisphenol A and alkylphenols were determined by Laser-induced fluorescence(LIF) as in-situ monitoring technique. The category of EDCs showed similar fluorescence spectra and nearly equal decay time. This point makes it hard to distinguish each EBCs from the EDCs mixture by LIF and LIF results were expressed only by the total EDCs. However, LIF monitoring results and GC-MS results was comparable. The correlation coefficient between EDCs concentration acquired from GC-MS and fluorescence intensity from LIF was significant. This study supports the feasibility of the application of LIF into EDCs monitoring In aquatic system.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.669-675
• /
• 2012

Recently, there have been active researches regarding endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this study, fifteen small freshwater streams in Cholla-namdo province, South Korea were investigated with respect to the concentration of the endocrine disruptors - Bisphenol A (BPA), styrene monomer (SM), styrene dimer (SD), and styrene trimer (ST) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Measured concentration of the target compounds in the sampled water ranged from

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2009

생물체내에 내분비계 기능을 방해하고 생식능력 감소, 암 등을 유발하는 내분비계장애물질이 상수나 폐수, 지표수, 토양 등에서 검출이 증가하는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 토양 내 내분비계장애물질을 산화공유결합반응을 유도, 토양 유기물화 시켜 제거하기 위하여 망간 산화물인 버네사이트를 촉매로 이용하였다. 수산화 작용기를 갖는 내분비계장애물질인 bisphenol A, 2,4-dichlorophenol 및 17${\beta}$-estradiol을 각각 50, 100, 1.5 mg/L의 농도로 하여 수용액 상에서의 버네사이트 촉매 반응을 관찰한 결과, 모두 60분 이내에 99% 이상 제거되었다. 특히 bisphenol A는 5분 내에 96%이상 제거되는 등 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타냈다. 또한 산화공유결합반응은 버네사이트 표면에서 일어나는 반응으로 버네사이트의 양, 즉 반응 표면적이 넓어질수록 일차반응속도상수가 선형적으로 증가함을 확인하였다. 토양 슬러리 상에서의 각 물질의 반응성을 확인한 결과, 수용액상보다 빠르게 변환되었는데, 이는 버네사이트에 의해 생성된 페녹시 라디칼이 토양유기물과 교차결합하여 더욱 빠르게 제거되었기 ��문으로 판단된다. 이러한 수용액 및 토양에서의 빠른 반응으로 비추어 볼때, 버네사이트를 이용한 유기물화 기술은 수용액 뿐만 아니라 토양 내 내분비계장애물질의 효과적인 처리 방법이 될 것으로 보인다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.416-423
• /
• 2000

There is a growing concern that a wide variety of chemicals released into the environment can disrupt the endocrine system of fish, wildlife and humans. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) include pesticides such as DDT lindane and atrazine, the food packaging chemicals, phthalates and bisphenol A, alkylphenol ethoxylate detergents and the chemical industry by-products, dioxins. Xenoestrogens in the environment have been argued about health risk, because of estrogen mimetic chemicals are exposed only small amounts to human. A number of in vivo and in vitro assays are now in use to assess the activity of xenoestrogens in the environment. A human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used to develop in vitro screening assay for the detection of xenoestrogenic environmental pollutants. The E-SCREEN (MCF7-BUS) assay is proposed as a reliable, easy and rapid-to-perform method. To optimize and validate this method before it can be used routinely, several phenol compounds and pesticides suspected to be estrogenic were tested using I-SCREEN assay. The results showed that this method is a valuable tool for screening potential estrogen-mimicking environmental pollutants and quantitative determination of estrogeniciy.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.308-310
• /
• 2002

Effect of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), on glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were investigated in the plasma of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Fish were injected with 4­NP (10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) in $70\%$ ethanol twice at 3-day intervals and plasma sampling were extracted at 7 days after the last injection. Controls received solvent only. 4-NP significant increased GOT in a dose-dependent manner. GPT was markedly elevated to $61\%$ (P<0.05) and $82\%$ (P<0.01) than that of the control at the 4-NP doses of 100 and 200mg, respectively. These results suggest that the estrogenic activity of 4-NP increase plasma GOT and GPT by toxic effect on hepatocyte.