• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.85-111
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• 2012

Introduction : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceptual characteristics of consumers and intent of relational continuance for PB(Private Brand) products in discount stores. This study was conducted as an empirical study based on survey. For the empirical study, factors of PB products as characteristics perceived by consumers such as perceived quality, store image, brand image and perceived value were deduced from preceding studies. The effect of such factors on intent of relational continuance mediated by brand trust and brand equity of PB products was structurally examined. Research Model : Based on theory analysis and hypotheses, constructed a Structural Equation Model(SEM). The research model is shown in Figure 1. Research Method : This paper is based on s qualitative study of selected literature and empirical data. The survey for empirical study was carried out on consumers in Gyeonggi and Busan between January 2012 and May 2012. 300 surveys were distributed and 253 (84.3%) of them were returned. After excluding omissions and insincere responses, 245 surveys (81.6%) were used for final analysis as effective samples. Result : First of all, the Reliability was carried out for instrument used. The lower limit of 0.7 for Cronbach's Alpha as suggested by Hair et al. (1998). And Construct validity was established by carrying out exploratory factor analysis by Varimax rotation for all. Four factor result for the consumer's perceptual characteristics of PB Products, two mediating factors and one dependent factor. All constructs included in research framework have acceptable validity and reliability. Table 1 shows the factor loading, eigen value, explained variance and Cronbach's alpha for each factor. In order to assure validity of constructs, I implemented Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), using AMOS 20.0. In confirmatory factor analysis, researcher can take control over the specification of indicators for each factor by hypothesizing that a specific factor is loaded with the relevant indicators. Moreover, CFA is particularly useful in the validation of scale for the measurement of specific construct. CFA result summarized Table 2 shows that the fit measures of all constructs fulfill the recommended level and loadings are significant. To test causal relationship between constructs in the research model, used AMOS 20.0 that provides a graphic module as method for analysing Structural Equation Modeling. The result of hypothesis test is shown in Table 3. As a result of empirical study, perceived quality, brand image and perceived value as selected attributes for PB products showed significantly positive (+) effect on brand trust and brand equity. Furthermore, brand trust and brand equity showed significantly positive (+) effect on intent of relational continuance. However, store image of discount stores selling the PB products was analyzed to have positive (+) effect on brand trust and no significant effect on brand equity. Discussion : Based on the results of this study, the relationship between overall quality, store image, brand image and value perceived by consumers about PB products and intent of relational continuance was structurally verified as being mediated by brand trust and brand equity. Looking at the results, a strategic approach that maximizes brand trust and equity value for PB products by large discount stores is required on top of basic efforts to improve quality, brand image and value of PB products in order to maximize consumer's intent of relational continuance and to continuously attract repeated purchase of products.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.793-809
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• 2013

This study examined the trend and aesthetic value of image fashion of the 21st century through empirical case study with image media as fashion communication tool. This research is intended to provide the basic material for both better comprehension of image fashion as emotional medium in the modern fashion and more activated research on interactivity and communication in the fashion communication area by examining how fashion designers deliver their design philosophy, thought and vision via image fashion. For the research method, the theoretical study was realized about image media and fashion communication with focus on related literature and precedent research. Also, the empirical study was performed about image fashion covering 2005 through 2012 by the group of fashion film, fashion animation, and video look-book. Fashion image in the research was developed into various layouts that include the story based or non-story based creative images, many kinds of episode or behind-the-scenes story in the prep course of collection, designer's personal life or product world, or re-cutting course after collection. It also played a communicative role for public relation of new product ad, concept conveyance of seasonal collections, means as online collection to substitute for the existing offline collections, and better understandings of designer or fashion brand. Aesthetic values derived from case analysis of image fashion in the modern fashion of 21st century appeared in the form of trans-boundary as convergence art, fantasy in harmony with virtuality and reality, and interactivity among the humans, image media and fashions.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 1998

This research investigates the factors of participatory activities in coalition between industy firms and research universities. An empirical analyses research was conducted with 375 sample small and medium sized firms in Kwangju-Chonnam area. The present conditions of the object firms' product design were explored in terms of competitive positions in markets. The results show that the object firms have not much engaged In the coalition with regional universities, but want to have a close relationship for the purpose of product design development. Several t- test analyses were employed to discriminate the groups of pro-colation and con-coalition between firm and university. The results indicate that the perception of design importance as competitive means and business success, the level of present design capability, and the possession of design patent were the important variables to differentiate the two groups. This research draws the implications to enhance the coalitions between firm and universities by utilizing the empirical results.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2017

Purpose - Service employees who work at airline check-in counters in airport are typically employed to undergo emotional labor. Emotional labor of airport service employees is an important managerial issue that must be solved. This study attempts to examine the underlying mechanism of emotional labor on turnover intention. It focuses on the consequences of emotional labor of service employees. The purpose of this study is to examine and empirically test how the two-types of emotional labor(deep-acting & surface-acting) of service employees differently affect the level of their job satisfaction and job stress. It also investigates the relationship between job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention. For this purpose, first, this study identified the structural relationship between emotional labor, job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention. Second, it investigated the mediating effects of job satisfaction between deep-acting and turnover intention. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically test these structural relationships among research variables, data were collected by a interview from service manager of domestic airline companies and survey from 179 service employees who are working at single domestic airline check-in counters in airports in Korea using a self-rating questionnaire with total 19 items dealing with emotional labor, job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention. To test the research hypotheses, collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structure equation model (SEM). Results - This study obtains meaningful research results. The results from this study are as follows. First, deep-acting has a positive effect on job satisfaction, whereas, deep-acting has a negative effect on job satisfaction. Second, surface-acting has a positive effect on job stress, whereas, the effects of surface-acting on job satisfaction did not show statistically significant result. Also, job satisfaction has partial mediating roles to the relationship between deep-acting and turnover intention. Conclusions - Based on the results of this empirical study, emotional labor of service employees is one of the key factors influencing their job satisfaction and job stress. In particular, deep-acting is the important factor in emotional labor to increase job satisfaction and reduce job stress. Finally, theoretical, managerial implications, and research limitations are mentioned in discussion parts.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.39-56
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between environment-friendly housing behaviors and the influential variables among consumers by focusing on housing life. This research carried out a questionnaire survey with housewives living in Seoul and the Metropolitan area using a questionnaire that was composed based on previous research. The housewives' environment-friendly housing attitudes and their resource-saving knowledge level, along with environmental education-related variables, house ownership, and the housewives' employment appeared to be significant variables in explaining the generic environment-friendly housing behaviors found in this research. Three regression equations, classified into purchasing, utilization, and disposal behaviors, were employed. The empirical results were relatively similar to those for the generic environment-friendly housing behaviors; however, each model provided somewhat different results in some specific aspects. All the environmental education-related variables appeared to be significant in explaining environment-friendly housing utilization behaviors, and were similar to the results obtained from the generic environment-friendly housing behaviors. However, the variables were limited in explaining environment-friendly housing-related disposal behaviors. The convenience, recycling ease, and family-structure variables appeared to be significant influences on environment-friendly housing-related disposal behaviors. Most empirical results of this research were consistent with those of previous studies. However, the explanatory independent variables varied, depending on the types of each domain of environment-friendly housing behaviors studied.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.37-62
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• 2017

To analyze the effects of R&D expenditure on the firm value of Korean firms, we classified portfolios based on R&D activity levels. After that, we conducted a time-series analysis to assess excess returns from the portfolios. To carry out such an analysis, an empirical analysis of excess returns in the capital market was performed by using the monthly earning rate of stocks from 2000 to 2013. The purpose of this research is to provide basic data on investment to stakeholders in the capital market by analyzing the effects of R&D on the firm value and to overcome scholarly limitations by offering a new model of analysis. The criteria for classifying the portfolios were based on R&D expenditure levels. The analysis models follow the Fama-French Three-Factor Model and the Carhart Four-Factor Model. The analyses results are as follows. Extrapolating monthly profit rates based on R&D expenditure levels, portfolios with low R&D expenditures showed higher earning rates than those with high R&D expenditures. This suggests that high R&D expenditures did not translate into high earning rates. The investor depreciates the R&D expenditures related profitability and the possibility of success in the market, leading to falls in stock prices and a failure to give a positive effect on the firm value. Our research differs from the previous investigations as we carried out an empirical analysis based on the actual investors' attitudes about R&D expenditures and how these can generate excess earnings. Our research results show that the data related to R&D expenditure are not reflected fully in the market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.43
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• pp.125-142
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• 1999

This research was aimed to present a model of clothing products evaluation nd to classify the effect of extrinsic cues on clothing products evaluation. In order to accomplish following subjects were established. First it is to find the effect of extrinsic cues -price brand store - on perceived quality perceived risk perceived value and purchase intention of clothing products. Second it is to formulate a model of clothing products evaluation and find the relation among the variables such as extrinsic cues perceived quality perceived risk perceived value and purchase intention. This research was mainly divided into theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part previous theories and studies on clothing products cues clothing products evaluation perceived quality perceived risk and perceived value were examined to establish a research model and to present a theoretical frame for clothing products evaluation. In the empirical research a questionnaire was developed and statistical data were collected from during July 1997. The subjects were 862 women in the age of 20-35 living in Seoul and kyungki region. SAS and LISREL were used to analyze the collected data. frequency percentage factor analysis ANOVA duncan test correlation analysis regression analysis and LISREL were applied. The results of this research are as follows: First perceived quality consists of performance quality external quality and utility quality in a form of multi dimensional structural. Perceived risk is structured by social/resultant risk financial/fashionable risk and performance/management risk. Second this research proved that extrinsic cues are influenced by each individual variable and extrinsic cues interact with each other through the variable. The perceived quality is influenced most by price Among the perceived risk social/resultant risk by brand financial/fashionable risk by price and performance/management risk by store. respectively. Perceived value is inflenced by price and brand. Third in evaluating process consumer use extrinsic cues to first formulate perceived quality and perceived risk of clothing products and then formulate perceived value ot decide on purchase intention.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

This study is about basic sensor experiment using PDPS by common pencil. 20 mm length, 3 mm thickness of line using 4B pencil is optimum condition. In order to be stable at point of contact between pencil line and copper wire, silver paste is needed. At using the PDPS, thermal detecting is able and thermal properties is inversely proportional to electrical resistance in the based on empirical formula. The sensor can be also used in the composites mold via the empirical formula by the relationship between thermal impact and electrical resistance. The change of electrical resistance relates the interfacial property of composites. It leads to expectation of properties.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.266-273
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• 2017

In recent years, LNG bunkering terminals are needed to supply LNG as fuel to meet the emission requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). A floating LNG bunkering terminal (FLBT) is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly LNG bunkering systems for storing LNG and transferring it directly to an LNG fuel vessel. The FLBT maintains its position using mooring systems such as spread mooring and turret mooring. The loads on the vessel and mooring lines must be carefully determined to maintain their positions within the operable area. In this study, the wind loads acting in several side-by-side arrangements on the FLBT and LNG-BS were estimated using wind tunnel tests in the Force Technology, and the shielding effect due to the presence of ships upstream was evaluated. In addition, the empirical formulations proposed by Fujiwara et al. (2012) were used to estimate the wind force coefficients acting on the FLBT and those results were compared with experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.471-479
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• 2018

This research examines the sustainable mutual growth of academia and industry regarding human resource cultivation and recruitment of local communities. at the beginning of regularized survival competitions and university innovations according to University Basic Competence Evaluations and etc., This research considers the substantive effect of educational resources of universities on recruitment rates in the pursuit of enhancing university-industry cooperation. Therefore, to identify factors of recruitment rates, we employ a university-wise index based on a quantitative index of educational resources of universities. Regarding study methods, set-up and verification of hypothesis, empirical analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, and correlation analysis are used to identify the correlation between dependent variables and independent variables based on the three sub-indexes of open records at Higher Education including educational environments, educational finances, and research achievements. Implications were derived from multiple regression analysis results regarding education conditions and recruitment rates, educational finances and recruitment rates, and research achievement and recruitment rates. This research can be extended to predict regional university recruitment rates with empirical analysis considering regional characteristics.