• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.19-37
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find out the linkage between emotional display rules and emotional labor strategy and the affects of the display rule factors on the emotional labor strategy. The participants of this study were 268 childcare teachers in Seoul, and the collected data were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: First, display rule perception was positively related to deep acting and surface acting. And the deep acting was positively related to display rule education, commitment, fairness of display rule, and explicit display rule. Second, display rule perception has a positive effect on deep acting and surface acting. And the commitment to display rule has a positive effect on deep acting. This study provided practical implications to help childcare teachers' emotional labor, and suggested directions for the education program for the emotional competence of childcare teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.44 no.5 s.219
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate emotional display rules and intentions of preschool children, any gender differences and the emotional intentions according to levels of understanding of emotional display rules and positive vs. negative situations. The subjects were 58 six-year-old preschoolers who were individually interviewed using 7 hypothetical scenarios that assessed emotional display rules and intentions. The children showed more self-protective intention than other intentions, although there were no gender differences in using emotional display intentions. Children with high scores of emotional display rules frequently tended to use prosocial and self-protective intentions and also used different emotional intentions on positive vs. negative emotional situations.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.649-660
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find empirical studies the causal relationship among positive defining representation, negative defining representation, surface acting, deep acting, dissatisfaction of job, and intention of job transfer. Methods: The collected data through the survey by customer satisfaction team of "A" company call center. Results: The result of this study is that emotion and behavior norm influence on deep act of expressing both positive impacts of the employees. Conclusion: Feelings of corporate representation norm is psychologically of employees that because it affects even also must facilitate the surface acts and internal acts of employees and job dissatisfaction at the same time due to emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion and turnover are hidden on the back emotion norms in the contact department, it should be aware of the need to address the emotional problems. Companies need to develop a variety of programs with attention to addressing the emotional difficulties experienced by workers.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 2012

The moderators that relieve negative effects of emotional labor have been studied such as job characteristics and situational variables. But as reviewing these studies, they focused on the degree of emotional on certain condition, there's no distinction between that degree and moderating effects. So we should focus on the moderating variables as a organizational involvement. In this study, I hypnotized the mediating effect of job stress between emotional labor and organizational effectiveness. Then I explored moderating role of 'fairness perception of emotional labor' and 'problem-focused stress coping'. This study tested these relationships using data from 166 employees of domestic security service company. From this data, I found that emotional labor increases job stress and job stress fully mediates the relationship between individual attitude(job satisfaction, turnover intention). And one who perceives display rule fairer, feels less job stress than who is not. Lastly, one who copes more problem-focused when he/she experiences job stress, have less negative effect on turnover intention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.213-224
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study examined Korean nurses' job attitude (i.e., satisfaction and burnout) regarding the extent to which organization's emotion display rule influences on job attitudes through emotion-related variables (i.e., negative emotion suppress behavior and inauthenticity), thereby examining mediation effects of negative emotion suppress behavior and inauthenticity. Method: Using a survey to nurses working in various general hospitals in Korea, structural equation modeling was adopted. Result: Emotion display rule affected outcome variables but these effects were mostly observed via the two mediators, negative emotion suppress and inauthenticity, which largely supports the research model. Conclusion: Individuals who perceived stronger emotional display rule suppressed more their negative emotion, and also perceived more inauthenticity. In turn, negative emotion suppress behavior only affected job burnout positively. Inauthenticity showed a negative effect on job satisfaction while it had a positive effect on burnout. The study provided directions for future research and practical implications to help nurses' effective job performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.853-864
• /
• 2009

Though the concept emotional labor in hotel employees is very important in the theoretical and practical perspective, the extant study has not yet studied. Based on the existing literature on the effects of emotional labor, including job stress and burnout, the hypotheses were suggested and date analyses were performed to verify these hypotheses. Data gathering were performed by self-administered questionaries on the samples of 330 hotel employees in Seoul. Finding were as Following. Firstly, attentiveness to required display rules, variety of emotional display rule, emotional dissonance was positively relatively to job stress. Secondly, variety of emotional display rule, emotional dissonance was positively relatively to burnout. Thirdly, job stress was positively relatively to burnout. The result of this study will be helpful for the hotel industry which gave needs to establish the marketing strategies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.231-251
• /
• 2016

The goal of the study was to examine pre-service teachers' emotional experiences, especially during student teaching. The following questions guided this study. First, during student teaching, what are the characteristics of emotional experiences of pre-service science teachers? Second, what are used as the emotional rules and strategies by student teacher? In this study, we tracked nine pre-service science teachers over a four-week period of the student teaching. The data sources were lesson observations, interviews, emotional journals, and video-recorded classroom lessons. Results showed that student teachers experienced various 25 different types of emotions which were reported as the primary emotions of Koreans. The main subjects for interaction for positive emotions were students. For negative emotions, students, teachers and student teachers themselves all resulted in such negative emotional experiences. When the student teachers experienced negative emotions, they followed the emotional rule that their emotions should not be expressed in front of the students. Because of this, they tried various strategies for controlling emotions, such as 'understanding students', 'finding the positive side', 'seeing good students', 'ignoring', 'holding back', 'evading', and 'giving up'. Finally, suggestions for teacher education were discussed.

• Journal of vocational education research
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.129-141
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of self efficacy, emotional labor, and social support on job center workers' psychological burnout. The data in the study were collected from 132 workers who work for job center in Busan, Ulsan, Gimhae, and Jinhae, and Self-Estimate Inventory, Emotional Labor Scale, Social Support Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied for data processing. The results of the study are as follows. First, the study found a correlation between job center workers' self efficacy and psychological burnout, with higher self efficacy being less burnout. This shows that self efficacy has an meaningful influence on job center workers' psychological burnout. Second, it also found a correlation between job center workers' emotional labor and psychological burnout, with higher emotional labor being more burnout. However, multiple regression analysis indicates that frequency of emotional display, attentiveness to required display rule, and emotional dissonance which are sub-factors of emotional labor have a negative influence on psychological burnout. Third, it found a correlation between job center workers' social support and psychological burnout, with higher social support being less burnout. Among sub-factors of social support, material support and evaluative support have a meaningful influence on psychological burnout statistically. Fourth, it showed that self efficacy has a high influence on psychological burnout. This research suggests to provide basic materials which are a great help to study job center worker's psychological burnout, and proposes to arrange various program for developing human resources of job center as a public employment organization.