• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.58-61
• /
• 2013

Enterovirus commonly causes neurologic diseases (aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, etc.), hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. However, it rarely causes pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. In Korea, no case has been reported about pneumonia caused by enterovirus in healthy adults. We can cite the case of a 20-year-old woman who presented severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by enterovirus. The diagnosis was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of a respiratory specimen.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2014

Channelopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from the dysfunction of ion channels located in the membranes of all cells and many cellular organelles. These include diseases of the nervous system (e.g., generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia, and hyperkalemic and hypokalemic periodic paralysis), the cardiovascular system (e.g., long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), the respiratory system (e.g., cystic fibrosis), the endocrine system (e.g., neonatal diabetes mellitus, familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis, and familial hyperaldosteronism), the urinary system (e.g., Bartter syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, and hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia), and the immune system (e.g., myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica, Isaac syndrome, and anti-NMDA [N-methyl-D-aspartate] receptor encephalitis). The field of channelopathies is expanding rapidly, as is the utility of molecular-genetic and electrophysiological studies. This review provides a brief overview and update of channelopathies, with a focus on recent advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms that may help clinicians better understand, diagnose, and develop treatments for these diseases.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2020

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a heterogeneous encephalopathy with diverse clinical presentations. Here we report on a 69-year-old woman who presented with confusion, aphasia, fever, and focal ictal discharges. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and a workup for other fever origins revealed no abnormality and a high level of thyroperoxidase antibody was detected, which findings led to a diagnosis of HE. The symptoms subsided after treatment. This study highlights the importance of considering HE in patients presenting with fever and abnormal EEG findings.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.80-82
• /
• 2004

A 3 month-old male dog with clinical signs of anorexia, soft stool, ocular and nasal discharge, cough and respiratory distress was submitted to the Cheju National University for diagnosis. At necropsy, tan to pulp]e-red sublobar to lobar consolidations were presented in apical and cardiac lobe of lung. Histopathologically, severe diffuse bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrotic bronchiolitis was noted in the lung. The demyelinating encephalitis and astrocytosis were presented in cerebellum and cerebrum. Numerous round, ovoid or cluster of tachyzoites were also identified in alveolar lumen, alveolar wall and cytoplasm of macrophages in the lung. The orgasnisms were demonstrated as Toxoplasma (T) gondii by immunohistochemistry. Intranuclear or intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies were seen in the glial cells of the cerebellum. Canine distemper virus (CDV) specific antigens were demonstrated in the cerebellum by the immunohistochemistry. In our knowledge, this is believed to be the first confirmed report of co-infection of CDV and T gondii in dog in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.25-27
• /
• 1980

The outbreak of viral encephalomyelitis (Talfan disease) in suckling piglets was diagnosed pathologically for the first time in Korea. The clinical signs of affected sucklings were very high morbidity without death, and fever ($39^{\circ}C$ or higher) with incoordination of the rear limbs and paresis, while no specific gross lesions were observed at autopsy. Histopathological changes were confined to the nervous system, and were of the nature of a nonsuppurative and nondemyelinating encephalomyelitis which is usual for the viral encephalitis. It was characterized by perivascular cuffing, meningitis, neuronal degeneration, neuronophagia and glial nodules in the brain and spinal cord.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.78-80
• /
• 2006

Miller-Fisher syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome with ophthalmoplegia, Bickerstaff s brainstem encephalitis and acute ophthalmoplegia share some clinical features, and common anti-GQ1b IgG antibody and these are introduced as anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome. These syndromes mostly present with paralysis of extraocular muscles and internal ophthalmoplegia rarely occurs. We report a case of acute isolated bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia associated with anti-GQ1b IgG antibody.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.170-170
• /
• 2008

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.266-269
• /
• 1997

Herpes zoster is a relatively common disease caused by Varicella-Zoster virus and characterized by a vesicular dermatomal rash and a variety of neurologic manifestations. These neurologic symptoms include herpes zoster neuralgia, myelitis, encephalitis, cranial arteritis, segmental and rarely polyradiculitis. This report is a case of a 57-year-old female with herpes zoster paresis affecting the arm and hand. Herpetic pain was much relieved after continuous cervical epidural blockade. However, fifty days after onset of ailment, she complained motor paralysis. EMG of muscles innervated by the left $C_8$ and $T_1$ roots revealed high frequency denervation potentials and large amplitude polyphasic motor units. We recommended physiotherapy and aggressive exercise therapy of the hand. After eighty days of therapy, denervated spontaneous activities disappeared on EMG. Clinically, strength of muscles had nearly recovered to 75% of normal strength in left hand intrinsics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2000

A hiccup is an involuntary, spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm accompanied by a sudden closure of the glottis, which is reported commonly in patients with brain stem disease such as ischemic stroke, dolichoectatic basilar artery, tumor, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis. 1) Intractable hiccup is an uncommon, chronic and incapacitating disturbance defined as a hiccup bout lasting more than 48hours or recurring despite various treatments and affecting male subjects more than female. 2) Constipation and hiccup are common symptoms in stroke patients and purgation therapy has been often used. We discovered two patients who had a hiccup symptom after purgation therapy(diarrhea) and so reported course and result of treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.9
• /
• pp.859-862
• /
• 2010

Transient magnetic resonance (MR) signal changes in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) arise from many different conditions, including encephalopathy or encephalitis caused by infection, seizures, metabolic derangements, and asphyxia. Few case reports exist on reversible SCC lesions associated with rotavirus infection. A benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) is frequently associated with rotaviral infections. This entity is characterized by normal laboratory findings, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging, and good prognosis. We report a case of a 2.5-year-old Korean girl with rotavirus-associated CwG demonstrating a reversible SCC lesion on diffusion-weighted MR images. She developed 2 episodes of brief generalized tonic-clonic seizure with mild acute gastroenteritis without any other neurologic abnormality. Stool test for rotavirus antigen was positive. Brain MRI done on the day of admission showed a linear high signal intensity and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient values on the SCC. The lesion completely disappeared on follow-up MRI 6 days later. The patient fully recovered without any sequelae.