• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2020

This paper develops a risk index based on an indicator of risk assessment in terms of coastal activity location and accident type. The risk index is derived from a formula which adds the consequence of failure to a vulnerability value, then subtracts the mitigation value. Specifically, the consequence of failure is the number of casualties in coastal activity locations. An indicator of vulnerability refers to coastal environment elements and social elements. A pointer of mitigation includes managerial and organizational elements that indicate the capabilities of coastal activities. A risk rating of coastal activity location is found from a risk matrix consisting of the accident location and type. The purpose of this study is to prevent accidents at coastal activity locations by allowing the Coastal police guard to monitor effectively and inform visitors of potential risks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.177-187
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• 2016

This study started with the question, "Is the cost of landscape construction work in residential areas measured by public enterprises, 'in response to the needs of consumers?" The study analyzed whether the landscape construction expenditure is being introduced at an appropriate ratio according to the value the residents have regarding landscape elements. Following this, research was conducted for the purpose of providing basic data for improving the efficiency of formulating apartment landscape construction costs in the future. This research proceeded based on a questionnaire survey of residents of apartments, and the content of the questionnaire used frequency analysis and descriptive statistics research methods. To take a look at a comparative analysis of value recognition, in particular, a comparative analysis was performed based on the actual input cost based on the ratio of landscape elements by layer. Conclusions were found as follows: First, the degree of interest in the apartment landscape of the tenants was high, and the value of the landscape was high but realistic satisfaction appeared comparatively low. Second, the awareness of residents' values regarding landscape elements appeared to give "plantings" more value than "facilities". Thirdly, as a result of a mutual comparison between the values recognized by the resident regarding landscape elements and the construction input fee, depending on the landscape elements, it appeared that there is a difference in the ratio of up to 52 times from 1.25. Fourth, the fact that there is a difference in the relative proportion of value recognition and inputting construction cost indicates that it is not possible to respond to the needs of tenants during the construction cost development process. It also shows that the utility of inputting construction costs is low. Therefore, a macro-level examination such as reflecting the existing inflation rate is necessary to develop the efficient landscape construction cost of apartment such as the awareness of the value of the residents regarding landscape elements, out of the customary construction cost formulation method based on the microscopic dimensions of the consumer side.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.647-660
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• 1995

Given the tetrahedron-based octree approximation of a solid as described in part(I) of this thesis, in this part(II) a systematic procedure of 'boundary moving' is developed for the fully automatic generation of 3D finite element meshes. The algorithm moves some vertices of the octants near the boundary onto the exact surface of a solid without transforming the topology of octree leaf elements. As a result, the inner octree leaf elements can be used as exact tetrahedral finite element meshes. In addition, as a quality measure of a tetrahedral element, 'shape value' is propopsed and used for the generation of better finite elements during the boundary moving process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.295-298
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• 2008

The value of space is changing with change of modern society value. In this change, there is consistent subject about 'public'. So, design studies of public space for indoor and outdoor space are being carried out. Also, the concept of total design for space is a essential element and substance plan about space design and marketing is accomplished based on the total design. Now days, multiplex cultural space which have the concept of public and total design is increasing interest. Therefore, a case of multiplex cultural space, a purpose of this paper is elements investigate which design elements in public space of indoor and outdoor how it have been connecting fundamental design elements.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

This paper estimated the arrival angle and electric wave delay time using the space method law and the directions of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm in case of signal correlation. Space method law is the method used to repress cross correlation before applying the weight value to the receiving signal. The values of the diagonal elements in the correlation matrix were averaged to replace as the diagonal elements value. In the area of wireless communication or mobile communication, there are high correlations in case of low delay time difference in multiple waves. This causes the quality of the communication to drop due to interference with the desired signal elements. This paper estimated the arrival angle and electric wave delay time using the space method law and the MUSIC algorithm. With the arrival angle algorithm, the arrival angle cannot be estimated below 5 in case of signal correlations because the angle resolution capacity decreases accordingly. The super resolution capacity was estimated to determine the arrival angle below 5 in this paper. In addition, the proposed algorithm estimated the short delay time difference to be below 20ns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.399-402
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• 1999

In this paper, a new method for calculating capacitance in arbitrarily shape structure is Presented. This new approach based on divergence theorem of Gauss\`s law is acheive by Surface-Contacted Element(SCE) for Gaussian surface. To evaluate accurate capacitance value in nonuniform electric field. in two dimensional analysis the interpolation using the elements which contact one nod (PE: Point-Element) or two nod (FE: Face-Element) is employed. Because the elements contacted with surface are very small compared with total elements in analytic model, SCE method has shorter computing time to calculate capacitance. This proposed method is verified by comparing the simulated results with value obtained by analytic method.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.103-114
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• 2019

From the "Recommendation on the Safeguarding of the Beauty and Character Landscapes and Sites"(1962) to the "ICOMOS-IFLA Document on Historic Urban Public Parks"(2017), 'the spatial safeguarding Concept of Cultural Heritage' in International Norms has manifested in various types. In this article, 24 types of International Norms that reflect 'the concept of Spatial Safeguarding in Cultural Heritage' and Korea legal system such as 'Historical and Cultural Environment' were analyzed in the following two aspects. The first aspect is 'Object Type to safeguard' and analyzed in four types such as 'Groups of buildings(A type)', 'Surrounding, Environment, Setting(B type)', 'Cultural landscape(C type)', 'Historic area and Historic towns(D type)'. The second aspect is 'Safeguarding value(analysis elements)' and analyzed in the following tree elements ; 'Landscape value' such as skyline, 'Intangible value' such as the functions of cultural customs, and 'Ecological value' that should preserve life itself. As a result of the study, 'the concept of Spatial Safeguarding in Cultural Heritage' including C and D type and three value which are trends of International Norms are reflected in Korea legal system, and concrete safeguarding methodology is also implemented systematically in case of ecological value. However, intangible values are not specific to the methodology in both International norms and Korea legal systems, and should be developed in the future.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2014

Although the number of protein-coding genes is not highly variable between plant taxa, the DNA content in their genomes is highly variable, by as much as 2,056-fold from a 1C amount of 0.0648 pg to 132.5 pg. The mean 1C-value in plants is 2.4 pg, and genome size expansion/contraction is lineage-specific in plant taxonomy. Transposable element fractions in plant genomes are also variable, as low as ~3% in small genomes and as high as ~85% in large genomes, indicating that genome size is a linear function of transposable element content. Of the 2 classes of transposable elements, the dynamics of class 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons is a major contributor to the 1C value differences among plants. The activity of LTR retrotransposons is under the control of epigenetic suppressing mechanisms. Also, genome-purging mechanisms have been adopted to counter-balance the genome size amplification. With a wealth of information on whole-genome sequences in plant genomes, it was revealed that several genome-purging mechanisms have been employed, depending on plant taxa. Two genera, Lilium and Fritillaria, are known to have large genomes in angiosperms. There were twice times of concerted genome size evolutions in the family Liliaceae during the divergence of the current genera in Liliaceae. In addition to the LTR retrotransposons, non-LTR retrotransposons and satellite DNAs contributed to the huge genomes in the two genera by possible failure of genome counter-balancing mechanisms.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-31
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• 2010

This research aimed for revealing social interaction-based environmental learning elements at the natural history museum. First, we carried out a survey of the perceptual change about 'the environment' concept. It was for confirming whether environmental learning occurred in visiting. Second, we found environmental learning elements through analyzing dialogues among small group members during looking around the museum. Social interaction-based environmental learning elements were classified into five; knowledge, affection, value, skill, behaviour. Each environmental learning element included several sub-elements, so we revealed totally 9 environmental learning sub-elements. By results, we said characteristics and possibility of the natural history museum as an informal environmental educational institution. It is meaningful for extending areas of environmental education.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 1997

Given the widespread use of the Finite Element Method in strength analysis, automatic mesh generation is an important component in the computer-aided design of parts and assemblies. For a given resolution of geometric accuracy, the purpose of mesh generators is to discretize the continuous model of a part within this error limit. Sticking to this condition often produces many small elements around small features in spite that these regions are usually of little interest and computer resources are thus wasted. Therefore, it is desirable to selectively suppress small features from the model before discretization. This can be achieved by low-pass filtering a CAD model. A spatial function of one dimension higher than the model of interest is represented using the Fourier basis functions and the region where the function yields a value greater than a prescribed value is considered as the extent of a shape. Subsequently, the spatial function is low-pass filtered, yielding a shape without the small features. As an undesirable effect to this operation, all sharp corners are rounded. Preservation of sharp corners is important since stress concentrations might occur there. This is why the LPF (low-pass filtered) model can not be directly used. Instead, the distances of the boundary elements of the original shape from the LPF model are calculated and those that are far from the LPF model are identified and removed. It is shown that the number of mesh elements generated on the simplified model is much less than that of the original model.