• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-56
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to draw the elements of encouraging language from the literatures of encouragement and develop the encouraging language model for elementary school teachers. To achieve this, first of all, the literatures about the methods of encouragement were collected. And then the collected literatures were categorized according to the main concept which each literature contained. As a result, 5 categories and 17 subcategories were drawn. 5 categories were valuing a child as a human-being itself, trusting a child, thinking rationally about a child's mistakes, giving a feedback about a child's behaviors non-evaluatively, and reflecting a child's positive feeling. These 5 categories were established as the elements of encouraging language. The encouraging language model was developed on the bases of the 5 elements of encouraging language. The model was constructed of the examples of encouraging language in various classroom situations. The model contains various situations which elementary school teachers often confront in their classrooms. And the model shows the examples of encouraging language proper for each situation. Every example was constructed on the bases of the elements of encouraging language.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2011

This study was to examine the effects of teacher's encouraging language on elementary student's adjustment to school life. To achieve this purpose, teacher's encouraging language were drawn from Adlerian literatures and ten principles of encouragement were established as the following: recognizing the student's values and potentials, putting an emphasis on student's positive sides, helping the student realize his or her own strength, tolerating student's mistakes, using perceptual alternatives, practicing self-encouragement, accepting and supporting opponents, stimulating internal motivations, and emphasizing social usefulness. Subjects were 34 1st graders at J elementary school in CheonNam. 17 subjects were assigned to experiment group and 17 subjects were assigned to control group. Teacher's encouraging language were applied to experiment group and teacher's usual languages were provided to control group for ten weeks. The quantitative data were collected through Elementary school adjustment behavior rating scale(Oh, 2009) and were analysed via ANCOVA. The qualitative data were collected through observations and products of the subjects and were analysed via qualitative methods. The results showed that teacher's encouraging language had a positive effect on the student's adjustment to school life.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.249-258
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• 2002

We propose an algorithm for the automatic acquisition of a bilingual lexicon in the legal domain. We make use of a parallel corpus of bilingual court judgments, aligned to the sentence level, and analyse the bilingual context profiles to extract corresponding legal terms in both languages. Our method is different from those in past studies as it does not require any prior knowledge source, and naturally extends to multi-word terms in either language. A pilot test was done with a sample of ten legal terms, each with ten or more occurrences in the data. Encouraging results of about 75% average accuracy were obtained. This figure does not only reflect the effectiveness of the method for bilingual lexicon acquisition, but also its potential for bilingual alignment at the word or expression level.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.233-254
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• 2003

This paper analyzed the effect of using a content-based English textbook in teaching English to Korean college students. The textbook reflected the recent trend in EFL/ESL development that subject matters should be taught as part of the language instruction. The analysis of the questionnaire survey conducted to college students at the end of the semester revealed an encouraging result that this new type of ELT college textbook is effective in helping Korean college students prepare for learning their subject areas through English. Based on this positive outcome, a suggestion is made that the current general purpose college English teaching curriculum be shifted toward a content-based specific purpose type to accommodate the increasing demand of learning subject areas through English in colleges in Korea.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.199-221
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• 2002

Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning(MALL) has recently been studied by many researchers. It has been reported that MALL is very effective in encouraging students' desire for learning, promoting their self-directed learning, and improving their communicative competence. Also, it has been evident that it depends on the quality of multimedia courseware whether MALL will be successful or not. However, many researchers have pointed out that most of multimedia coursewares coming into the market have little to do with our curriculum and they are not suitable for the use in the regular classroom. More multimedia coursewares that reflect our curriculum need to be developed. This paper first tries to explore the cognitive, constructivist, and psychological theories supportive of the development of multimedia courseware and then presents the overall procedure for designing and developing a multimedia courseware pursuant to the 7th English curriculum in the middle school. The multimedia courseware developed through this research is expected to enhance middle school students' communicative language skills in English and promote the development of multimedia coursewares of high quality.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1409-1425
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• 2021

In wide-ranging information society, fast and easy access to information in language of one's choice is indispensable, which may be provided by using various multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. Natural language text contains references among different language elements, called anaphoric links. Resolving anaphoric links is a key problem in NLP. Anaphora resolution is an essential part of NLP applications. Anaphoric links need to be properly interpreted for clear understanding of natural languages. For this purpose, a mechanism is desirable for the identification and resolution of these naturally occurring anaphoric links. In this paper, a framework based on Hobbs syntactic approach and a system developed by Lappin & Leass is proposed for resolution of reflexive anaphoric links, present in Urdu text documents. Generally, anaphora resolution process takes three main steps: identification of the anaphor, location of the candidate antecedent(s) and selection of the appropriate antecedent. The proposed framework is based on exploring the syntactic structure of reflexive anaphors to find out various features for constructing heuristic rules to develop an algorithm for resolving these anaphoric references. System takes Urdu text containing reflexive anaphors as input, and outputs Urdu text with resolved reflexive anaphoric links. Despite having scarcity of Urdu resources, our results are encouraging. The proposed framework can be utilized in multilingual NLP (m-NLP) applications.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.250-265
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• 2018

Thailand is one of the ASEAN countries and is said to be the most visited country in Southeast Asia. Despite its development, Thailand falls as one of the countries with the lowest rates of English proficiency. This article is written to describe one of the possible factors of Thailand's low English proficiency, which is the foreign language anxiety of students. This article outlines references regarding the English language anxiety of Thai students and uses them as a basis in distinguishing English language anxiety among nursing students in Boromarajonani College of Nursing Nakhon Lampang, Thailand (BCNLP). A survey was conducted using a questionnaire based on the FLCA Scale by Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope, (1986) with a focus group consisting of 80 participants randomly selected from $1^{st}$ year to $4^{th}$ year nursing students of BCNLP. As found in the survey there were two sources of English language anxiety among nursing students: 1. Fear of negative evaluation due to unpreparedness, and feeling and thinking that others are better in language learning as the main factors; and 2. Communicating apprehension, where in speaking without preparation, speaking in the foreign language in front of other students, and self-doubt about one's ability to speak in the foreign language are the highest ranked causes of anxiety. The results indicate two main problems: unpreparedness and self-concept. Therefore, it is recommended that English Language classes should be taught with the learner-centered approach and that instructors should put importance in preparing the students during class, and encouraging them to increase a positive self-concept towards English language learning.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Apartment is characterized by its various households occupying a unit each in the same building, and its shared space is important in that it supports the living, exchange of information and communication between neighbors, thereby creating a sense of community. This study focused on coming up with designs to vitalize the shared space in the apartment, and to do that, Christopher Alexander's pattern language was applied to analyze the patterns found in the apartment shared space, find improvements and propose the design methods that reflect the unique characteristics of designs in Korea. The study is mainly based on literary review and field research. (1) The definition and composition of shared space and Christopher Alexander's pattern language are examined; (2) The field research is performed to analyze the patterns in the shared space of the apartments that have been planned recently in order to find the problems and elements that can be improved; and The above is reflected and proposed as a design method. The study will help rediscover the significance of space by proposing the methodology for shared space design, encouraging the use of shared space and contributing to the enhancement of community.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.721-727
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• 2011

This paper compares the English language programs of two maritime institutes in very different parts of the world, South Korea and Belgium. It will show that although both institutes comply with the minimum standard set by the STCW Code issued by the IMO, course contents and requirements can vary greatly. Method of class delivery, choice of learning tools and testing will be examined to illustrate some of these differences. This paper will show that in order to train new seafarers in the best possible way that will fulfill the IMO mandate of Safer Shipping and Cleaner Oceans, continual review and development of course curriculum should be an ongoing process that focusing on encouraging cadets to communicate in a targeted, efficient and professional way within a nautical context. This paper will show by comparison the huge potential that the Korean Maritime English program has for positive change and growth.

• Language and Information
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-40
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• 2003

In this paper, we have proposed Auto-TUS, an automatic transcription module of three union symbols-hyphen, dash and tilde (‘­’, ‘―’, ‘∼’)-using their linguistic contexts. Few previous studies have discussed the problems of ambiguities in transcribing symbols into Korean alphabetic letters. We have classified six different reading formulae of the union symbols, analyzed the left and right contexts of the symbols, and investigated selection rules and distributions between the symbols and their contexts. Based on these linguistic features, 86 stereotyped patterns, 78 rules and 8 heuristics determining the types of reading formulae are suggested for Auto-TUS. This module works modularly in three steps. The pilot test was conducted with three test suites, which contains respectively 418, 987 and 1,014 clusters of words containing a union symbol. Encouraging results of 97.36%, 98.48%, 96.55% accuracy were obtained for three test suites. Our next phases are to develop a guessing routine for unknown contexts of the union symbols by using statistical information; to refine the proper nouns and terminology detecting module; and to apply Auto-TUS on a larger scale.