• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2004

환경친화적인 소비형태란 제품의 환경친화도에 따라 그 제품에 대한 지불용의가 달라지는 것을 의미한다. green market은 환경친화적인 소비형태를 보이는 소비자로 구성된 시장이다. 이러한 green market에서 시행되는 환경정책수단의 효과에 대해 소수의 연구가 시도되었다. 버트란드모형을 바탕으로 한 기존의 연구에서는 단위배출기준이나 제품에 대한 환경세를 통해 배출량 감축효과를 거둘 수 없다는 결과가 도출되었는데, 이는 직관적인 예상과 어긋난다. 본 연구에서는 쿠르노모형을 상정하여 단위배출기준과 환경세의 효과를 분석하였다. 여전히 제품에 대한 환경세의 환경적 유효성은 결여되어 있는 것으로 나타났으나,(버트란드모형과는 다르게) 단위 배출기준은 오염감축효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기업간 경쟁방식이 어떤 한지가 환경정책수단의 유효성을 결정하는데 중요한 역할을 하게 된다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2011

Diesel engine has many advantages such as high thermal efficiency, low fuel consumption and low emission of CO2. However, the diesel engine faced with strengthened emission regulation about NOx and PM. To suppress NOx emission, after-treatment systems such as Lean NOx Trap (LNT), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) are considered as a more practical strategy. This paper investigated the performance of Lean NOx trap of the 4 stroke diesel engine which had a LNT catalyst. Characteristic of exhaust emission at NEDC mode was analyzed. From this result, the effect of nozzle attaching degree, injection quantity and gas flow change on NOx conversion performance was clarified.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2007

The cement industry is one of the energy intensive industries such as petrochemical and steel industry. The energy efficiency of cement industry is high comparing to oversea's cement industries due to the enforcement of energy conservation policies. The purpose of this study is estimate emission factors for greenhouse gas ($CO_{2}$) in cement industry. The results of field study, quicklime contained quantity of five factories were $0.64{\sim}0.65$. Measurement emission (15,382 ton/day) is 40% higher than process emission (8,929 ton/day) on the IPCC Guidelines (1996). Add to combustion emission on the lines of IPCC Guidelines (1996) is similar to the emission of this study. The emission factor of greenhouse gas ($CO_{2}$) were as follows the emission factor between $9.01E-01{\sim}2.15E-01\;ton/ton$ for $CO_{2}$. The result of this study is higher than emission factor of IPCC (0.51) but it is similar to U.S. EPA's (0.952).

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.297-299
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• 2014

Petroleum coke has high heating value and low price. Due to the steadily increasing demand for heavy oil processing, the production volume of petroleum coke tends to be expanded. The high availability and low price of petroleum coke have been strongly considered as candidate fuel for power generation facilities. However the high carbon content, high sulfur content and nitrogen content of petroleum fuel are known to produce relatively large quantity of CO2, high NOx and SO2 emission. In this work, a series of numerical simulations have been carried out in order to investigate the effects of swirl flow intensity on combustion furnace, which is most important operating condition. Results show that the temperature distribution was spatially uniform at about 1600K but high temperature region are located quite differently depending on swirl number. In addition, numerical temperature data was compared with experimental temperature data and its temperature difference shows less than 10%. On the other hand, discrepancy between numerical and experimental emission data were slightly large with necessities of improved emission model.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.923-927
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics and quantity of the noise reduction by pipe material, wrapped pipe with glass wool and installed pipe height The characteristics of noise emission from drain-pipes is as follows. The noise reduction pipe in PVC can reduce noise levels in 7-10㏈ and the cast-iron pipe can reduce in 14㏈compared with the normal PVC pipe. In these days, the glass wool was used for preventing the burst and the noise reduction. But the glass wool for wrapping pipe is not effective to the noise reduction. The characteristics of noise emission from various installed pipe height were measured As the ceiling space of the remodeled building was raised, the noise level was troubled by increasing of the vertical pipe length.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2016

The effect of pilot injection quantity on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine with a biodiesel-compressed natural gas (CNG) dual fuel combustion (DFC) system is studied in this work. Biodiesel is used as a pilot injection fuel to ignite the main fuel, CNG of DFC. The pilot injection quantity is controlled to investigate the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine. The injection pressure and injection timing of pilot fuel are maintained at approximately 120 MPa and BTDC 17 crank angle, respectively. Results show that the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of biodiesel-CNG DFC mode is similar to that of diesel-CNG DFC mode at all load conditions. Combustion stability of biodiesel-CNG DFC mode decreased with increase of engine load, but no notable trend of cycle-to-cycle variations with increase of pilot injection quantity is discovered. The combustion of biodiesel-CNG begins at a retarded crank angle compared to that of diesel-CNG at low load, but it is advanced at high loads. Smoke and NOx of biodiesel-CNG are simultaneously increased with the increase of pilot fuel quantity. Compared to the diesel-CNG DFC, however, smoke and NOx emissions are slightly reduced over all operating conditions. Biodiesel-CNG DFC yields higher $CO_2$ emissions compared to diesel-CNG DFC over all engine conditions. CO and HC emissions for biodiesel-CNG DFC is decreased with the increase of pilot injection quantity.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2014

In 1995 Kimchi refrigerator was developed at first, and has used HFC-134a as refrigerant. Kimchi refrigerator has been made 1,044,694 on the basis of 2010, disposed about 160,000 per year. Although mobile air conditioning, commercial refrigerator, general refrigerator is regarded as a major source of HFC-134a, little information is available for its emission characteristics of HFC-134a. This paper addresses the fugitive emission factors of Kimchi refrigerator at use-phase and disposal-phase. The residual quantities of Korean-made fifty three waste Kimchi refrigerators were weighed using a commercial recover of refrigerants to determine the emission factors at the disposal-phase. On the other hand, the emission factors at use-phase were estimated from the residual quantities and operating times. The average residual rate of forty three scarp Kimchi refrigerators is determined to be $74.6{\pm}5.2%$. The emission factor at the use-phase is estimated to be $3.5{\pm}0.8%/yr$ as a result of using average age of 11.7 years and the average residual rate determined here. The emission factor at the disposal-phase is determined to be 31.3% after adopting 58% of the recycling rate of refrigerant reported by Recycling Center. We estimate 3.1 g/yr for the average emission quantity of HFC-134a per operating refrigerator, while 22.5 g for that per waste Kimchi refrigerator. Since the chemical compositions of refrigerant of waste Kimchi refrigerator were the same as those of new refrigerant, it is expected that the HFC-134a recovered from waste Kimchi refrigerator can be reused for refrigerant.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2009

Although anthracite power plant acts as the important source of greenhouse gas emissions, relatively little is known about its emission potentials. Especially, because the emissions of Non-$CO_2$ greenhouse gas $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ are strongly dependent on fuel type and technology available, it is desirable to obtain the information concerning their emission pattens. In this study, the anthracite power plants in Korea were investigated and the emission gases were analyzed using GC/FID and GC/ECD to develop Non-$CO_2$ emission factors. The anthracite samples were also analyzed to quantity the amount of carbon and hydrogen using an element analyzer, while calorie was measured by an automatic calorie analyzer. The emission factor of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ computed through the gas analysis corresponded to 0.73 and 1.98 kg/TJ, respectively. Compared with IPCC values, the $CH_4$ emission factor in this study was about 25% lower, while that of $N_2O$ was higher by about 40%. More research is needed to extend our database for emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

Traffic represents one of the largest sources of primary air pollutants in urban area. As a consequence, numerous abatement strategies are being pursued to decrease the ambient concentration of pollutants. A characteristics of most of the these strategies is a requirement for accurate data on both the quantity and spatial distribution of emissions to air in the form of an atmospheric emission inventory database. In the case of traffic pollution, such an inventory must be compiled using activity statistics and emission factors for vehicle types. The majority of inventories are compiled using passive data from either surveys or transportation models and by their very nature tend to be out-of-date by the time they are compiled. The study of current trends is towards integrating urban traffic control systems and assessments of the environmental effects of motor vehicles. In this study, a model of vehicle emission calculation by using real-time traffic data was studied. Traffic data, which are required on a street-by-street basis, is obtained from induction loops of traffic control system. It is possible that characteristics of hourly air pollutants emission rates is obtained from hourly traffic volume and speed. An emission rates model is allocated with a high resolution space by using geographic information system (GIS). Vehicle emission model was developed with a high resolution spatial, gridded and hourly emission rates.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 도로터널 환기시설 설계기준에 의한 소요환기량 산정 시 오염물질의 기준배출량을 환경부 고시기준에 대해 산정하여 차종별, 속도별로 산정된 기준배출량을 모델터널에 적용하여 시뮬레이션 한 결과 기존의 배출량 기준 적용에 대해 소요환기량은 약 49%로 감소되었다. 또한 터널 내 유동손실로서 작용하는 변수 중 터널마찰계수와 입구저항계수 및 등가저항면적을 통계적 분석기법을 이용하여 이들 계수 중 터널의 환기량 산정에 가장 민감하게 영향을 미치는 인자가 마찰계수이며 시뮬레이션을 통해 실제 적용 가능한 계수 범위가 0.018에서 0.021의 값으로 보정될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 검증사례로서 4개소의 터널에 적용하였을 때, 최대 약 19.2%의 소요환기량 감소가 예상되며 이에 대해 기존의 설계운용 중인 Jet Fan 설치 대수의 산정에 있어 감소될 수 있으며, 약 연간 운용비용의 저감에 적용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.