• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4516-4521
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• 2014

Digital watermarking for digital image authentication and integrity schemes are based on fragile watermarking and can detect any modifications in a watermark embedded image by comparing the embedded watermark with the regenerated watermark. Therefore, the digital watermark for image authentication and integrity should be erased easily when the image is changed by digital image processing, such as scaling or filtering etc. This paper proposes an effective tamper detection scheme for digital images. In the proposed scheme, the original image was divided into many non-overlapping $2{\times}2$ blocks. The digital watermark was divided into two LSB of each block and the image distortion was imperceptible to the human eye. The watermark extraction process can be used to determine if the watermarked image has been tampered. The experimental results successfully revealed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.783-788
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a new approach to detect and recognize human face in the image from vision camera equipped on the mobile robot platform. Due to the mobility of camera platform, obtained facial image is small and pose-various. For this condition, new algorithm should cope with these constraints and can detect and recognize face in nearly real time. In detection step, ‘coarse to fine’ detection strategy is used. Firstly, region boundary including face is roughly located by dual ellipse templates of facial color and on this region, the locations of three main facial features- two eyes and mouth-are estimated. For this, simplified facial feature maps using characteristic chrominance are made out and candidate pixels are segmented as eye or mouth pixels group. These candidate facial features are verified whether the length and orientation of feature pairs are suitable for face geometry. In recognition step, pseudo-convex hull area of gray face image is defined which area includes feature triangle connecting two eyes and mouth. And random lattice line set are composed and laid on this convex hull area, and then 2D appearance of this area is represented. From these procedures, facial information of detected face is obtained and face DB images are similarly processed for each person class. Based on facial information of these areas, distance measure of match of lattice lines is calculated and face image is recognized using this measure as a classifier. This proposed detection and recognition algorithms overcome the constraints of previous approach [15], make real-time face detection and recognition possible, and guarantee the correct recognition irregardless of some pose variation of face. The usefulness at mobile robot application is demonstrated.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2010

This paper describes a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real-time gaze discrimination system. Unlike most of the existing gaze discrimination techniques, which often require assuming a static head to work well and require a cumbersome calibration process for each person, our gaze discrimination system can perform robust and accurate gaze estimation without calibration and under rather significant head movement. This is made possible by a new gaze calibration procedure that identifies the mapping from pupil parameters to screen coordinates using generalized regression neural networks (GRNNs). With GRNNs, the mapping does not have to be an analytical function and head movement is explicitly accounted for by the gaze mapping function. Furthermore, the mapping function can generalize to other individuals not used in the training. To further improve the gaze estimation accuracy, we employ a reclassification scheme that deals with the classes that tend to be misclassified. This leads to a 10% improvement in classification error. The angular gaze accuracy is about $5^{\circ}$horizontally and $8^{\circ}$vertically. The effectiveness of our gaze tracker is demonstrated by experiments that involve gaze-contingent interactive graphic display.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.359-363
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• 2017

The LED (Liquid Emitting Diode) frame device is a big part of the representative display industry in Korea. LED is an essential part for TV, monitor, notebook, and mobile phone. In Japan, Taiwan, China and other countries, investment in LEDs has been strengthened, and productivity has become an important issue. However, as the size of the parts becomes smaller, the inconsistent inspection by the human eye becomes a problem of reliability, so that the automatic inspection process becomes an essential issue in the field of LED module inspection. In this paper, we investigate defects in visual inspection process using computer vision technology. The inspection of the LED frame is made quickly and accurately, thereby improving the efficiency of the process and shortening the inspection time. As a result of applying the inspection system to the field, we confirmed that it is possible to inspect quickly and accurately.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-138
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• 2014

There are various ways to monitor active volcanoes, such as the method of observing the activity of a volcano with the naked eye, the method of referring to the past eruptive history based on the historic records and the method of monitoring volcanoes by using observation equipment. The most basic method from the observation equipment-using methods to monitor volcanoes is seismic monitoring. In addition to this, the ways to monitor volcanoes are as follows: resonance observation which may be effective to remove artificial noises from the seismic activities that are recorded in the seismograph, ground deformation by using precision leveling, electronic distance measurement, tiltmeter, GPS, and InSAR observation method, volcanic gas monitoring, hydrologic and meteorological monitoring, and other geophysical monitoring methods. These monitoring methods can make volcanic activities effectively monitored, determine the behavior of magmas in magma chambers and help predict the future volcanic eruptions more accurately and early warning, thus, minimize and mitigate the damage of volcanic hazards.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.72-78
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• 2000

In this study, we propose a model verification algorithm based on DCT and neural network for ATM security system. We construct database about facial images after capturing thirty persons facial images in the same lumination and distance. To simulate model verification, we capture four learning images and test images per a man. After detecting edge in facial images, we detect a characteristic area of square shape using edge distribution in facial images. Characteristic area contains eye bows, eyes, nose, mouth and cheek. We extract characteristic vectors to calculate diagonally coefficients sum after obtaining DCT coefficients about characteristic area. Characteristic vectors is normalized between +1 and -1, and then used for input vectors of neural networks. Not considering passwords, simulations results showed 100% verification rate when facial images were learned and 92% verification rate when facial images weren't learned. But considering passwords, the proposed algorithm showed 100% verification rate in case of two simulations.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-178
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• 2009

The ODR can be categorized into four distinctive types. First type is the asynchronous non-demeanour method. Second type is the asynchronous demeanour method. Third type is the synchronous demeanour method. Fourth type is the synchronous demeanour method. A typical example of the asynchronous and non-demeanour method is e-mail. The example of the synchronous and non-demeanour method is tele conference. The example of the asynchronous demeanour method is video recordings. The example of synchronous and demeanour method is video conference. The primary benefit of e-mail is to avoid the physical violence. But the costs of email is the lack of emotional aspects of disputants. The benefits of tele conference is ease of use, and reduces the negative aspects of face to face communication. but the costs are limitation of the exchange of written information. The benefits of video conference is the approximation of face to face communication by providing oral as well as visual communication. but it is insufficient to represent eye contact. The common limitations of ODR are as follows. First is the lack of human face. Second is the neutrality of arbitrators and mediators. Third is the authenticity of electronic document. Fourth is the digital divide across South and North and generations. Fifth is the cross-cultural communication. The development strategy of ODR is the training and education of arbitrators and mediators in the area of writing skill. Furthermore, it is necessary to supplement the weakness of email via diverse kinds of expressions to show emotions. Finally, it is necessary to train neutrals in the area of cross-cultural communication.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.391-399
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• 2021

Purpose: As laptop use increases throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and its use outside of traditional workstations proliferates, it is imperative to expand the limited research available regarding ergonomic exposure. This study aimed to identify the effects of a laptop supporter on biomechanical characteristics in the wrist joint muscles of healthy young adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study design with thirty-four healthy young adults as participants. They conducted a typing exercise performed under two different conditions, which were with and without a notebook computer supporter. This study measured the biomechanical characteristics of the muscles of the wrist joints including the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), and the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). Measurements were taken three times: before typing, immediately after typing for 30 minutes with a supporter, and immediately after typing for 30 minutes without a supporter. The statistical method to compare the three different measurement conditions was the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The participants showed significantly different levels of dynamic stiffness in both the FCU before typing and immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter, and showed significantly different levels of dynamic stiffness in the FCR before typing and immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter. The dynamic stiffness level immediately after 30 minutes of typing without a supporter was significantly different than that immediately after 30 minutes of typing with a supporter. However, the muscle tone was not significantly different among the three different conditions. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that a laptop supporter used to correct the eye level of the electronic screen increases the dynamic stiffness of the wrist joint flexors, so it is necessary to consider the neutral position of the wrist joint during typing.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.664-670
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• 2018

In modern society, CCTV, which is the eye of surveillance, is being used to collect image data in various ways in daily life. CCTV is used not only for security, surveillance, and crime prevention but also in many fields such as automobile and black box. In this paper, we have developed a STM32F407 ARM chip based camera system for various applications. In order to develop camera system, modeling of camera system based on 3D structure was carried out in SolidWorks environment. The PCB board design was developed to extract the PCB parts from the camera system modeling files into iges files, convert them from the Altium Designer tool into 3D and 2D boards, After designing the camera system circuit and PCB, we have been studying the implementation of the stable system by using TRM (Thermal Risk Management) tool to cope with the heat simulation generated on the board.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

Clouds in the atmosphere are important variables that affect the temperature change by reflecting the radiant energy of the earth surface as well as changing the amount of sunshine by reflecting the sun's radiation energy. Especially, the amount of sunshine on the surface is very important It is essential information. Therefore, eye-observations of the sky on the surface of the earth have been enhanced by satellite photographs or relatively narrowed observation equipments. Therefore, cloud automatic observing systems have been developed in order to replace the human observers, but depending on the seasons, the reliability of observations is not high enough to be applied in the field due to pollutants or fog in the atmosphere. Therefore, we have developed a cloud observation algorithm that is robust against smog and fog. It is based on the calculation of the degree of aerosol from the all-sky image, and is added to the developed cloud reader to develop season- and climate-insensitive algorithms to improve reliability. The result compared to existing cloud readers and the result of cloud cover is improved.