• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5111-5116
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• 2013

Background: Early in the 21st century, cancers are the second cause of death worldwide. Colon cancer is third most common cancer and one of the few amenable to early diagnosis and treatment. Evaluation of factors affecting this cancer is important to increase survival time. Some of these factors affecting all diseases including cancer are social determinants of health. According to the importance of this disease and relation with these factors, this study was conducted to assess the relationship between social determinants of health and colon cancer survival. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study for patients with colon cancer registered in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, from April 2005 to November 2006, performed using questionnaires filled by telephone interview with patients (if patients had died, with family members). Data was analyzed with SPSS software (version 19) for descriptive analysis and STATA software for survival analysis including log rank test and three step Cox Proportional Hazard regression. Results: Five hundred fifty nine patients with ages ranging from 23 to 88 years with mean${\pm}$standard deviation of $63{\pm}11.8$ years were included in the study. The five year survival was 68.3%( 387 patients were alive and 172 patients were dead by the end of the study). The Cox proportional hazard regression showed 5-year survival was related to age (HR=0.53, p=0.042 for>50 years versus<50 years old) in first step, gender (HR=0.60, p=0.006 for female versus male) in second step, job (HR=1.7, p=0.001 for manual versus non manual jobs), region of residency (HR=3.49, p=0.018 for west versus south regions), parents in childhood (HR=2.87, p=0.012 for having both parents versus not having), anatomical cancer location (HR=2.16, p<0.033 for colon versus rectal cancer) and complete treatment (HR=5.96, p<0.001 for incomplete versus complete treatment). Conclusions: Social determinants of health such as job, city region residency and having parents during childhood have significant effects in 5-year survival of colon cancer and it may be better to consider these factors in addition to developing cancer treatment and to focus on these determinants of health in long-time planning.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2004

This study examined the characteristics of 45 sects of seven new aboriginal religious groups in Korea including Jeungsan sect, Tangun sect, Soowoon sect, Won Buddhism, Bongnam sect, Gahksedo sect, Shamanism sect that had given a considerable influence on the modem Korean society since the end of 19th century through the field study and the review of documents. The purpose of the study was to elucidate how their religious ideas were reflected in their ceremonial costumes and what characteristics these costumes had. The results were as follows: 1. The new religious groups in Korea modified or mixed the designs or the names of existing outfits to convey their ideas or beliefs through their costumes. 2. The costumes of new religious groups had common characteristics of the times, Korean tradition and ancestor worship. 3. All the ceremonial costumes symbolized the creeds and ideas of each religion in their names, designs, and colors. The names of the costumes such as Way-Robe, Law-Robe, and Ceremony-Robe, and of the headpieces such as Sky-Crown, Lotus-Crown, Ceremony-Crown, and Sevenfold-Crown, for instance, were related with Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The most common design of costume was consisted of traditional hanbok and some type of headpiece and robe for men, and hanbok modified to Western-style for women. Most sects adopted hanbok as their ceremonial costume, but they tend to simplify its design. The color scheme of the costumes reflected the influence of the Yul-Yang and Five Elements idea but the colors varied depending on seasons and occasions to suit their creeds and philosophy. 4. These religious costumes were worn at various ceremonies, ritual, and various anniversary services for the master and other dignitaries of the sect to render greater piety to those gatherings, to distinguish the sect from other religious groups, to clarify the meaning of the ceremony, and to heighten the devout feelings of the participants. Thus, the structure (the symbol, names, and types of the outfit, and their color scheme) and religious background of the costumes of the new aboriginal religious groups in Korea turned out to have inherited and mixed various elements of traditional Korean outfits and those of existing religions to symbolize their religious ideas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.906-914
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• 2009

The Korean Society of Animal Science (KSAS) was officially born on October 8, 1956 under the leadership of Professor Sang W. Yun of Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea a few years after the end of the Korean War. At that time, there were 0.9 million Korean native cattle, 1.3 million pigs and 8.9 million chickens in Korea. Per capita income for Korea (US$ 66) or China (US$ 59) was about 10% of Asian's average income (US$ 513) in 1956. Korea produced less than 0.2 million M/T of formula feed and consumed 6.1 kg/person/year of animal products. One could say that Korea was an example of an under-developed country in the world. Although the first issue of the Proceedings of the KSAS was published on October 28, 1958, regular quarterly journals of the KSAS were not published until March 1, 1969. Major activities other than publishing its journal were: holding an annual meeting and/or scientific forum at national or international level. The Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) was founded on September 1, 1980 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia with founding members from Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, NZ, Philippines and Thailand. Thirteen AAAP Animal Science Congresses have been held in its 28 year history. Hosting countries were Malaysia (1980), Philippines (1982), Korea (1985), NZ (1987), Taiwan (1990), Thailand (1992), Indonesia (1994), Japan (1996), Australia (2000), India (2002), Malaysia (2004), Korea (2006) and Vietnam(2008). In 1988, significant progress of the AAAP was made by creating an official English journal of the AAAP entitled "Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (AJAS)" under the initiative of the KSAS. This journal is now published monthly and distributed to more than 50 countries in the AAAP region and the world. It should be mentioned that the KSAS was able to successfully host the $3^{rd}$ AAAP Animal Science Congress in 1985 and the 12th in 2006, as well as the $8^{th}$ WCAP in 1998. During the last 50 years of KSAS history, per capita income of Korea increased to US$ 17,690 (268 fold), formula feed production increased to 15 million M/T (97 fold) and consumption of animal products increased to 105 kg/person/year (17 fold). Cattle, pig and chicken numbers also increased to 2.5 million (2.8 fold), 9 million (7.4 fold) and 119 million (13 fold). This trend was also found for China and Asia, even if the rate of growth was slightly lower than that of Korea. It is expected that a similar rate of growth in economics, animal numbers, formula feed production and animal protein intake will likely be achieved by other Asian countries in the $21^{st}$ century with somewhat lower rate of development than that of Korea.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.129-153
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• 2010

이 글에서 다루고자 하는 주요 퍼즐은 '왜 영국은 19세기 말 ~ 20세기 초 기간 동안 다른 국가와 달리 초국적기업이 출현하는 일반 구조를 발전시키지 못했는가?'이다. 이에 대해 필자는 비록 완전한 대답은 아니지만 근본적으로 영국 사회의 속성을 보여주는 '사회적 구성(Social construction)'의 맥락에서 그 원인을 규명하고자 한다. 이러한 목적 하에 이 글은 사건을 둘러싼 행위자들의 이해관계와 (사건에 대한)통제력이 빚어내는 사건의 가치 상승효과를 고려한다. 이 글의 결론은 다음과 같다: 첫째, 영국 사회 내에 팽배해 있었던 산업자본주의에 대한 경멸과 대기업 및 초국적 기업 육성의 필요성에 대한 영국 정부의 불식, 그리고 신사적 지배층의 확산과 더불어 수반된 시티의 상업-금융 자본가들의 영향력 확대 등도 영국 기업의 초국적화를 가로막았다. 둘째, 영국의 정치적 지배구조와 경제구조의 토대는 지속과 변화를 동시에 보여주었다. 1850년 이래 영국 사회구조는 점진적으로 시티의 상업-금융 자본가들의 영향력이 강화되는 구도로 형상화되었다. 그리고 그 결과는 제조업체의 초국적화가 아닌 금융서비스업의 초국적화였다. 셋째, 영국 엘리트 집단들이 주도한 사회연결망의 형상은 단절과 연계로 구분되는 행위자들의 이해관계와 통제력을 통해 구성된다. 서로의 이익이 상호보완적이었던 것과 달리 통제력의 차원에서 초기에는 지주계급과 상업-금융 자본가들의 자발적 동기에 기반 한 의도된 연계가 형성되었으나 결국 통제력의 소유는 산업자본가들을 배제한 채 상업-금융자본가들에게로 이전되어 사회연결망의 재구축이 이루어졌다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2011

본 연구는 NFC(Near Field Communication) 기술 기반의 세렌디피티 시스템의 설계와 구현을 목적으로 한다. NFC 기능이 탑재된 스마트폰은 계속 출시되고 있다. NFC 스마트폰의 보급으로 많은 장소에 NFC 태그가 설치되고 사용자들은 이를 터치하여 정보와 서비스를 제공받을 것으로 예상이 된다. 이러한 NFC가 활용되는 환경에서 사용자들이 어떤 NFC 태그를 터치할 때, 의외의 가치가 있는 발견을 하게 하는 세렌디피티(Serendipity) 서비스가 매우 핵심적인 생활 서비스로 등장할 가능성이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 태그 터치 데이터베이스, 세렌디피티 사례 베이스 데이터베이스, 세렌디피티 Rule 패턴 데이터베이스, 사용자 프로파일 데이터베이스를 활용하여, 사용자가 NFC 태그를 터치하면 사용자가 흥미, 유용성, 새로움을 느낄만한 거래 정보, 컨텐트, 서비스를 부가적으로 제공하는 신개념 서비스인 세렌디피티 서비스를 설계하고 이를 위한 발생 가능한 시나리오와 시스템을 설계한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 1998

The main focus of this paper is to provide clear understanding about the concept of make-up as total fashion by defining the essential meaning of it. First, we would like to go over the concept of make-up and total fashion, then analyze the make-up image, the changes of colors and images of make-up overtime and fashion that have influenced over those changes. In this paper, we analyze the trend of fashion and make-up in 1990s and their relevancy. Through this paper we hope that make-up can be accepted as a part of total fashion in its relationship with other elements such as shoes, clothes and accessory and that it can be considered as a independent art that has direct influence on people. The trend of Spring/Summer between 1990 and 92is the image of natural beauty and comfortable and modernistic image that can be experienced through nature. In 1992, there was a revival look of 1960s and 1970s. Make-up also followed this trend. The overall color tone was to give natural and stable images with pastel tone to soften the images. This tone brought back the ecology of 1960s. The theme of restoration in humanity and nostalgia was reflected in clothing, and these trend changed the ecology of make-up to peace, love and romantic ecology which was expressed in coral, blue, and green tone to create intelligent image of woman. Year 1996 could be called as color revolution period that emphasized the unique and individual expression of each person. In 1997, black, pastel and brown colors were the result of reinterpreting the classic and sexy images of 1960s to natural and modernistic image of 1997. Purple color started to be introduced to us. The beginning of 1990s Fall/Winter season was based on ecology concept that emphasized the natural image. Until 1995 it appeared that spring/summer and fall/winter trend had no big differences. But from 1995 seasonal differences in trend are appeared and there were various make-up designs. In 1995, 1996, brown color lines make-up comes to mix with romantic image and developed into wine, orange, neon colors. These color were the symbol of property and sentiment and gold make-up emphasizing the eye area was the tendency of that period. In 1997, the fear of coming end of century was expressed as decadent image and at that time ethnic image, romantic image appeared with vivid color lines, gold, red and violet.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2016

본 연구는 조선시대 청계천 주변의 가산에 대하여 그 위치와 장소를 확인하고, 근대화 과정 속에서 사라졌거나 변화된 모습의 현황을 확인해 보기 위한 것이다. 청계천 준설과 관련된 고문헌자료 및 고지도를 통한 문헌조사와 가산의 실제위치 및 현황을 파악하기 위한 현장조사로 진행되었다. 연구내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조선시대 청계천 관련 고문헌과 고지도를 통해서 청계천 주변 가산 관련 내용 및 기록을 선별하였고, 주로 세종 대에 지류 및 세류의 준설작업과 영조 대의 대규모 준설에 의해 가산이 조성되었다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 고지도에 나타난 청계천 주변의 가산 및 수림대의 위치를 파악하였으며, 그 위치가 오간수문을 중심으로 도성 안과 밖의 청계천 양안, 그 주변의 지류 주변임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 가산의 위치는 수선전도의 축척지도화방안을 토대로 고지도상의 가산을 현지도상에서 파악하고, 현지조사를 통해서 가산으로 표현된 장소들의 현황을 조사하였다. 연구결과 조선시대 청계천 주변에 조성된 가산은 대부분 19세기말 이래로 진행된 도시개발로 인해 사라졌지만 아직도 그 흔적이 일부 남아있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국과 국제사회
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.87-130
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• 2019

본 논문은 최근 남북한 군비통제의 추진현황과 과제를 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 군비통제의 이론적 개요, 최근 남북한 군비통제의 추진현황, 한반도 군비통제의 제약요인과 과제를 살펴본 후 결론을 도출해 본 것이다. 21세기 한민족의 공존공영을 위한 평화구조 정착을 위해 무엇보다 중요한 과제중의 하나는 첨예한 군사적 대결상태와 상호위협을 해소하기 위한 군비통제의 실현이라 할 수 있다. 2018년 평창동계올림픽을 계기로 한반도 평화와 비핵화를 위한 남북 북미정상회담과 후속회담을 통해 남북한 신뢰구축과 군비통제의 여건이 조성되어 가고 있다. 4.27 판문점선언과 '판문점선언 이행을 위한 군사적 합의' 등을 통해 남북한간의 군사적 신뢰구축 및 운용적 군비통제가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 남북한의 적대감 불신감의 잔존, 남북한과 주변국과의 방위조약, 주변국의 군비경쟁과 한반도에 대한 복잡한 이해관계 등의 군비통제의 제약요인(制約要因)이 존재하는바, 남북한의 군비통제에 대한 공감대의 형성과 신뢰구축이 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 우리는 장기적인 통일안보의 비전을 가지고 가능한 것부터 점진적이면서도 신중하게 한반도 대내외 역학관계의 국제적 군비통제의 추세를 고려하여 남북한간의 군비통제문제를 해결해 나가야 할 것이다,

• 적정기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.238-255
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• 2020

2019년말 발생한 COVID-19이 세계적 대유행으로 확산되면서, 선진국과 개발도상국을 가리지 않고 전세계의 의료 시스템을 동시에 무너뜨리는 초유의 사태로 나타나고 있다. 대부분의 시민 사회에서 개인의 보호장구의 부족, 클러스터가 된 지역사회의 격리, 진단과 치료에 필요한 의료시스템의 중단, 사회적 격리로 인한 교육 및 경제활동의 중단 등, 초연결 사회를 지향하던 시민사회가 경험해보지 못한 새로운 위기에 직면하고 있다. 효과적인 대응에 필수적인 개인 보호장비 (PPE), 제독 및 방역 도구, 신속하고 정밀한 대규모 진단, 환자 치료에 필요한 의료기기, 사회적 고립에서 활용될 수 있는 정보의 분석과 연결망 등은 선진국과 개발도상국을 가리지 않고 COVID-19 상황에서 필수적인 사회적 인프라임이 확인되고 있다. 본 Part 1에서는 최근 적정기술로 위기를 극복하기위한 개인보호장구와 개인 및 지역사회의 방역에 대한 사례, 그리고 ICT를 이용한 빅데이터 및 정보활용기술등을 적정기술의 테두리안에서 소개하고자 한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

Purpose - The Visegrád Group cooperation of the past 14 years and that of V4 for the past 20 years has very important significance in the 21st century that must be maintained. This cooperation is valuable because of the trade routes that connect northern Poland to the Balkans in southern Croatia, which forman important basis for the resuscitation of Central European development. Currently, because of the European manufacturing base and industrial development, an energy supply and stable energy distribution networks have been introduced to secure cooperation and not competition within the Visegrád Group. This paper's research emphasizes the supply chain hub in neighboring countries. Although Central and Eastern European countries are small, they can provide a competitive response to Western Europe if they collaborate with the V4 group and other countries. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects of this study in the Visegrád Group area are related to the development of Marketing and Distribution Sciences in the integrated European Union. In relation to the existing energy infrastructure, construction companies and financial institutions benefit from large-scale construction projects. Existing or new infrastructure facilities among the V4 must comply with the preconditions of regional energy markets. The network of emerging markets is changing into a European-logistics hub of new markets. This hub is closely associated with the economic development of European self-sustainment given that energy for distribution and consumption is imported from Russia. Therefore, this paper indirectly provides data on the regional distribution of energy as alternative bases in Europe for market expansion to Asia. Results - As a result, it appeared unlikely that V4 failed to implement homogeneity following the standards of Western Europe, as proposed by the EU. Throughout European history, individuals have gathered in Central Europe as an innovation hub. Currently, the region is being established independently for energy industrial development and not for tourism development, and is expected to play a central role in innovation and distribution consumption. Therefore, similar to Western and Northern Europe, V4 only appears to engage in distribution consumption on the basis of the identity that it formed for itself. This area is expected to either create a regional platform or a voice over a single economic policy. Conclusions - To this end, regarding the distribution of consumer groups within and outside the region, the V4 group is expected to be established for various policy areas and as a Eurasian outpost of trade and distribution logistics. In addition, given its purpose of engaging in the distribution of energy cooperation and trade clusters, the Visegrád Group will be in charge of the center axis of the bridge for distribution logistics trading partners from the Western Balkans to Caucasus and Eastern Europe. Thus, the Visegrád Group is entering this region as a platform for market share by enabling all or any investor can gain greater industrial benefits.