• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.343-345
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• 2002

The study was investigated hot-water soluble on waxy black and waxy rice flours according to gelatinization temperatures and heating time. The hot-water soluble contents of both samples were increased during heating time at $90^{\circ}C$. The waxy black and waxy rice flours solutions according to gelatinization temperatures ($80^{\circ}C,\;90^{\circ}C,\;95^{\circ}C\;and\;98^{\circ}C$) were heated for 10, 20 and 30 min. Determination of elution patterns of rice flours was used by Sepharose CL-2B column. As a result, the elution patterns were eluted the most in void volume ($V_0$) and the elution patterns of the hot-water solubles were increased according to heating time and gelatinization temperatures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.131-139
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• 1996

To quantitatively investigate the effects of manure compost on the soil and water environment including ground water the elution patterns of anions and hydraulic conductivity wore estimated with four different depth(15, 30, 45 60cm) and four variable ratio of compost treatment(0, 2, 4, 6%) through soil column test. 1. There were over 95% of elution of chloride and nitrate within 0.1 pore volume(PV), and sulfate within 0.2 PV. With 2 ton/10a of cow manure compost treatment recommended total 40 kg/10a of anions added was recovered as effluent at the amount of 17kg chloride, 5.4kg nitrate, and 13.2kg sulfate, respectively However, phosphate rarely recovered in the effluent due to the strong affinity for sorption sites in soils. 2. In multi-layered soil column the maximum peaks of each anion eluted were retardated with increasing soil depth and the amount of organic matter(OM) treatment. 3. With increasing OM up to 2% the saturated hydraulic conductivity(SHC) was greatly decreased, but the slight decrease in SHC was found by addition of OM greater than 4％. In multi-layered soil column SHC was more effected by the lower SHV layer than by that of the higher.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.698-702
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• 1993

Effect of heating temperature on elution patterns of soluble carbohydrate of legume starches and the texture of starch gels was investigated. The elution profiles of soluble carbohydrate obtained by Sepharose 2B-CL showed that the larger molecules were leached as the heating temperature increased. The elution profiles of soluble carbohydrate of cow pea and mung bean starches were similar, but those of kidney bean starch were different. The gel structures of cow pea and mung bean were stable with showing high values in hardness and cohesiveness. But red bean and kidney bean gels were weak in hardness and cohesiveness. As the heating temperature rised, hardness and cohesiveness were increased in gels prepared by heating for 15 min. However, the gels made by heating for 1 hour showed that less hard and more cohesive gels from cow pea and mung bean, while harder and more cohesive gels from red bean and kidney bean were obtained as the heating temperature increased from $85^{\circ}C\;to\;95^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.190-197
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• 2000

Anions such as C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$, P $O_4$$^{3-}$, and organic anions, that do not become a part of the clay mineral crystal lattice, are of considerable interest in soils which are a potential sink caused by acid rain. In this paper, elution of native sulfate and breakthrough curves (BTC) were obtained from miscible displacement of non-specifically or specifically adsorbed anions through non-saturated or saturated Bt soil of Chungwon series. The shape and position of the BTC's could be affected by adsoprtion and ion exchange onto the soil particle surfaces. Measured BTC's for oxalic acid under unsaturated and saturated conditions showed that less pore volumes were required to displace the native S $O_4$$^{2-}$S from the soil column, and that maximum detection limit of oxalic acid reached earlier than under unsaturated. The retarded BTC's to the righthand side could be attributed by different adsorption behavior of each anion, although BTC's may be influenced by the smaller order of velocity change. The alternate breakthrough and elution curves show the rapid approach to the maximum detection limit of C/Co = 1, compared to progressive tailing of elution curve to reach to C/Co = 0. The probable explanation for asymmetric elution patterns for both anion is that the anion was selectively adsorbed on the positively charged soil surface from the solution passing in the soil column. On the other hand, the variations of pH in effluent showed that pH was increased to 7 in the first 6 pore volume and then gradually decreased to pH 4.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.975-978
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• 2013

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2000

This observation was to investigate the influence of raw organic matter incorporated into soil at various rates on hydraulic conductivity and elution of solute throughout soil column. Generally the organic matter content in a practical agricultural field was approximately 3%. However, the application rate of organic matter in the field tends to rapidly increase in these days. Therefore, we raised the application rate of organic matter up to 10% in this investigation. From the experiment, we found that the hydraulic conductivities rapidly decreased with increasing rate of organic matter as well as rapid decrease in total volume of eluent during the same period. And electrical conductivities in the effluent significantly decreased after 2 pore volume, resulting in approaching to the criteria of saline soli. From this we could assume that the organic matter may influence the crop growth in the beginning. However excessive irrigation in the field may cause saturation of soil leading to reduction of soil. Therefore, there must be a management methods in application of organic matter with respect to soil water control.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 1997

To investigate the effects of cow manure compost(CMC) on soil and water environment as non-point source, the elution patterns of anions were determined in muti-layered soil columns which were consisted of one top and one bottom in combination. The top soil columns were uniformly packed with Ap horizon soils amended with air-dried CMC at different ratios(0, 2, 4, 6%, wt/wt), the bottom ones were packed with of B horizon soils of 15, 30, and 45cm in length. After saturating the each soil column, the leachate were collected from the bottom of the column while the double-ionized water was applied from the surface of the column by constant head method. From the hydraulic conductivity and anion eluted were measured in the leachate. Each saturated hydraulic conductivities for top and the bottom soils were 3$\times$$10^{-4}$sec and 1.6$\times$$10^{-3}$cm/sec. Most of water soluble chloride and sulfate, having non-specific adsorption characteristics onto the soil particles, were eluted within 1 PV, showing that there was no apparent retardation of anion movement with increasing CMC contents in the top soils. The effect of soil depths on anion movement were similar to the results of CMC contents. Sulfate of having both of non-specific and specific adsorption characteristics was also recovered in the effluent within 1 PV, while the elution curves were slightly skewed to the right showing that the CMC affected the movement of sulfate. Phosphate of specific adsorption characteristics was hardly eluted within 5 PV.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

We investigated the mobilization of Cd, Pb, and Cr in two different soils in response to sorption capacities and competition for available sorption site while they moved under saturated water conditions. Two soil samples that were clay and sandy clay loam were collected within 20 cm from the upland surface. To do this, we used three different systems of heavy metal combinations such as single, binary, and ternary as solution phase. And then we observed the breakthrough curve (BTC) and elution as a function of pore volume by applying heavy metal solution and displacing K solution until these curves reached to maximum and minimum. The results showed that BTC and elution curves were not symmetric and it required more pore volumes with increasing species of heavy metals in solution phase, as well as longer tailings. Compared the areas over and under BTC and elution curve, relatively small amount of heavy metal was displaced by K even though there were differences in electronegativity among heavy metals. Conclusively, we assumed that heavy metals transport in soil could be influenced by soil physical nonequilibrium and chemical equilibrium in solution as far as there were more than two species of heavy metals existed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.568-573
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• 1992

Molecular structural properties of Japonica and Tongil type waxy rice starches were compared. The general properties including water-binding capacity, swelling power at $80^{\circ}C$, intrinsic viscosity, leach loss at $98^{\circ}C$ and ${\beta}-amylolysis$ limit were similar but the chain length was slightly different between the two starches. Similar elution profiles on Sephadex G-50 were obtained when the starches were treated with ${\beta}-amylase$. The pullulanase treated starches however showed different elution patterns each other. The ${\beta}-amylolysis$ of acid-treated (2 days) starches linearly increased as hydrolysis time prolonged. When the acid-treated starches were hydrolyzed with ${\beta}-amylase$ or pullulanase, the elution profiles on Sepharose CL-2B were considerably different from those of native starches.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3597-3602
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• 2011

A simple and rapid analytical method was developed for the determination of eight isoquinoline alkaloids in Corydalis species. Eight isoquinoline alkaloids, including 2 aporphine alkaloids (isocorydine and glaucine) and 6 protoberberine alkaloids (coptisine, palmatine, berberine, canadine, corydaline, and tetrahydrocoptisine) were used as chemical markers which have a various biological activity and determined for quality control of Corydalis (C.) species (C. ternata, C. yanhusuo, and C. decumbens). To evaluate the quality of these herbal medicines, LC chromatographic separation of alkaloids were preferentially investigated on reversed-phase C18 column with pH variation and composition of mobile phase. In addition, the separation of these alkaloids in herbal extracts was found to be significantly affected on mobile phase composition using gradient elution. Especially for C. yanhusuo extract, berberine was seriously interfered with other alkaloid extracted from sample matrix when mobile phase composition was not optimized. As results, these compounds were successfully separated within 28 min using 10 mM ammonium acetate containing 0.2% triethylamine (adjusted at pH 5.0) as a mobile phase with gradient elution. On the basis of optimized HPLC conditions, 23 different Corydalis species samples were analyzed for the determination of alkaloid levels. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the chromatographic data could be successfully classified the different geographic origin samples.