• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

This study employed the first-person shooter task(FPST: Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002) paradigm to examine racial bias toward Blacks in a population unrelated to the Black-White racial context. We tested whether having Korean participants play the role of a White police officer portrayed as nonracist (vs. racist) would attenuate the bias to shoot Black suspects. Participants were told that they would perform a police simulation task as a White police officer, who was described as racist or nonracist, or was presented without a description. They then performed the FPST. Although nonracist description lowered shooter bias, racist description weakened it even more, contrary to our prediction. The latter result is interpreted as due to activation of an egalitarian goal after reading about racism-related description, especially as the description was about someone who was to be incorporated to the self. Supporting this interpretation, a mediation analysis involving Racist and Control conditions revealed that the racist description was associated with stronger perception of the officer's racial bias, which in turn was correlated with weaker shooter bias.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2019

Extant research has proposed that the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style can elucidate individual differences in the preference for modality-specific information. However, no studies have yet ascertained whether this type of information processing evinces structural correlations in the brain. Therefore, the current study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses to investigate individual differences in gray matter volumes based on the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style. For this purpose, ninety healthy young adults were recruited to participate in the study. They were administered the Korean version of the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style questionnaire, and their anatomical brain images were scanned. The VBM results demonstrated that the participants' verbal scores were positively correlated with regional gray matter volumes (rGMVs) in the right superior temporal sulcus/superior temporal gyrus, the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus/fusiform gyrus, and the left inferior temporal gyrus. In addition, the rGMVs in these regions were negatively correlated with the relative spatial preference scores obtained by individual participants. The findings of the investigation provide anatomical evidence that the verbal cognitive style could be decidedly relevant to higher-level language processing, but not to basic language processing.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2012

This study investigated the impact of individual differences in motivational reactivity on cognitive effort, memory strength (sensitivity) and decision making (criterion bias) in response to Internet ads with positive and negative content. Individual variation in trait motivational activation was measured using the Motivational Activation Measurement developed by A. Lang and her colleagues (A. Lang, Bradley, Sparks, & Lee, 2007). MAM indexes an individual's tendency to approach pleasant stimuli (ASA, Appetitive System Activation) and avoid unpleasant stimuli (DSA, Defensive System Activation). Results showed that individuals higher in ASA exert more cognitive effort during positive ads than individuals lower in ASA. Individuals higher in DSA exert more cognitive effort during negative ads compared to individuals lower in DSA. ASA did not predict recognition memory. However, individuals higher in DSA recognized ads better than those lower in DSA. The criterion bias data revealed participants higher in ASA had more conservative decision criterion, compared to participants lower in ASA. Individuals higher in DSA also showed more conservative decision criterion compared to individuals lower in DSA. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2017

Physiological responses have been measured to recognize emotion. Although physiological responses have been interrelated between organs, their connectivities have been less considered for emotion recognizing. The connectivities have been assumed to enhance emotion recognition. Specially, autonomic nervous system is physiologically modulated by the interrelated functioning. Therefore, this study has been tried to analyze connectivities between heart and respiration and to find the significantly connected variables for emotion recognition. The eighteen subjects(10 male, age $24.72{\pm}2.47$) participated in the experiment. The participants were asked to listen to predetermined sound stimuli (arousal, relaxation, negative, positive) for evoking emotion. The bio-signals of heart and respiration were measured according to sound stimuli. HRV (heart rate variability) and BRV (breathing rate variability) spectrum were obtained from spectrum analysis of ECG (electrocardiogram) and RSP (respiration). The synchronization of HRV and BRV spectrum was analyzed according to each emotion. Statistical significance of relationship between them was tested by one-way ANOVA. There were significant relation of synchronization between HRV and BRV spectrum (synchronization of HF: F(3, 68) = 3.605, p = 0.018, ${\eta}^2_p=0.1372$, synchronization of LF: F(3, 68) = 5.075, p = 0.003, ${\eta}^2_p=0.1823$). HF difference of synchronization between ECG and RSP has been able to classify arousal from relaxation (p = 0.008, d = 1.4274) and LF's has negative from positive (p = 0.002, d = 1.7377). Therefore, it was confirmed that the heart and respiration to recognize the dimensional emotion by connectivity.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.323-330
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• 2017

Emotion in early childhood has been observed to make an important effect on behavioral development. The teacher has coached to develop good behavior based on considering emotional response rather than rational response. This study was to determine significance of emotional coaching for behavior development according emotion recognized by non-verbal measurement system developed specially in this study. The participants were 44 people and were asked to study in four experimental situation. The experiment was designed to four situation such as class without coaching, behavioral coaching, emotion coaching, and emotion coaching based on emotional recognition system. The dependent variables were subjective evaluation, behavioral amplitude, and HRC (Heart Rhythm Coherence) of heart response. The results showed the highest positive evaluation, behavioral amplitude, and HRC at emotion coaching based on emotional recognition system. In post-doc analysis, the subjective evaluation showed no difference between emotion coaching and system based emotion coaching. However, the behavioral amplitude and HRC showed a significant response between two coaching situation. In conclusion, quantitative data such as behavioral amplitude and HRC was expected to solve the ambiguity of subjective evaluation. The emotion coaching of teacher using emotional recognition system was can be to improve positive emotion and psychological stability for children.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2022

Objective : The present study examined the effectiveness of the mindful self-compassion (MSC) program on anxiety, depression, self-compassion and emotion regulation. Methods : A total of 29 subjects (mean age 27.5±6.5 years, 15 males and 14 females) participated in a standardized 8-week MSC program. The control group consisted of age- and sex-matched twenty participants (mean age 26.0±2.9 years, 11 males and 9 females). All subjects completed self-report measurements at two weeks before and after the MSC program. Results : MSC training improved self-compassion as demonstrated by the significant group x time interaction effects on the total Self-Compassion Scale scores (F[1, 47]=8.324, p<0.01). Regarding the subscale scores, a significant improvement in self-kindness, isolation and mindfulness components of self-compassion was observed after MSC training. A significant group x time interaction was observed on the self-kindness subscale (F[1, 47]=4.664, p<0.05), with a significant main effect of time (F[1, 47]=23.723, p<0.001). The isolation subscale showed a significant group x time interaction (F[1, 47]=8.698, p<0.001). For the mindfulness subscale, there was a significant group x time interaction (F[1, 47]=6.611, p<0.05) and main effect of time (F[1, 47]=6.611, p<0.05). MSC training also improved the acceptance emotion regulation strategy, as demonstrated by the significant group x time interaction in the acceptance subscale scores of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (F[1, 47]=6.845, p<0.05). Conclusion : MSC training showed efficacy in fostering self-compassion and improving emotion regulation. Thus, this program might be applicable to improve mental health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6895-6904
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between fear of negative evaluation, cognitive emotion regulation and field adaptation of new graduate nurses and the possible moderating effect of cognitive emotion regulation. The participants of this study were 181 new graduate nurses who have worked for less than 1 year at a hospital, data was collected by using self-report questionaires. The results of this study were fear of negative evaluation score 3.25, cognitive emotion regulation score 3.18 and field adaptation score 2.92. Fear of negative evaluation had a positive correlation with maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, and a negative correlation with field adaptation, and did not have on moderating effect. As this results, it strengthen field adaptation for new graduate nurses in a new circumstance through self-esteem enhancement programs. It is also required to manage by using an adaptive cognitive emotion regualtion.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.483-498
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• 2010

This study is to examine the effects of emotion regulation strategies in facial expressions and emotional experiences, based on the facial expressions of groups, using antecedent- and response- focused regulation. 50 female undergraduate students were instructed to use different emotion regulation strategies during the viewing of a disgust inducing film. While watching, their facial expressions and emotional experiences were measured. As a result, participants showed the highest frequency of action units related to disgust in the EG(expression group), and they reported in the following order of DG(expressive dissonance group), CG(cognitive reappraisal group), and SG(expressive suppression group). Also, the upper region of the face reflected real emotions. In this region, the frequency of action units related to disgust were lower in the CG than in the EG or DG. The results of the PANAS indicated the largest decrease of positive emotions reported in the DG, but an increase of positive emotions reported in the CG. This study suggests that cognitive reappraisal to an event is a more functional emotion regulation strategy compared to other strategies related to facial expression and emotional experience that affect emotion regulation strategies.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.639-661
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• 2012

The purpose of the paper is to examine sidedness effects of comparative advertising and moderating roles of the emotions of customer and product type. To test the research hypotheses, this study conducted experimental designs. One hundred ninety-two undergraduate students were assigned to one of the four experimental groups. Comparative Advertising message type and product type were manipulated as between-subject factors. There was a surprising event situation(free gift event) when participants came to laboratory for experiment, which is for the emotion manipulation. If a participant in a positive emotion group, he or she gets a free gift. The data demonstrate that comparative message type have a significant effect on both attitude toward the advertising and acceptance intention. In addition, consumers' emotion and product type play a significant moderating role between the message types and the dependent variables. The results of this study contribute to the literature as a new attempt to examine the sidedness effect of the comparative advertising message. We suggested that message types and consumer's emotion is one of very important aspects for a comparative advertising and marketers should consider people's emotion when they release a comparative advertising, which can help when marketers make their strategy for a comparative advertising.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.29-43
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• 2003

This study examined the difference in memories for emotional stimuli. After giving participants the memory task instruction that they should remember the given stimuli, the emotion-induced photographs and the neutral photographs were presented. To minimize the possibility to regulate the expressions of their mood which induced by emotional stimuli and to find out whether the antecedent-focused emotion regulation process would damaged the memory of emotional stimuli in men, participant's memory was measured directly after the presentation of each photograph by free reflection method. Also Sex differences in memories about emotional and neutral stimuli were measured and compared. Women memorized stimuli more than men, and as expected, women remembered more about the emotional stimuli than neutral ones. The analysis of sex difference about central and peripheral features indicated that women remembered central features of emotional stimulus more than those of neutral ones, but that men had no difference between central features of emotional stimuli and those of neutral ones. These results showed that men's damaged memories of emotional stimuli were caused by the antecedent-focused emotion regulation process.