• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2024

Alendronate sodium (ALS) is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate used for the treatment of different bone disorders. However, its adverse effect on oral soft tissue has been detected. Rutin (RUT) is natural flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to investigate the possible effect of ALS on the tongue of adult male albino rats and to evaluate the possible protective role of RUT. Forty adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (RUT): Received RUT 50 mg/kg, group III (ALS): Received ALS 1 mg/kg, group IV (ALS+RUT):(ALS+RUT): Received ALS and RUT with the same doses as pervious groups. The drugs were given once daily for 5 weeks. Tongue specimens were taken and processed for light and scanning electron microscopic inspection. ALS treated group revealed structural changes in the tongue in the form of decrease in the height of the filiform papillae with blunt ends, marked atrophy in some papillae with areas of focal loss, loss of some epithelial cells, pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuoles in some epithelial cells. The lamina propria showed inflammatory cellular infiltration with congested blood vessels. Statistically, there were highly significant decrease in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunopositive cells, area percentage of Bcl-2 immunoexpression and highly significant increase in the collagen content compared to control group. Administration of RUT with ALS minimizes these changes. RUT protected the rat tongue against the histological and immunohistochemical changes induced by ALS through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2008

In this study, specimens such as tongue, supragingival and subgingival biofilm were taken from total 20 scaling subjects who visited the oral prophylaxis practice lab at department of dental hygienics, J Health College in order to observe bacterial distributions and morphology using scanning electron microscopy(sem). as a result, this study came to the following conclusions: 1. According to observation of tongue, supragingival and subgingival biofilm through sem, it is found that there are round colonies of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli on blood agar medium. 2. The observation of bacterial morphology on dental biofilm through sem, cocci in chain cocci in cluster and bacillus(rod) respectively. 3. For tongue biofilm, it is found that a variety of bacterial species are detected, such as Granulicatolla adiacens(1), Gemella morbillorum(3), Streptococcus mitis(2), Streptococcus sanguinis(1), Aerococcus viridans (2), Streptococcus equinus(1), Leuconostoc spp.(1), Gemella haemolysans (1) and Lactococcus lactis spp.(1) respectively. 4. For supragingival biofilm, it is found that a variety of bacterial species detected, such as Aerococcus viridans(1), Gemella haemolysans(2), Leuconostoc spp.(2), Gemella morbillorum(1) and Pseudomonas fluoescens (1) respectively. 5. For subgingival biofilm, it is found that a variety of bacterial species detected, such as Leuconostoc spp.(1), Staphylococcus lugdunensis(1) and Streptococcus salivarius(1) respectively.

• 치과방사선
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.343-362
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate chronic radiation effects on the basal cell of the rat tongue epithelium according to different irradiation timing. Forty-two female rats were devided into 5 experimental groups according to different irradiation timing and were irradiated single dose of 396cGy by MK cell irradiator using Cs-137. Experimental rats were sacrificed at the 2nd week, 4th week and 6th week after birth. The specimens were examined with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The following results were obtained. 1. The first changes after irraditation were vacuoles. The vacuoles were chiefly observed in the cytoplasm, perinuclei area, and nuclei. 2. The most severe degenerative changes in the basal cell layer were observed in all experimental groups. ; cellular disarrangement, vacuole formation, widening of intercellular space, enlarged mitochondria & rER, and chromatin clumping were seen. 3. The cellular degenerative changes were most severe at the 4th week after birth in all experimental group, and the basal cell hyperplasia was seen at the 6th week in the most of experimental groups 4. The experimental groups 3 and 4 show more severe and more prolonged cellular degeneration than experimental groups 1 and 2, which were irradiated in pregnancy, and experimental group 5, which was irradiated after tongue maturation.

• 치과방사선
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1990

The author observed the changes of vasculature of pre-and post-irradiation on DMBA induced rat tongue cancer. The study was performed by using vascular corrosion resin casting, and scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. The capillaries runned parallely and formed bundles and, sometimes, plexus. The endothelial cells were arranged regularly and small pores were observed. 2. In irradiated normal tongue the capillaries were curved slightly and formed plexus on initial day of post-irradiation. On third day the capillaries and capillary pores were dilated and the endothelial cell arrangement was irregular. The effects of irradiation were gradually increased from initial to the 3rd day, though it was decreased after 7th day. 3. The vasculature of DMBA induced tongue cancer group were very irregular, and large avascular lesions were formed according to the cancer necrosis or tumor cell nest and the vasculature was narrowed and paralleled around the avascular lesion by compression of cancer cell nest. The vascular wall was roughened and dilated, forming club shaped or varix. 4. The vessels were curved and formed reticular network in irradiated DMBA induced tongue carinoma group. The free end of newly formed capillaries had regular width, and also irregular club shaped or aneurysmal dilatation were observed. The vascular structures were destroyed and vessels were fused in tumor necrosis lesion. The radiation effects were marked on the first and third day of irradiation and the effects were decreased after seventh day and showed capillary regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2022

Sialolithiasis is a condition in which the salivary gland excretory duct is obstructed due to the formation of calcareous deposits and is uncommon in children compared to adults. The treatment modalities range from a conservative approach involving hydration to a surgical approach. Though several studies have analyzed the sialolith micromorphology structures, studies on pediatric sialoliths remain scarce. This brief communication aims to describe the sialolith micromorphology to understand the mechanism of mineralization and growth of pediatric sialoliths. A 6-year-old Korean female presented with swelling under her tongue. The intraoral examination revealed a painless yellowish hard mass beneath the tongue near the Wharton's duct which was suspected as a sialolith. After receiving the informed consent, the sialolithotomy was performed under local anesthesia. The obtained stone was analyzed through histopathology and transmission electron microscope examinations to understand the mechanism of mineralization and growth of pediatric sialolith. The micromorphology and growth processes of pediatric sialolith remain undescribed. More comprehensive microscopic studies are needed regarding their distinctive characteristics. By expanding knowledge about sialoliths micromorphology, development of new preventive, diagnostic and patient-tailored treatment methods of pediatric sialolithiasis will be enhanced.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제34권
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• pp.21-30
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• 2022

목 적: 본원에서 방사선치료를 받는 두경부암 환자들에게 적용하기 위하여 도입한 구강용 고정장치 BinkieRT^TM의 구강 내 재현성을 평가하고 기존 고정장치와의 재질과 선량 비교를 통해 그 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: BinkieRT^TM를 사용하여 치료한 두경부암 환자 24명을 대상으로 혀 재현성 평가를 위해 치료계획용 CT와 치료 중 3일 간격으로 촬영된 CBCT영상에 혀를 그린 후 DSC와 중심축 이동값을 분석하였다. 또한 BinkieRT^TM를 사용하는 경우와 다른 종류의 구강 고정장치(mouth piece, paraffin wax)를 사용했을 때 선량 분포측면에서 혀에 조사되는 선량을 비교하였다. 이를 위해 상악에 위치한 종양 치료를 받는 환자들과 편측 두 경부암 환자들을 각 10명씩 선정하고 전산화 치료 계획 시 혀에 조사되는 선량을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 재질 평가 측면에서는 임상에서 혀를 치료부위 반대 방향으로 보내 고정하는 목적으로 많이 사용하는 Paraffin Wax나 Putty와의 비교를 통하여 BinkieRT^TM의 단순 물질 특성을 알아보기 위해 전산화 치료 장비로 Mass density 및 상대전자밀도 등을 확인하고, 팬텀과 이온챔버를 이용하여 Transmission Factor를 측정하였다. 결 과: BinkieRT^TM를 사용 시 DCS (n=144) 의 평균은 0.8 ± 0.07, 95% 신뢰구간은 0.79~0.82 로 나타났고, 빈도분포 분석 결과는 왜도 -0.8, 첨도 0.61 로 나타났다. 치료 기간 중 혀 중심축 이동에 대한 편차를 분석하기 위해 LR, SI, AP 방향 이동에 대한 95% 신뢰구간과 편차의 이상값인 0에 대한 일표본 t검정을 실시하였다.(n=144) t검정 결과 LR, SI 방향의 평균은 각각 0.01 ± 0.14 cm(p>.05), 0.03 ± 0.25 cm(p>.05), AP 방향은 -0.08 ± 0.25 cm(p<.05) 로 나타났다. 혀를 치료부위의 반대 방향으로 고정한 경우인 편측 귀밑샘 종양 환자들의 경우 BinkieRTTM를 사용한 환자들의 혀 평균선량은 처방선량 대비 평균 16.92% ± 3.58%, Paraffin Wax 환자 23.99% ± 10.86% 로 BinkieRT^TM 사용 시 혀 선량이 비교적 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 반면, 혀를 아래로 누르는 목적으로 BinkieRT^TM를 사용한 환자들 중 비강암 환자의 혀 평균선량은 평균 4.4% ± 5.6%, mouth piece를 사용한 환자들은 5.9% ± 6.8% 로 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>.05). Paraffin Wax와 BinkieRT^TM, Putty의 상대전자밀도 측정 결과 각각 0.94, 0.99, 1.26, Transmission Factor는 각각 0.99, 0.98, 0.96로 나타났다. 결 론: BinkieRT^TM의 치료기간에 걸쳐 나타난 혀 DSC분석 결과는 약 0.8, 고정력은 LR, SI 방향으로의 편차가 0에 가까울 정도로 매우 우수하였으며, AP방향의 고정력 또한 평균 0.08 cm 로 우수한 편이었다. 또한 혀를 옆으로 밀어 치료부위 반대 방향으로 고정하는 편측 두경부암 환자의 경우 Paraffin wax나 Putty를 사용하는 것보다 BinkieRT^TM를 사용하는 것이 혀에 조사되는 불필요한 선량을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 본 실험 결과와 BinkieRT^TM의 특성을 적절히 고려하여 두경부암 치료에 적용한다면 혀의 재현성 유지 및 선량 감소에 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1983

The author observed the effects of /sup 60/Co irradiation on the development and subcellular structure of tongue tissue of the fetal rats. The lower left abdomen of mothers were exposed to radiation on 15½th day of gestation with 300R. The fetuses were removed on the 6hr, 14hr, 24hr, 48hr and 72hr after irradiation and the light microscopic and electron microscopic observations of the lingual epithelium, lamina propria and muscle layer were carried out. The results were as follows: 1. The irradiated fetuses showed the retardation of filiform papillae formation. 2. Epithelial cells revealed fusion and myelination of mitochondria, large autolysosomes, increased lipid droplets, retardation of tonofilaments and desmosome formation. 3. In the lamina propria, undifferentiated cells showed bleb formation of nuclear membrane, pyknosis and fragmentation of nucleus, edema of cytoplasm I and nucleus, increased auto-lysosomes, dilatation of cell membrane and cell necrosis. Also, collagenous fibril formation was inhibited by irradiation. 4. In the muscle layer, growth of myotubes was inhibited. Myotubes showed swelling of mitochondria, loss of mitochondrial cristae, autolysosomes, retardation of myofibril formation, and large vacuoles. Undifferentiated cells adjacent myotube contained pyknotic nucleus and autolysosomes. 5. Among the various tissues of tongue, it seems that mesenchymal cells were most radiosensitive.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-26
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• 1982

In order to study the effects of traimcinolone acetonide on the wound healing of tongue, eight two healthy albino rats were asesthetized with pentothal. The wound, approximately 1mm in depth and 2mm in diameter, was created on the midlateral aspect of tongue with the tip of small rongeur fourcep. Forty one animals were employed in one of the following groups:(I) Control group: Received 0.5ml/100gm B.W. of saline suspension intralesionally at weekly interval until sacrificed.(II) Experimental group: Received $100\mu\textrm{g}/100gm$ B.W. of trimacinolone acet- onide suspension intralesionally at weekly interval until sacrificed. Biopsy specimens of wounds were taken at 6,18,24 hours, 2,3,5,7,14 and 28 days after wounding. The specimens were sectioned, and observed with light microscope and electron microscope. The results were as follows : 1. In the triamcinolone acetonide treated wound, the epithelial and fibroblastic regeneration were dealayed when compared with controls. 2. After triamcinolone acetonide treated, edema was decreased at the early stage of wound healing. 3. In the triamcinolone acetonide treated wound, the fibroblasts exhibited fine morphological changes and reduction of collagen formation. It seems that triamcinolone acetonide inhibits fibroblast function.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2007

본 연구는 큰발윗수염박쥐(M. macrodactylus)의 혀유두의 형태적 특징을 알아보기 위하여 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 큰발윗수염박쥐의 혀 유두는 3가지 유형으로 관찰되었다. 사상유두는 혀의 전역에 걸쳐 분포하고 있었으며, 유두의 크기와 모양 및 돌기 수에 따라 5가지 유형으로 구분되어졌다. 유형 1은 혀의 전단부의 앞쪽에 위치하며 $10{\sim}15$개 정도의 침상돌기를 갖는 왕관형의 모양을 취하고 있었다. 유형 2는 혀 전단부의 뒤쪽에 위치하며, 유형 1보다 폭이 좁고 길이가 짧은 $8{\sim}10$개 정도의 가시모양의 침상돌기를 가지고 있었다. 유형 3은 혀의 중앙부에 위치하며, 5개 정도의 비늘모양의 침상돌기를 가지고 있었다. 유형 4는 혀 후단부의 중앙부위의 양 측면에 위치하며, 침상돌기가 없는 작은 원뿔형이었다. 유형 5는 혀 후단부의 양 측면에 위치하며 침상돌기가 없는 큰 원뿔형이었다. 융상유두는 대부분 혀의 양 측면과 혀 후단부의 중앙부위에 위치하며, 약 $40{\sim}45$개 정도로서 원형 또는 타원형의 유두였다. 혀 전단부의 끝에는 소형(직경 $65{\mu}m$), 혀의 양 측면에는 중형(직경 $75{\mu}m$) 그리고 혀 후단부의 중앙에는 대형(직경 $120{\mu}m$)의 융상유두가 존재하고 있었다. 유곽유두는 타원형의 형태로서, 혀 후단부의 중앙부위에 2개가 존재하고 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 혀 유두의 형태는 Myotis 종 사이에서 종의 관계를 결정하는데 유용하여, 이러한 다양한 유형의 혀 유두와 수적인 차이는 식이습성에 따른 차이라고 여겨진다.에서 얻은 시험 결과가 굴착 중 지중연속벽의 변형을 예측하는데 사용될 수 있음을 보였다.AFM)과 Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)을 통해 관찰한 GST 다층박막시료의 고온 열처리 전후 표면미시거칠기 변화도 PRAM 기록기를 사용할 때에는 in-situ 타원계를 사용할 때보다 1/10 정도의 크기를 보여주어 PRAM 기록기와 분광타원계를 사용하여 결정한 GST의 고온광학물성의 신뢰성을 확인하여 주었다.>, 여자 $179.1{\pm}37.2%$이었다. 평균필요량에 비해 가장 낮은 양을 섭취한 영양소는 엽산으로서 남자 $60.1{\pm}10.8%$, 여자 $54.6{\pm}9.9%$로 조사되었다. 칼슘의 섭취량은 평균필요량에 비해 전체 $74.9{\pm}31.9%$로 나타났다. 에너지 섭취량에 있어서 남자 노인들은 모두가 필요추정량의 75% 미만을 섭취하고 있었고 여자 노인의 경우에도 97%가 필요추정량의 75% 미만을 섭취하여 에너지 섭취량이 매우 낮았다 반면에 단백질 섭취량에 있어서는 남자 노인의 경우 100%가 평균필요량의 125%를 초과하였고, 여자 노인의 경우에는 91%가 평균필요량의 125%를 초과하여 대조적이었다. 비타민 A와 E는 각각 평균필요량과 충분섭취량의 125%를 초과하는 비율이 높게 나타난 반면에 비타민 $B_2$는 특히 남자 노인에서 평균필요량의 75%미만을 섭취한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 엽산 섭취량에 있어서는 평균필요량의 75% 미만을 섭취한 비율이 전체 96%로 나타나 심각한 부족상태로 조사되었다 반면에 철의 섭취량은 남녀 모두 100%가 평균필요량의 125%를 초과하여 섭취한

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1018-1021
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the villus distribution in the caeca of domestic geese based on the fine structure. The caeca of White Roman geese, 14-week old, were sampled and specimens were detected under photomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the villi existed at the proximal caecum. The morphologies of these villi showed finger-like, peak-like or tongue-like shapes. The heights of the villi decreased far from the proximal caecum. No villi were found in the middle and distal caecum. It was obvious that the proximal segment was the main portion for absorbing food nutrients in the caeca. The caecal content particles were small and possessed a viscid character. The large particles filtered out at the proximal caecum just like a mesh. The surface of the middle caecum exhibited parallel ridges with no villi. There were band plicae circular shapes found in the middle caecum under scanning electron microsopy.