• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.39
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• pp.157-179
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• 1999

This study is an empirical research to analyze how many private income transfers in Korea decrease poverty rate, to compare the effects of private income transfers' decreasing poverty rate with income classes. This study has utilised the Family Income and Expenditure Survey to estimate the poverty ratio in urban areas and Unemployment Household Survey which Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs has investigated at 1998. Majour findins are these. First, Sizes of private transfers incomes are much than that of public transfers incomes. The rates in receiving private transfers income are ten times higher than that in receiving public transfers income among urban worker's household. The mean of private transfer income are about six times larger than that of public transfer income among urban worker's household. Second, the effects of private income transfers' reducing poverty rates are not large. After private transfers, urbarn workers' households are about 10 per cent away from its poverty line, and unemploy households are only 3 per cent away from its poverty line. Third, especially, private income transfers are hardly reducing poverty rates among extreme poverty class. After private transfers, urban workers' households which their incomes are within low 5%, are not away from its poverty line at all.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.30
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• pp.35-87
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• 2005

This research explores the empirical confirmation of the Internet development including from the period of innovation to the time of social-cultural use in today. The research focused on how tradition news media rover about the Internet developed from early to today, and understanding the media characteristics on the each stages from news frame. The research Is designed to conduit content analysis from 1989 to 2004, then this research is divided four(4) stages of the Internet development: innovation, diffusion, commercial usage, social-cultural usage. The results shows that there are significant different coverage by the stages. First of all, the news coverage pattern shift from technology focused on early stages to social usage focused on the later stages. This research confirms that the ratio of the seriation(technology) coverage defined when social usage is increased, on the other hand skeumorphs(social usage and content) coverage is increased in the commercial and social usage stages. This coverage pattern among news media does not such a big different and there is no competitive coverage. Moreover, the news coverage shifted from thematic coverage on early stages to episodic coverage while the number of usage increasing. In addition, the tone of coverage has not been changed significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2016

Double deck tunnels are considered to have a large demand in a near future for solving traffic congestion problems and overcoming the limitations in constructing new tunnels. This study presents a numerical investigation using finite element (FE) analysis on the behaviors of the tunnels and the stability of pillars in a divergence section where single tunnel is diverged from a main line double deck tunnel. The effects of the separation distance between the diverged and the main tunnels and the ground condition were examined through the FE analysis by varying the separation distance from 0.1D to 2.0D (D: diameter of main tunnel) and the rock class from class I to V, respectively, and the analysis results were compared with those using empirical methods, strength-stress ratio, and the volume of interference. The FE analysis results indicated that the separation distance has a larger effect on tunnel behaviors, compared with the rock strength, and a single tunnel with a large cross section is more favorable than two separated tunnels for tunnel stability when the separation distance is below 0.7D.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4359-4368
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• 2011

Among several macroeconomic missteps blamed for the recent global financial crisis including the social problems of income distribution and the lack of proper financial remedies, two of them have received particular attention: the global BOP(Balance of Payment) imbalance and the misguided monetary policy. Such BOP imbalance was blamed for massive foreign exchange investment flows from Asia into the U.S., triggering the financial and real estate bubble in America. The latter refers to the excessively loose monetary policy of the U.S. Federal Reserve, which pushed financial institutions and households into reckless investment behavior in search of higher returns. Given the abuse of certain innovative financial techniques and new investment instruments that have been created in recent decades, both collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and credit default swaps (CDS) enjoyed a symbiotic and toxic relationship prior to the financial crisis This paper is organized as follows: The first section analyzes the real causes of the recent financial crisis. The second details the role of CDOs and CDS. Then, to identify key determinants of the CDS spreads in an emerging capital market, the sample data of major Korean firms' CDS spreads are used to estimate the risk premium by utilizing the multiple regression analysis. The empirical test result indicates that Korean 3-year treasury bond rate(TYIELD), market to book value ratio(MV/BV), and assets size(INASSETS) are shown to demonstrate statistically significant influences on the changes of the CDS premium for sample firms.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

Purpose - This research analyzes overseas expansion support systems for small- and medium-sized enterprises in Germany and Japan. Germany and Japan have developed overseas expansion support policies for such enterprises. The study then explores the implications for Korea and its local governments. Research design, data, and methodology - We did a comparative analysis of Japan and Germany and their support for overseas expansion of small and medium companies. Data were mainly collected from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) and the Germany Trade and Invest (Germany) agency through statistics and literature surveys, and analysis studies. Results - First, human resources cultivation and funding support policies, which both Germany and Japan use as part of small- and medium-sized enterprise policies, should be modified to Korean circumstances and to reflect its own small- and medium-sized enterprise support needs. Second, both the German policies that support overseas expansion of small- and medium-sized enterprises and those of Japan's include the philosophy and methods that put an emphasis on these enterprises, despite the fact that there are big differences in the overseas policies in these two countries. Third, German and Japanese governments are embracing the idea that small- and medium-sized enterprises are key to their national economies and implementing policies based on the ratio occupied by these enterprises in the domestic consumption or GDP. In other words, Germany and Japan consider small- and medium-sized enterprises as central to their nation's industry, and assess them as economic industry that should definitely exist for the continued survival of big businesses, and not just as merely supplemental to big business. Fourth, whereas Germany emphasizes support to product exhibition in its overseas expansion support policies, Japan is providing integrated support containing foreign direct investment to small- and medium-sized enterprises. Fifth, there are differences in the overseas expansion support in Germany and Japan in terms of their support to big business. Whereas Germany considers support to big business unnecessary, Japan is implementing active support policies to areas corresponding to big business. Korea will have to benchmark the policies of Germany and Japan, and decide whether or not to give full support to small- and medium-sized enterprises, while excluding areas supporting big business. Conclusions - Based on this analysis of German and Japanese overseas expansion support policies, we need to choose the policies that will engender a solid outcome and derive modified policies for the circumstances of Korea. Additionally, we can use the comparison of the overseas support policies of Japan and Germany to choose small- and medium-sized enterprise overseas expansion support policies for Korea. However, we cannot provide specific overseas support policies by industry. This point will be referenced as a limitation of this study. In future research, we expect that some researchers will take an empirical approach to exploring Korean overseas expansion support through collecting cases of overseas support policies and interviewing policy authorities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.647-657
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• 2011

This paper describes the moment capacity of flexural members with local buckling based on a series of FE and experiment results. Thin-walled flexural members undergo local, lateral-torsional, or interactive buckling according to the section geometries and lateral boundary conditions. Flexural members with large width-to-thickness ratios in the flanges or the web may undergo local buckling before lateral-torsional buckling. Local buckling has a negative effect on the flexural strength based on the lateral-torsional buckling of flexural members. This phenomenon should be considered in the estimation of the flexural strength of thin-walled sections. Flexural members with various width-to-thickness ratios in their flanges and web were analyzed. Initial imperfections in the local buckling mode, and residual stresses, were included in the FE analyses. Simple bending moment formulae for flexural members were proposed based on the FE and test results to account for local and lateral-torsional buckling. The proposed bending moment formulae for the thin-walled flexural members in the Direct Strength Method use the empirical strength formula and the grosssection modulus. The ultimate flexural strengths predicted by the proposed moment formulae were compared with the AISC (2005), Eurocode3 (2003), and Korean Highway Bridge Design Specifications (2010). The comparison showed that the proposed bending moment formulae can reasonably predict the ultimate moment capacity of thin-walled flexural members.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.505-530
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• 2006

For the district heating and cooling business, it is required to install energy-saving facilities using energy from waste and land fill gases such as combined heat and power(CHP). The current issues that this business faces can be summarized as below: which facilities including CHP can be economically introduced and how much of their capacities should be. Most of such issues are clearly related to the optimal plant design of the district heating and cooling business, and the prices of energy services such as heating and cooling energy, and electricity. The purpose of this study is to establish linear program model of least cost function and to practice the empirical test on a assumed district heating and cooling business area. The model could choose the optimal type of energy-producing facilities among various kinds available such as CHP's, absorption chillers, the ice-storage system, etc. CHP with the flexible heat and power ratio is also in the set of available technologies. And the model show us the optimal ration of heat producing facilities between CHP and historical heat only boiler in the service area. Some implications of this study are summarized as below. Firms may utilize this model as a tool for the analysis of their optimal size of the facilities and operation. Also, the government may refer the results to regulate resonable size of business.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 1993

This dissertation is a basic research on the degradation of rocks and aims at clarifying the relations between the progression of degree of weathering and the variation of chemical composition. The author wants to make clear the degradation of rocks and the process of formation of sedimentary rocks from a standpoint of elucidation of migration of elements. This study is considered to be significant not only as a part of research on the distribution of earth crust materials but as the petrogenesis of rocks. The chemical studies on the weathered rocks have been started relatively early and there are not a few researches on them: Goldich, 1938; Harris, et al., 1966; Ruxton, 1968; Berner, et al., 1982; Kanuss, 1983; Lasaga, 1984; Siagel, 1984. The degree of migration of elements in weathering is the composite result of various factors. Because, at the present time, it is difficult to clarify the individual and composite effects of each factor theoretically and quanititatively, we must accumulate empirical data and use them relatively. In such consideration the author acquired some data of chemical weathering from the chemical analysis of granitic and basaltic rocks in and around Fukuoka city, Japan and granitic rocks in and around Chonju and Iri cities, Korea. Because both rock types studied can be considered as representative materials of acidic and basic rocks compsing the earth crust, it is significant to examine the phenomena of weathering of both rock types. The following results are obtained from the analysis and examinations of chemical compositions of the original and weathered rocks. The loss rate of major elements has no uniformity, but the following relation holds in general; Ca, Na> K, Si> Mg> Fe, Al. As weathering proceeds, the ratio of $Al_2O_3/CaO$ shows increasing phenomena, and that of $Na_2O/CaO$ decreasing. The range of migration of composition is broad in basaltic rocks but narrow in granitic rocks. The reason is that the chemical weathering of basaltic rocks progresses more easily than that of granitic rocks. The chemical weathering potenitial index of basaltic rocks in larger than that of granitic rocks. The reason is that the chemical weathering of basaltic rocks proceeds more easily than that of granitic rocks. In weathering, the decrease of mobile cations such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and the increase of $H_2O$ in basaltic rocks are more obvious than in granitic rocks.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.174-188
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• 2004

In the life environment changed with not only the quality and the price of the products but also the material abundance, it is the most crucial factor for the strategy of product sales to investigate consumer's sensibility and preference degree. In this perspective, it is necessary to design and merchandise the products in cope with each consumer's sensibility and needs as well as its functional aspects. In this paper, we propose the Fashion Design Recommender Agent System (FDRAS-pro) for textile design applying collaborative filtering personalization technique as one of the methods of material development centered on consumer's sensibility and preference. For a collaborative filtering system based on textile, Representative-Attribute Neighborhood is adopted to determine the number or neighbors that will be used for preferences estimation. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient is used to calculate similarity weights among users. We build a database founded on the sensibility adjectives to develop textile designs by extracting the representative sensibility adjectives from users' sensibility and preferences about textile designs. FDRAS-pro recommends textile designs to a customer who has a similar propensity about textile. To investigate the sensibility and emotion according to the effect of design factors, fertile designs were analyzed in terms of 9 design factors, such as, motif source, motif-background ratio, motif variation, motif interpretation, motif arrangement, motif articulation, hue contrast, value contrast, chroma contrast. Finally, we plan to conduct empirical applications to verify the adequacy and the validity of our system.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2020

In this study the split ring (SR) test was investigated for its applicability to the measurement of the tensile strength of rock specimen of NX size. The concept of the SR test is the same as the half ring (HR) test (Choi et al., 2019) except that the expected fracture plane is perpendicular to the loading direction. Because of this perpendicularity, however, it was believed that the SR test could be more accurate than the HR test. Like the HR specimen, the SR specimen is a curved prismatic bar with a uniform section. Appealing to a basic bending theory in strength of materials, the tensile strength for the special bar can be calculated analytically. Numerical simulations using LS-DYNA revealed, as expected, that the strength errors were 1% and 5% for the tensional and compressional SR tests, respectively, which were much lower than that (12%) of the HR test. To identify the performance of the two SR tests, laboratory experiments were conducted. The HR and Brazilian tests were also performed for comparison. The experiments showed that the ratios of the tensional and compressional SR to Brazilian strengths were 1.2~1.4 and 1.1~1.2, respectively, which are too small compared to empirical values in ordinary bend tests. Consequently, it is concluded that the SR test is not appropriate for use in tensile strength test of rock specimen of NX size. But the ratio of the HR to Brazilian strengths was within 1.7~2.0 for both the previous and present studies, showing a good consistency in their test results.