• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 2002

The purpose of study was to examine child emotion regulation as a function of child's sex, temperament, mother's emotion regulation, and mother's parenting. The subjects were 386 mothers of fifth or sixth graders in Seoul and Kyonggi province. The data were gathered through questionnaires developed for the current study. The major findings were as follows: 1) There were significant sex differences in some categories of child's emotion regulation. 2) The more active the child's temperament, the child showed more negative emotion regulation(venting, aggressive expression, avoidance). 3) Mother's negative emotion regulation was significantly related to the child's negative emotion regulation. 4) There were significant correlations between mother's parenting and child's emotion regulation. That is, mother's positive parenting was related to child's positive emotion regulation. 5) The relationship between mother's emotion regulation and child's emotion regulation was mediated by mothers' parenting.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of maternal grandmothers' positive parenting behavior, mothers' emotion regulation, and positive parenting behavior on children's emotion regulation. A total of 348 mothers of fourth and fifth graders responded to questionnaires, which included items related to their mothers' positive parenting behavior, their own emotion regulation and positive parenting behavior, and their children's emotion regulation. The data were analyzed by means of correlations and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). First, maternal grandmothers' positive parenting behavior significantly affected mothers' emotion regulation, but mothers' emotion regulation did not directly affect their children's emotion regulation. Second, maternal grandmothers' positive parenting behavior had an effect on mothers' positive parenting behavior, which led to a high level of their children's emotion regulation. Lastly, maternal grandmothers' positive parenting behavior indirectly influenced children's emotion regulation through mothers' emotion regulation and positive parenting behavior. This study emphasizes the intergenerational transmission of positive parenting, as well as a crucial influence of mothers' positive parenting behavior on children's emotion regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of maternal parenting, children's self-esteem and emotion regulation strategy on emotion regulation. Data were collected from 493 5th and 6th graders. The results were as follows: Firstly, maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting directly affected children's maladaptive emotion regulation, while maternal affectionate and permissive parenting directly affected children's adaptive emotion regulation. Secondly, children's selfesteem directly affected both their maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation, while also acting as a mediator between maternal parenting and children's maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation. Children's cognitive reappraiser strategy positively affected adaptive emotion regulation, but emotion suppressive strategy negatively affected adaptive emotion regulation. These emotion regulation strategies played a mediating role between maternal parenting or children's self-esteem and adaptive emotion regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.7 s.221
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• pp.99-111
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate children's emotional response, emotion regulation strategy, and emotion regulation effect (regulation effect of strategies), and to determine the relationships among emotion regulation strategy, emotion regulation effect and children's psychological well-being in anger, (ear, and disappointment situations. Emotion regulation strategy recomposed four strategies through factor analysis based on the children's direct answers to the question inquiring on the method used to regulate anger, fear, and disappointment. A total of 359 elementary school children in glades 5 or 6 selected one strategy use to regulate anger, fear, and disappointment. The effect of that selected strategy were estimated. Psychological well-being is evaluated by a questionnaire. The results of this study showed that most of elementary school children used the attention evocation strategy to regulate anger, fear, and disappointment, and this strategy was confirmed to be the most effective. Children's psychological well-being was associated with only emotion regulation effect in anger, fear, and disappointment situations.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1209-1219
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• 2009

The purpose of this study examined the path model of maternal emotional expression, temperament and self-esteem on emotion regulation among children. The subjects were 487 5th and 6th graders. Data was gathered through questionnaires reported by children and their mothers and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that children's 'activity level' temperament and maternal negative emotional expression directly affected maladaptive emotion regulation. Children's 'emotionality' temperament and maternal positive emotional expression directly affected adaptive emotion regulation. Children's 'approach-flexibility' temperament and self-esteem directly affected both maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation. Maternal emotional expression and children's self-esteem mediated between children's temperament and emotion regulation. Additionally, the most important variable predicting children's maladaptive emotion regulation was the children's 'activity level' temperament, and the most important variable for adaptive emotion regulation was the children's 'emotionality' temperament.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships among mothers' emotion expression, preschool children's temperament, and preschool children's emotion regulation. The participants in this study were 75 5-year-old children from five child-care centers located in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using simple regression and hierarchical multiple regression. The major findings were as follows. First, mothers' positive emotion expression had a positive influence on children's effortful control, and mothers' negative emotion expression had a positive influence on children's negative affect. Second, mothers' positive emotion expression had a positive influence on children's emotion regulation, while mothers' negative emotion expression had a negative influence on children's emotion regulation. Last, the effect of mothers' positive emotion expression on children's emotion regulation was fully mediated by children's effortful control. Also, the effect of mothers' negative emotion expression on children's emotion regulation was partially mediated by children's negative affect. These results suggest that mothers' emotion expression and children's temperament may predict children's emotion regulation.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

This study investigated whether Korean mothers' emotion socialization beliefs are related to emotional functioning in children differing across gender. We interviewed Korean mothers (N = 100) of first graders (55 boys; 45 girls) about their sensitivity, their reactions to children's distress, and children's emotion regulation. Two components of emotion regulation were distinguished: regulation and negativity. Results revealed that mothers' proactive sensitivity and their supportive reactions were related to their children's regulation, whereas unsupportive reactions were related to children's negativity. Child gender moderated the associations between mothers' socialization beliefs and children's emotion regulation: mothers' proactive sensitivity was more strongly associated with competent regulation in girls than in boys. Mothers' unsupportive reactions were related to increased negativity only in girls. Results are discussed from a cultural perspective, focusing on gender differences in the links between maternal socialization and children's emotional outcomes in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.65-78
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between preschooler's sex, effortful control, working memory, and emotion regulation. The moderating effect of sex in the influences of effortful control and working memory on emotion regulation was also investigated. Eighty-eight children from the ages of 3 to 5 years participated in this study. A working memory task of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV(K-WISC-IV; Kwak, Oh, & Kim, 2011) was administered to the children. Their parents completed a very short form of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire(Putnam & Rothbart, 2006) and Emotion Regulation Checklist(Shields & Cicchetti, 1997). The results indicated that effortful control significantly predicted emotion regulation. Additionally the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between working memory and emotion regulation was significant. Specifically, the influence of working memory on emotion regulation was significant only in boys, but not in girls. This result suggested that effortful control has an effect on emotion regulation in a stable manner whereas working memory has different effects on the influence of emotion regulation according to sex.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of perfectionism and cognitive-emotion regulation strategies on the test anxiety. The participants in this study were 423(227 boys, 196 girls) 6th graders recruited from four elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. The participants completed the Test Anxiety Inventory-Korea(Kim, 1991), the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale(CAPS; Flett at al, 2000), and the Cognitive-Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(CERQ; Garnefski, 2001). The results of this study were as follows. First, self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism were both positively associated with test anxiety. Additionally, the children who used more adaptive cognitive-emotion regulation strategies reported lower test anxiety, whereas the children who used more maladaptive cognitive-emotion regulation strategies reported higher test anxiety. Secondly, there was an interactional effect between self-oriented perfectionism and maladaptive cognitive-emotion regulation strategies on test anxiety. Lastly, socially prescribed perfectionism and cognitive-emotion regulation strategies had a significant effect on children's test anxiety. However, there were no interactional effects observed between socially prescribed perfectionism and cognitive-emotion regulation strategies on test anxiety.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 2010

This study examined the relationship between children's school adjustment and their emotion regulation. The subjects were 122 1st grade students selected from one elementary school in Incheon. Teachers rated each child using the Emotion Regulation Scale (Lee, 1997) and School Adjustment Scale (Chi & Jung, 2006). The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation analysis, and stepwise regressions. The children's emotion regulation and school adjustment were differed by sex of the child. The girls were assessed to be better adapted in emotion regulation and school adjustment than the boys. The children's emotion regulation was positively related to the children's school adjustment. In addition, the children's emotion regulation predicted how well they would adjust to school life.