• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.137-162
• /
• 2007

In democracy basic rights such as political equality and participation through elections have been respected, opportunities of corporation and opposition have been guaranteed, and ability of self-learning and self-correction have been developed. These positive factors give preconditions for the welfare development in the democratic state. Because in this state adults get the suffrage and the open competition for official positions induces political parties use social policies as means to win the election. That is to say, political parties have an incentive to use various social policies to win the election. Democracy, therefore, has affinity with social policy. The affinity between democracy and social policy can be found also in Korea which was democratized in 1987. But, in Korea, the positive relationship between democracy and social policy is very weak due to the problem of constitutional structures. Korean Parliament usually enacts abstract social act and delegates the right to fill concrete contents of the social acts to the executive. Delegation itself has no problem, but excessive delegation is a problem since the executive can overuse its discretion as sacrificing the social rights of the citizen. In addition social consensus could not be achieved in this constitutional structures, which are a obstacle to establishing a political process in the Parliament to promote the welfare development through party competition. Excessive delegation should be reduced, and the Parliament should fill concrete contents of the social acts as exercising its legislative power more. Then a mechanism of welfare development can be launched in Korea.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.8 no.8
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2019

In an Ad-hoc network, a method of time synchronizing all the nodes in a network centering on one reference node can be used. A representative algorithm based on a reference node is Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP). In the process of sending and receiving messages, predictable and unpredictable delays occur, which should be removed because it hinders accurate time synchronization. In multi-hop communications, hop delays occur when a packet traverses a number of hops. These hop delays significantly degrade the synchronization performance among nodes. Therefore, we need to find a method to reduce these hop delays and increase synchronization performance. In the FTSP scheme, hop delays can be greatly increased depending on the position of a reference node. In addition, in FTSP, a node with the smallest node ID is elected as a reference node, hence, the position of a reference node is actually arbitrarily determined. In this paper, we propose an optimal reference node election algorithm to reduce hop delays, and compare the performance of the proposed scheme with FTSP using the network simulator OPNET. In addition, we verify that the proposed scheme has an improved synchronization performance, which is robust to topology changes.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2017

As of March 2017, fake news is largely focused on political issues. Outside the country, main issues of the fake news have been a hot topic in the US presidential election in 2016 and emerged as a new political and social problem in countries like Germany and France. In Korea, issues of the fake news are also linked with political issues such as presidential impeachment and prosecution, impeachment quota, early election, etc. This phenomenon has recently led to the production and spread of fake news related to safety and security issues as well as political issues in connection with various methods of generating articles and sharing information. As a result, there is a high possibility that the information will be transformed into information that can cause considerable confusion to the public. Therefore, the recognition of such problems means that it is important at this point to consider the related situation analysis and effective countermeasures. To do this, we tried to make accurate and meaningful analysis for the diagnosis, analysis, forecasting and management of issues utilizing Big Data. As a result, it is found that the fake news is continuously generated in relation to the safety and security issue as well as the political issue in the South Korea, and differs from the general form occurring outside the country.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.610-616
• /
• 2021

This study is a literature review that analyzes the head of Ri election rules and regulations described in the village code, identifies problems, and proposes solutions for these problems. For data collection, a total of 146 village codes was collected from January 2019 to August 2019. The results showed people in most villages vote for the head of Ri according to democratic electoral processes. For system improvement, a one-person, one-vote system was proposed instead of a one-family, one-vote system in order to enhance gender equality and political rights. As for the appointment system, the following changes were proposed: First, candidate eligibility should be improved as only people who were born in that village are eligible; Second, the maximum age of candidacy for the head of Ri should be established as under 65 years old by considering physical ability in the event of disaster occurrences and physical activity required for running village businesses; Third, consecutive terms of the head of Ri when there is no successor should be limited in order to prevent indigenous forces from settling in the local community; and Fourth, education should be provided for building the head of Ri's stature in order to devote to promote public interest for village development.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2022

Unlike previous studies, this study looked at the effect of the ideological tendencies of local government heads on the social welfare budget as a longitudinal study. This study was made possible by the election of the head of a progressive group in Gumi-si, a stronghold of conservatives, after the implementation of the local self-government system. Therefore, in this study, the change process of the political ideological orientation of Gumi-si's heads and the social welfare budget by year were listed and time-series analysis was conducted using actual cases of Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk for more than 12 years. As a result of the analysis, first, as in the cross-sectional analysis, in the longitudinal study, the change in the rate of increase in the social welfare budget according to the political ideological tendencies of the head of the local government showed a meaningful difference. Second, as in the previous cross-sectional analysis, the social welfare budget increased in the year before the election. Third, the same change in the growth rate as in the second did not appear at the end of the third elected term. All studies on the relationship between the political ideological tendencies of local government heads (including local councils) and the social welfare budget have been cross-sectional. However, this study has great implications in terms of the results of the first longitudinal cross-sectional analysis.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2022

This paper aims to grasp what propensity users have in their ideology from the comments in the Web Portal News and the Press Website News. Through these analytical results, the political propensities of not only the Web Portal News and the Press Website News but also the voters who use these news media could be grasped. The collection of data necessary for this study has been made from the comments of 174 news stories for about 90 days before the election day. For the analysis, T-test has been used in order to compare Naver News with Daum News, the Minjoo Party of Korea with the People Power Party, and the Press Web Site News with Naver News. As a result of the analysis, the comments of Naver News took the higher percentage in the positive writings about the candidates of the conservative party. but, in contrast, those of Daum News in that percentage were higher about the ones of the progressive party. Accordingly, it can be found that Naver News is mainly used by users with the politically conservative propensity, while Daum News is mostly used by those with progressive one.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.875-885
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed the major issues of the Candlelight Rally and Taegukgi Rally registered in news comments of the politics section of the portal site from October 24, 2016 to March 19, 2017. We examined the political recognition of the two rallies with the Named Entity Recognition. The main analytical items are the responsibility for impeachment, the subject and method of settlement, and other major issues. As a result of the analysis, the comments of the Candlelight Rally focused on the impeachment support and the legal penalties of the regime ministers, and insisted on resolving the political situation through the next election after impeachment. The comments of the Taegukgi Rally focused on the rejection of the impeachment to maintain the regime and insisted on rejecting the impeachment of the Constitutional Court. The conflicts between the group that supported Candlelight Rallis and the group that supported Taegukgi rallies are predicted to last at least for the time being (Park Geun-hye's trial period) after the presidential election. After the impeachment of the President and replacement of the regime this conflict will develop into the confrontation between the pursuit of liquidation and new politics and the attempt to influence the trial of Park Geun-hye. Therefore, the efforts to integrate society in the aftermath are necessary.

• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.1-56
• /
• 2009

It is generally acknowledged that Philippines politics has achieved a basic soil for democracy at the macro-level by the two incidents of 'People Power' (1986 & 2001). However, in spite of such an achievement, Philippine politics at the micro-level, does not enjoy the same reputation. Institutionalized 'Bossism' or 'patron/clientelism' political culture has been attributed to make such a gap. This paper aims to bridge the gap by a longitudinal observation on local politics of a particular province in the Philippines. Surigao del Norte is the province picked up for the study. The reason why this particular province attracts special concerns is that there appears to come a very dynamic local politics, led by an indigenous Christian organization, the PBMA (Philippines Benevolent Missionary Association), which was founded in the mid 1960s. With the coming of the organization in the province, the political power of the traditional families has been narrowed. On the other hand, new families, not only the leader family of the PBMA but also the family allied with the PBMA, has expanded political influence. Following steps are adopted to understand the meaning of such a change. First, institutional frame of Philippine politics and elections will be reviewed. Second, demographic changes will be investigated on Surigao del Norte province to find out how popular the PBMA organization is among the people. Third, local election outcomes will be examined to describe the changing nature of political landscape of the province. This will reveal how the relationship between the old and new families has been developed in the province. Lastly, based on the facts discovered by a longitudinal observation, an attempt to evaluate theories on Philippines politics will be made Conclusions are as follows. To understand the dynamics of Philippine politics, 'expectations from the below,' or, 'passions of the people,' suggested by Ileto, needs more attention. Furthermore, 'mutual accommodation' between domination and resistance, coined by Abinales, also demands more appreciation. The case of local politics in the Surigao del Norte, with the coming of the PBMA, is sure to show a concrete example of changing politics in the 'changeless land.'

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.5-40
• /
• 2021

This study attempts to analyze gender gaps in voter turnout for three different types of elections held since 2017 at the aggregate level using the Central Election Management Commission's turnout data, paying attention to the importance of women's voting. The findings are as follows. First, modern gender gaps in voter turnout at the aggregate level are confirmed in most regions regardless of election types. Second, the gender gap in turnout varies with age. The gender difference is verified in the "widowhood effect," where turnout decreases in the oldest-old. In the new voter group, modern gender gaps appear in most regions. The reversed gender difference in turnout in the late 20s, which reflects the Korean society's characteristics, is confirmed in all elections. Third, it is unclear whether the reverse gender gap in turnout becomes more pronounced in urbanized districts. As urbanization progressed, modern gender differences in voter turnout across age groups are observed at the population-based size level. Paradoxically, the modern gender gap tends to be weak and turns into the traditional gender gap in younger age groups (in the late thirties) in Gangnam-gu and Seocho-gu, the most modernized districts in Seoul. These results show that the modern gender gap in turnout is now a common phenomenon and continues to be strengthened by newly recruited voters in Korea. Thus we should pay more attention to female voters' political behavior and a new approach beyond the developmental theory to understand the causal mechanism to generate the modern gender gap in voter turnout.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 1985

The surface fine structures of Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze, 1930) male and female specimens were observed by means of a scanning electron microscope. A brief review on the biology of the ticks and their disease relationships was also presented. 1. The sexual dimorphism of the specimen was marked; the male was quite smaller than the female. 2. The genital groove was well developed and deep, the anal groove was distinct and characteristically extending anteriorly around the anus. 3. The 4th article was much reduced and situated on the top of the 3rd article ventrally. The hypostome dentition was usually 3/3. 4. The bottom of the basis capitulum of the male specimen was strictly straight in shape. 5. This species was regarded as one of the most important vectors for infectious diseases of migrating birds.