• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2001

복합재료의 초음파검사는 매직의 탄성이방성으로 인해 빔스큐(beam skew)현상 등이 발생하기 때문에 등방성 재료의 검사에 비해 훨씬 어렵다. 그 동안의 많은 연구의 결과로서 이방성 재료 네 탄성파의 전파 현상에 대한 해석해법이 정립되어 있으나, 그 해석해가 매우 복잡하여 실제 문제의 해를 구하기 위해서는 수치적인 방법에 의존하여야 하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 횡등방 이방성(transversely isotropic)으로 가정할 수 있는 단일방향 섬유 복합재료 내 점원에 의한 초음파 전파의 해석해를 먼저 구하고, 이러한 복합재료를 질량-스프링 모델로 모델링하여 해석해에 상응하는 수치해를 구하였다. 그 결과, 초음파의 전파에 대한 수치해와 해석해가 매우 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 동일한 수치해석법을 사용하여 초음파가 복합재료의 자유표면에서 반사되는 현상과 균일에 의해 산란되는 현상에 대한 수치해도 구하였으며 그 결과를 파동역학의 관점에서 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서 그 유효성이 확인된 수치 모델은 복합재료의 초음파검사를 시뮬레이션 함에 있어 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.842-848
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• 2013

Developments of Solid-State Gyroscopy during last decades are impressive and were based on thin-walled shell resonators like HRG or CRG made from fused quartz or leuko-sapphire. However, a number of design choices for inertial-grade gyroscopes, which can be used for high-g applications and for mass- or middle-scale production, is still very limited. So, considerations of fundamental physical effects in solids that can be used for development of a miniature, completely solid-state, and lower-cost sensor look urgent. There is a variety of different types of bulk acoustic (elastic) waves (BAW) in anisotropic solids. Shear waves with different variants of their polarization have to be studied especially carefully, because shear sounds in glasses and crystals are sensitive to a turn of the solid as a whole, and, so, they can be used for development of gyroscopic sensors. For an isotropic medium (for a glass or a fine polycrystalline body), classic Lame's theorem (so-called, a general solution of Elasticity Theory or Green-Lame's representation) has been modified for enough general case: an elastic medium rotated about an arbitrary set of axes. Travelling, standing, and mixed shear waves propagating in an infinite isotopic medium (or between a pair of parallel reflecting surfaces) have been considered too. An analogy with classic Foucault's pendulum has been underlined for the effect of a turn of a polarizational plane (i.e., an integration effect for an input angular rate) due to a medium's turn about the axis of the wave propagation. These cases demonstrate a whole-angle regime of gyroscopic operation. Single-crystals are anisotropic media, and, therefore, to reflect influence of the crystal's rotation, classic Christoffel-Green's tensors have been modified. Cases of acoustic axes corresponding to equal velocities for a pair of the pure-transverse (shear) waves have of an evident applied interest. For such a special direction in a crystal, different polarizations of waves are possible, and the gyroscopic effect of "polarizational precession" can be observed like for a glass. Naturally, formation of a wave pattern in a massive elastic body is much more complex due to reflections from its boundaries. Some of these complexities can be eliminated. However, a non-homogeneity has a fundamental nature for any amorphous medium due to its thermodynamically-unstable micro-structure, having fluctuations of the rapidly-frozen liquid. For single-crystalline structures, blockness (walls of dislocations) plays a similar role. Physical nature and kinematic particularities of several typical "drifts" in polarizational BAW gyros (P-BAW) have been considered briefly too. They include irregular precessions ("polarizational beats") due to: non-homogeneity of mass density and elastic moduli, dissymmetry of intrinsic losses, and an angular mismatch between propagation and acoustic axes.

• 지구물리
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2000

전북 익산시의 쥬라기 화강암은 육안 식별이 가능한 단열이 비교적 적게 발달하고 균질하여 대형 석구조물 및 건축 재료로서 많이 사용되고 있다. 익산 쥬라기 화강암에 물리적인 힘을 가하면 어느 한 방향으로 잘 쪼개지는 결이 존재하는 것이 석공들에게 잘 알려져 있다. 이들 결은 서로 직교하며 취약한 순서에 따라 일결, 이결, 삼결이라 한다. 따라서, 익산 화강암의 물성은 사방정계적 대칭으로 표현될 수 있다. 사방정계의 탄성특성은 9 개의 독립된 탄성강성계수$(C_{1111},\;C_{2222},\;C_{3333},\;C_{2323},\;C_{1313},\;C_{1212},\;C_{1122},\;C_{2233},\;C_{1133})$로 기술된다. 익산 쥬라기 화강암의 정 및 동탄성학적 특징을 구명하기 위하여 화강암괴로부터 여섯방향의 시추공 시료를 제작하여 정탄성 실험과 동탄성 실험을 수행하였다. 정탄성 실험에서는 각 시료의 일축압축에 따른 세방향(축방향과 두 횡방향)의 변형을 측정하였고, 동탄성 실험에서는 각 시료 방향으로 진행하는 종파와 2 개의 수직방향으로 진동하는 횡파의 속도를 측정하였다. 일반 이방성 탄성지배공식으로부터 사방정계 경우를 유도한 결과를 이용하여, 실험 결과와 별도로 측정된 밀도를 사용하여 정탄성계수와 동탄성계수를 구하였다. 정탄성계수는 축응력이 증가함에 따라 탄성계수도 증가하며, 이들 중 24.5 MPa 의 축응력에 대한 정탄성계수가 상압 하에서 동탄성계수와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 현미경관찰에서 일결, 이결, 삼결과 평행 또는 아평행한 균열들이 미세균열의 주종을 이루고 있는 것이 밝혀졌으며, 익산 쥬라기 화강암이 이방성 탄성특성을 가지는 주된 원인은 이들 미세균열로 사료된다. 이들 결과는 익산 화강암의 석재 이용 효율성을 증가시키는 데 이용되며, 석구조물의 비파괴 안전진단에 이용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2015

The Internet traffic is forecasted to grow at a compound annual rate of 21 % from 2013 to 2018, according to surveys carried out by Cisco [1]. Network resources are significantly over-provisioned in today's networks, and it is quite common to see link utilization in the 30-40% range [2]. Additionally, the multi-media services have widely divergent bandwidth and Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements. Unfortunately, the huge transmission capacity will increase the power consumption of network equipment [3]. Applications Coordinated with Transport, Internet Protocol and Optical Networks (ACTION) [4] has been proposed to realize a multi-QoE, application-centric, and highly energy-efficient network that leverages flexible elastic optical network technologies [5-7]. This paper provides key network technologies for realizing the ACTION, which are a virtual optical slice core network and a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)-based deterministic active optical access network.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.449-474
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• 2010

A smart hollow cylinder consisting of a host functionally graded elastic core layer and two surface homogeneous piezoelectric layers is presented in this paper. The bonding between the layers can be perfect or imperfect, depending on the parameters taken in the general linear spring-layer interface model. The effect of such weak interfaces on free vibration and steady-state response is then investigated. Piezoelectric layers at inner and outer surfaces are polarized axially or radially and act as a sensor and an actuator respectively. For a simply supported condition, the state equations with non-constant coefficients are obtained directly from the formulations of elasticity/piezoelasticity. An approximate laminated model is then introduced for the sake of solving the state equations conveniently. It is further assumed that the hollow cylinder is embedded in an elastic medium and is simultaneously filled with compressible fluid. The interaction between the structure and its surrounding media is taken into account. Numerical examples are finally given with discussions on the effect of some related parameters.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.166-176
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• 1996

Effect of fish oil feeding was investigated on morphological changes of thoracic aora in female rats after bilateral oophorectomy(OVX). Fifty four healthy female rats of Spraque-Dawley strain, were divided into sham group, OVX group and , OVX and fish oil feeding, group. Experimental animals were sacrificed at the end first, eighth week and sixteenth week after operation, thoracic aorta blood sample were collected. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents in serum were significantly higher in the sham and OVX groups than fish oil feeding group. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels among three exjperimentnal group were lowest in the OVX group. 2) In the sham operation group, as experimental period prologed the endothelial cells were distorted round shape and enlarged, and the subendothelial layer was widened in tunical intima. The elastic lamina were disrupted in tunica group. In the fish oil feeding group, the endothelial cells and subendothelial layer in tunica intima, and the elastic lamina in tunica media were intance. From the present results, it was suggested that fish oil feeding may prevent the atherosclerotic changes in thoracic aorta and serum cholesterol induced by oophhorectomy in the rats.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.685-705
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• 2014

This paper presents a new formulation for forward scalar wave simulations in semi-infinite media. Perfectly-Matched-Layers (PMLs) are used as a wave absorbing boundary layer to surround a finite computational domain truncated from the semi-infinite domain. In this work, a hybrid formulation was developed for the simulation of scalar wave motion in two-dimensional PML-truncated domains. In this formulation, displacements and stresses are considered as unknowns in the PML domain, while only displacements are considered to be unknowns in the interior domain. This formulation reduces computational cost compared to fully-mixed formulations. To obtain governing wave equations in the PML region, complex coordinate stretching transformation was introduced to equilibrium, constitutive, and compatibility equations in the frequency domain. Then, equations were converted back to the time-domain using the inverse Fourier transform. The resulting equations are mixed (contain both displacements and stresses), and are coupled with the displacement-only equation in the regular domain. The Newmark method was used for the time integration of the semi-discrete equations.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.793-803
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• 2018

Based on the theory of porous media, an interaction system of a floating pile and a saturated soil in cylindrical coordinates subjected to vertical harmonic load is presented in this paper. The surrounding soil is separated into two distinct layers. The upper soil layer above the level of pile base is described as a saturated viscoelastic medium and the lower soil layer is idealized as equivalent spring-dashpot elements with complex stiffness. Considering the cylindrically symmetry and the pile-soil compatibility condition of the interaction system, a frequency-domain analytical solution for dynamic impedance of the floating pile embedded in saturated viscoelastic soil is also derived, and reduced to verify it with existing solutions. An extensive parametric analysis has been conducted to reveal the effects of the impedance of the lower soil base, the interaction coefficient and the damping coefficient of the saturated viscoelastic soil layer on the vertical vibration of the pile-soil interaction system. It is shown that the vertical dynamic impedance of the floating pile significantly depends on the real stiffness of the impedance of the lower soil base, but is less sensitive to its dynamic damping variation; the behavior of the pile in poro-visco-elastic soils is totally different with that in single-phase elastic soils due to the existence of pore liquid; the effect of the interaction coefficient of solid and liquid on the pile-soil system is limited.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

토목이나 환경분야에 적용되는 시추공을 이용한 P파와 S파 속도검층 수행 시 여러 고려해야 할 사항이 있다. 토양이나 풍화암 등 연약층에 설치한 케이싱이 탄성파 측정에 미치는 영향, 사용되는 주파수에 따라 측정되는 탄성파 속도의 변화 등이 그것이다. 또한 속도검층으로부터 구한 탄성계수는 동적특성을 반영한다. 이러한 과제를 극복하기 위해서는 탄성파시험이 설정된 시추공에서는 가급적 케이싱을 설치하지 않고 공벽을 유지하는 시추 기술을 개발, 적용하도록 하고, 속도검층의 목적에 맞는 주파수 대역의 시험법을 적용하도록 해야 하겠다. 또한 내진설계자들이 속도검층에서 구한 동탄성계수와 실내역학시험에서 구한 정탄성계수와의 차이점을 인식하고 적절히 사용할 수 있도록 조언하는 것도 필요하다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3841-3848
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• 2022

The effect of modifiers on the optical features and radiation defying ability of the Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses was examined. XRD has established the amorphous nature of the specimen. The presence of various functional/fundamental groups in the present glasses was analyzed through FTIR spectra. The physical, structural and elastic traits of the glasses were explored. The variation in the structural compactness of the glass structure according to the incorporated modifier was enlightened to describe their suitability for a better shielding media. For the examined glasses, the metallization criterion value varied in the range 0.613-0.692, indicating the non-metallic character of the glasses with possible nonlinear optical applications. The computed elastic moduli expose the Li-containing glass (BTLi:Eu) to be tightly packed and rigid, which is a requirement for a better shielding channel. Furthermore, the optical bandgap and the Urbach energy values are calculated based on the optical absorption spectra. The evaluated bonding parameters revealed the nature of the fabricated glasses covalent. In addition, we investigated the radiation attenuation attributes of the prepared Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses using Phy-X software. We determined the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and reported the influence of the five oxides Li₂O₃, CaO, BaO, SrO, and ZnO on the LAC values. The LAC varied between 0.433 and 0.549 cm^-1 at 0.284 MeV. The 39B₂O₃-25TeO₂-15Li₂O₃-10Na₂O-10K₂O-1Eu₂O₃ glass has a much smaller LAC than the other glasses.