• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.745-750
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• 2004

The objective of this collaborative study was to establish a Korean standard of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (mouse brain-derived, formalin-inactivated) for potency assay. A candidate preparation proposed as a Korean standard was provided by GreenCross Vaccine, and six laboratories, including one national control laboratory and five manufacturers of JE vaccine, participated in the study. The potency of the candidate preparation and a reference standard obtained from Japan was estimated by mouse immunogenicity assay using the in vitro plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The results of 72 assays conducted by the 6 laboratories showed that the overall mean potency estimate of the candidate preparation was 2.455 log median plaque reduction neutralization antibody titer per 0.5-ml dosage administered twice in mice at 7-day intervals, and that the mean potency ratio of the candidate preparation relative to the reference standard was 1.074. The potency estimates were quite variable among laboratories irrespective of the preparation. The variability of assays assessed by Z scores and coefficient of variation (CV) were in general within the level of acceptance (Z scores within $\pm3$ and $CV\;\leq\;15%$). Therefore, we concluded that the candidate preparation would be suitable as a national standard for testing the potency of JE vaccine (inactivated).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2022

This survey was performed to monitor the spread of specific mosquito-borne pathogens at Jeonbuk. The frequency of occurrence of mosquito borne pathogens including Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, and yellow fever virus was assessed by collecting mosquitoes twice a month from March to December 2021 from various areas in Jeonbuk. A total of 15,975 mosquitoes from 15 species and 7 genera were collected. The highest number of 9,116 mosquitoes (trap index: TI, 506.4) were collected in the Wanju cattle pen, followed by the habitat for migratory birds and the downtown area in Jeonju. In the Gunsan habitat for migratory birds, 3,217 mosquitoes (TI, 178.7) were collected in the reed fields, 356 (TI, 19.7) in the men's toilets, and 1,948 (TI, 108.2) in the women's toilets. In Jeonju, 677 mosquitoes (TI, 37.6) were collected in the Deokjin park, 358 (TI, 19.8) in the Deokjin-gu office, and 303 (TI, 16.8) at the Jeonbuk National University. The largest population of mosquitoes was collected in the men's toilets in Gunsan and the Deokjin Park in downtown Jeonju. The results of the RT-PCR confirmation to determine the pathogen infection of the collected mosquitoes were all negative. These results provide a basis for tackling integrated mosquito-borne diseases in the Jeonbuk region.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.135-139
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• 2016

Scrophularia ningpoensis hemsl has been traditionally used in China and Vietnam for treatment of bacteria, atopy, pimple, tonsillitis, angina and encephalitis for a long time. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Scrophularia ningpoensis hemsl extract on biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial activity was conducted using disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth micro dilution method in accordance to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines(CLSI). Furthermore, cytotoxicity on L929 were assessed using animal cell culture for the proliferation test(MTT cell assay) and the biofilm forming capacity of the K. pneumoniae were determined using the colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The extract exhibited considerable antibacterial activity. K. pneumoniae was susceptible to the extract with the MIC and MBC of 0.1875 and $1.5mg/m{\ell}$ respectively. Cytoxicity test in L929 showed no sign of toxicity at the concentration of $0.75mg/m{\ell}$ and at the same concentration the extract caused inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation. The extract of Scrophularia ningpoensis hemsl possesses an in vitro antibacterial antibiofilm activities against K. pneumoniae, with no sign of cytoxicity on L929.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.853-858
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• 1998

A case of repeated bovine abortion caused by Neospora caninum is described. The 3-year-old Holstein cow, which was seropositive to N caninum antibody by indirect immunofluoresent assay, aborted consecutively within a 10-month period. Two fetuses of 6- or 5-month of gestation were aborted in June 1996 and March 1997, respectively. Histologically, multifocal necrotizing encephalitis, nonsuppurative periportal hepatitis, myocarditis, and myositis were observed in both fetuses. Tachyzoites or tissue cysts detected in the brain, heart and liver were positive to N caninum but negative to Toxoplasma gondii by immunohistochemical method. The results of our study demonstrate that repeated abortion due to N caninum actually occurs in Korea. This is believed to the first report of repeated abortion associated with N caninum in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2015

This case report describes the symptoms and clinical course of a 35-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with a temporo-sphenoidal encephalocele. It is characterized by herniation of cerebral tissue of the temporal lobe through a defect of the skull base localized in the middle fossa. At the time of first presentation the patient complained about recurrent nasal discharge of clear fluid which had begun some weeks earlier. She also reported that three months earlier she had for the first time suffered from a generalized seizure. In a first therapeutic attempt an endoscopic endonasal approach to the sphenoid sinus was performed. An attempt to randomly seal the suspicious area failed. After frontotemporal craniotomy, it was possible to localize the encephalocele and the underlying bone defect. The herniated brain tissue was resected and the dural defect was closed with fascia of the temporalis muscle. In summary, the combination of recurrent rhinorrhea and a first-time seizure should alert specialists of otolaryngology, neurology and neurosurgery of a temporo-sphenoidal encephalocele as a possible cause. Treatment is likely to require a neurosurgical approach.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2018

This survey is performed for the vector mosquitoes including of Japanese encephalitis, Malaria and West niles virus. Black light traps were installed in 5 sites (Sejong lake, Janggun-myeon, Jeonui-myeon, Yeongi-myeon, Bukang-myeon). Mosquitoes were collected twice every week from five collection sites using a black light trap from May to September. A total of 10 species belonging to 4 genera, 14,234 female mosquitoes were collected and identified as vector mosquitoes. Among ten mosquito species, Culex pipiens complex was the most commonly mosquitoes (6,163 individuals, 43.3%). The greatest number of Culex pipiens pallens was trapped in the first week of July. A total of 115 pools from 14,234 mosquitoes were prepared according to their species, collection date and site. We have screened infection of virus in mosquitoes. All of virus were not detected in mosquitoes. Our findings confirm that population and first appearance time of vectors mosquitoes and virus infection in Sejong city.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.484-489
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• 2000

Enterovirues may cause gastrointestinal symptoms, cold, and fever, mainly in young children. They are also recognized as important agents in acute infections of the central nervous system such as meningitis and encephalitis, and in subacute and chronic infections of the cardiovascular system such as pericarditis, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. They also can lead to postviral fatigue syndrome. For the detection of enteroviruses from the environmental samples, the combined cell culture-polymerase chain reaction (CC-PCR) technique was employed. In contrast to EPA standard method which mainly depends on the cell culture, it involved the use of cell culture, followed by PCR to improve the sensitivity and the accuracy of the test. According to the results of survey, from 1999 to 2000, for the presence of enteroviruses in the surface water samples from Nak-dong river, four out of twelve samples were positive for viruses. The titer of viruses in the surface water was ranged from 25 to 250 MPN. All of the viruses isolated were poliovirus type I with 98% nucleotide sequence homology. The result also clearly suggests the seasonal difference in the distribution of the waterborne enteroviruses in surface water because most of the viruses were mainly detected from the summer through the early autumn.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2001

Randomly selected 435 clones from Acanthamoeba healyi cDNA library were sequenced and a total of 387 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) had been generated. Based on the results of BLAST search, 130 clones (34.4%) were identified as the genes enconding surface Proteins , enzymes for DNA, energy Production or other metabolism, kinases and phosphatases, protease, proteins for signal transduction, structural and cytoskeletal proteins, cell cycle related proteins, transcription factors, transcription and translational machineries, and transporter proteins. Most of the genes (88.5%) are newly identified in the genus Acanthamoeba. Although 15 clones matched the genes of Acanthamoeba located in the public databases, twelve clones were actin gene which was the most frequently expressed gene in this study. These ESTs of Acanthamoeba would give valuable information to study the organism as a model system for biological investigations such as cytoskeleton or cell movement, signal transduction, transcriptional and translational regulations. These results would also provide clues to elucidate factors for pathogenesis in human granulomatous amoebic encephalitis or keratitis by Acanthamoeba.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 1992

Five puppies, 14 days old in the same litter showed acute symptoms such as painful crying, anorexia, abdominal pain and depression with fatal terminations. Necropsy of a puppy revealed hemorrhagic and necrotic foci in the lungs and kidney. The histological lesions were characterized with fibro-necrotizing foci in the lungs, nonsuppurative encephalitis and intranuclear inclusions of liver cells. A cytopathogenic agent was isolated from the thoracic fluid of a dead puppy by cell culture with primary dog kidney cells. The puppies inoculated with the field isolate showed the same clinical signs and lesions as those of the spontaneous cases. Viral particles were observed in suspension of the isolated agent by electron microscopy. The primary dog kidney cells infected with the field isolate showed fluorescent foci against anti-CHV monoclonal antibody after FA stain. On these findings of the disease it was diagnosed as CHV infection. The report signifies the first description of an epizootic of CHV infection in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.569-581
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis of canine herpesvirus(CHV) infection in dogs. The 17 puppies, one day old, delivered from CHV seronegative 3 dams were divided into two groups. The 13 puppies were inoculated intranasally with 1ml of CHV-KK inoculum($5{\times}10^{5.6}TCID_{50}/ml$) and 4 puppies were served as control. And then the puppies were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 and 7 days after the treatment, and collected blood, nasal mucosa, trigeminal nerve, trigeminal ganglion, bone marrow, eye, brain and other major organs. These organs were examined histopathologically and electron microscopically. The platelets of puppies infected with CHV were dramatically decreased because of the damages of vascular endothelial cells. Histopathologically, necrotizing vasculitis and neuritis were proceeded the generalized focal necrosis of all organs. Necrotic changes in trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal nerve and ventroposteriomedial nucleus of thalamus were observed in 4 puppies infected with CHV. Herpesviral particles, various forms of maturation, were observed in endothelial cells of the alveolar capillary and hepatic sinusoid with electron microscopy. These results suggest that the generalized focal necrcsis of all organs including brain and eyes in canine herpesvirus infection were resulted from generalized vasculitis, and also the hemonecrotizing meningoencephalitis was related to the necrosis of trigeminal nerve pathway.