• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.25.1-25.12
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• 2020

Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the influence of autoclave sterilization procedures on the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments. Materials and Methods: A systematic search without restrictions was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Open Grey. The hand search was also performed in the main endodontic journals. The eligible studies were submitted to the methodological assessment and data extraction. Results: From 203 abstracts, a total of 10 articles matched the eligible criteria. After reading the full articles, 2 were excluded because of the absence of the heat-treated instruments in the experimental design and 3 due to the lack of a control group using heat-treated instruments without autoclave sterilization. From the 5 included studies, 1 presented a low risk of bias, 3 presented moderate and 1 high risk. It was observed heterogeneous findings in the included studies, with autoclave sterilization cycles increasing, decreasing or not affecting the cyclic fatigue life of heat-treated NiTi instruments. However, the retrieved studies evaluating the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic instruments presented different protocols and assessing outcomes, this variability makes the findings less comparable within and also between groups and preclude the establishment of an unbiased scientific evidence base. Conclusions: Considering the little scientific evidence and considerable risk of bias, it is still possible to conclude that autoclave sterilization procedures appear to influence the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated NiTi instruments.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.26.1-26.18
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the pain and flare-up effects of calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medication (ICM) in non-vital mature teeth. Materials and Methods: Electronic-databases searching for published and grey literature and manual searching were conducted. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included comparing CH to other ICMs in non-vital mature teeth. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 Cochrane tool. The main outcomes were pain and flare-up. Qualitative and quantitative analysis, wherever applicable, was performed. The certainty of evidence (CoE) was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Sixteen articles were included in 6 comparisons at different time points for different outcomes. CH reduced pain risk than no ICM within the 1-14-days interval (p < 0.05) and than triple-antibiotic paste within the first day (p < 0.05) and was similar to corticosteroid/antibiotics combination (p > 0.05). Chlorhexidine (CHX) or CH/CHX, however, reduced pain levels than CH alone (p < 0.05). CH showed higher flare-up risk than CHX (p < 0.05). CoE, however, ranged from very low to moderate. Conclusion: Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2006

Objectives : Ma-huang (Ephedra sinica) is frequently prescribed for obesity management in oriental medicine. The main component is ephedrine alkaloids which can have serious adverse side effects such as heart attack, stroke, sudden death. There are no scientific guidelines for Ma-huang usage in the safe treatment of obesity in oriental medicine. We reviewed published studies on its safety to make evidence based guidelines. Methods : We searched electronic databases up to May 2006. We limited evidence to controlled trials for efficacy or safety, case reports for safety, and studies for Ma-huang contents analysis. Results and Conclusions : In clinical trials for weight loss, Ma-huang and ephedrine promote modest short-term weight loss but have no serious adverse effects, have only a few adverse effects associated with increased risk of psychiatric, autonomic, gastrointestinal symptoms and heart palpitations. In case reports, there have been serious adverse effects including stroke, heart attack, and death using typical doses of ephedrine or no associated illness. There are factors related to serious adverse effects, such as overuse, lack of standardization, individual sensitivity, and interactions with other drugs. Studies relating to these factors should be analyzed for safe use of Ma-huang and ephedrine. After analyzing related studies, we suggest guidelines for Ma-huang usage. We propose that the dosage should be within 4.5-7.5g per day for up to 6 months for generally healthy individual. It's use is contraindicated in individuals with heart disease, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, psychiatric disorders, glaucoma, urination disorders, enlarged prostate, persons using MAOIs, methyldopa and sympathomimetic agents.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2019

Objectives : This review determines the evidence of effectiveness and safety of Chuna manual therapy (CMT) for pediatric allergic rhinitis. Methods : We searched 12 electronic databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CAJ, J-STAGE, RISS, DBpia, NDSL, KISTI, KISS, and KMBASE) and two related journals up to the end of April, 2019. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CMT for the treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 1.0. Results : Twelve RCTs were eligible in our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of five studies demonstrated positive results for the using CMT for the treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis. When used in conjunction with traditional Chinese medicine, CMT treatment significantly improved total efficacy rate compared with traditional Chinese medicine alone (P<0.02, n=5). Conclusions : Based on a published meta-analysis, there is reliable evidence for the use of CMT in treating pediatric allergic rhinitis. However, it should be noted that the studies included in this systematic review were heterogeneous and were of low quality, warranting further investigation using well-designed RCTs.

• The Journal of Health Technology Assessment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Brain Stereotactic Surgery with a systematic review. Methods: Electronic literature was searched using KoreaMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on 6th April 2017. Two authors screened 1218 citations. Duplicated articles of 456 excluded, the remaining 762 articles were reviewed with title and abstract. Results: A total of 8 studies were selected in this review. The device used in all studies was $ROSA^{TM}$. In one cohort study comparing the intervention ($ROSA^{TM}$) with the control (conventional stereotactic surgery), hematoma was reported no significant difference between groups. In six descriptive studies, one study reported hematoma 10% (10/100) and temporary nerve impairment 6% (6/100) using the ROSA; while five descriptive study did not report any complications. In one cohort, the localization precision were 1.2 mm in the intervention group and 1.1 mm in the control group; the localization success rate as 78.2% in the intervention group and 76.2% in the control group in one cohort; and the average time for surgery as 130 min for the intervention group and 352 min for the control group in one cohort. Four studies reported the localization success rate as 100%; two out of three articles reported the overall time for surgery as 56 min and 90 min, while one article reported the time as less than one hour in 50% of patients (50/100); two articles reported in epilepsy patients, the condition after the surgery was Engel level I in 66.2%, 75% patients, Engel level II-III in 25%, 26.5% patients, and Engel level 4 in 7.3% patients. Conclusion: Robot-Assisted Brain Stereotactic Surgery is a safe and accurate technique that can significantly reduce the time for the brain stereotactic surgery. However, further studies are needed to generalize the results.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2021

Objectives This review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical significance of Chuna manual therapy (CMT) in the treatment of pediatric cough. Methods Ten electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CNKI [CAJ], KMBASE, KISS, KISTI, NDSL, RISS, and Oasis) were searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CMT for pediatric cough treatment were included. The methodological quality of each RCT was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (v1.0). Results Nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed positive effects of CMT in the treatment of pediatric cough. Both CMT alone and CMT combined with Chinese medication or Chinese medicine acupoint application (CMAA) were effective in treating pediatric cough. Conclusions This systematic review shows the reliability, effectiveness, and clinical significance of CMT in the treatment of pediatric cough. However, the evidence is limited due to the defective design of the included RCTs. More well-designed RCTs are required to provide clearer evidence for this claim.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chuna manual therapy for rhinitis. Methods We performed a literature search using ten electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Academic Journals(CAJ), Research Information Sharing Service(RISS), Dbpia, National Digital Science Library(NDSL), Koreanstudies Information Service System(KISS), Korean Medical database(KMbase), and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS)) and two academic journals up to the end of April 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which appraised the effect of chuna manual therapy (CMT) in the treatment of rhinitis. The risk of bias was evaluated from the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results 4 appropriate RCTs were included and analyzed. The efficacy rate of the CMT group was statistically higher compared to the control group treated with medicine[RR 1.14 (95%CI 1.06 1.22), P<0.01]. Conclusions Based on results, CMT could be effective in rhinitis. However, evidence were limited due to small number of studies, lack of well-designed RCT and regional bias. Further well-designed research should be required to obtain stronger evidence.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2021

Objectives This systematic review aimed to provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of Chuna manual therapy (CMT) for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods We searched 12 electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, ScienceON, KMbase, KISS, OASIS, KMTANK, and RISS) up to the end of October 2021. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CMT for the treatment of CTS. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 1.0. Results Six RCTs were eligible for inclusion in our study. A meta-analysis of four studies demonstrated positive results for the use of CMT when used in conjunction with Korean medicine treatment compared to those for Western conservative treatment for CTS. Conjunction treatment significantly improved the total efficacy rate compared to conservative treatment alone (P=0.0007, n=4). Conclusions There is reliable evidence for the use of CMT in treating CTS based on a published meta-analysis. To measure only the effect of Chuna, an experimental group should be designed with Chuna alone to evaluate its effectiveness. However, it should be noted that the studies included in this systematic review were heterogeneous and of low quality, thus warranting further investigation using well-designed RCTs.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chuna manual therapy (CMT) for postpartum low back pain using a systematic review. Methods We performed a literature search using 12 electronic databases up to the end of September 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of CMT in the treatment of postpartum low back pain. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results Four randomized controlled trials were reported statistically significant effect in pain VAS, ODI and JOA of chuna manual therapy compared with moxibution, electro acupuncture, hyperthermia or usual care. As a result of assessing the risk of bias tool, most of the contents of the evaluation items were not identified, so it was evaluated as an uncertain risk. Conclusions CMT may be effective in treating postpartum low back pain. However, evidence was limited due to the small sample size, lack of well-designed RCTs and regional bias. Further well-designed studies are required to obtain stronger evidence.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3068-3086
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• 2022

Digital Forensics is gaining popularity in adjudication of criminal cases as use of electronic gadgets in committing crime has risen. Traditional approach to collecting digital evidence falls short when the disk is encrypted. Encryption keys are often stored in RAM when computer is running. An approach to acquire forensic data from RAM when the computer is shut down is proposed. The approach requires that the investigator immediately cools the RAM and transplant it into a host computer provisioned with a tool developed based on cold boot concept to acquire the RAM image. Observation of data obtained from the acquired image compared to the data loaded into memory shows the RAM chips exhibit some level of remanence which allows their content to persist after shutdown which is contrary to accepted knowledge that RAM loses its content immediately there is power cut. Results from experimental setups conducted with three different RAM chips labeled System A, B and C showed at a reduced temperature of -25C, the content suffered decay of 2.125% in 240 seconds, 0.975% in 120 seconds and 1.225% in 300 seconds respectively. Whereas at operating temperature of 25℃, there was decay of 82.33% in 60 seconds, 80.31% in 60 seconds and 95.27% in 120 seconds respectively. The content of RAM suffered significant decay within two minutes without power supply at operating temperature while at a reduced temperature less than 5% decay was observed. The findings show data can be recovered for forensic evidence even if the culprit shuts down the computer.