• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the beauty food activities of wild-cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). wild-cultivated ginseng extracts were analyzed for antioxidant, skin whitening, anti-wrinkle effect was measured in water and 70% ethanol extract. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were 16.69 and 2.18% as well as 4.04 and 3.25% at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The antioxidant protection factors (PF) of water and 70% ethanol extracts at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$ were 1.06 PF and 1.09 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs) were both 96% at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. As PF and TBARs showed higher activity than DPPH and ABTS, we could know that antioxidant activity in the lipophilic component of wood-cultivated ginseng were superior to water-soluble component of wood-cultivated ginseng. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 10.97 and 52.39% in water and 70% ethanol extracts at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities as anti-wrinkle effect were 15.71 and 20.43% in water extracts as well as 32.26 and 86.74% in 70% ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The results show that anti-wrinkle effect was the best among the other experiments. This extracts from wood-cultivated ginseng, therefore, seems to be a potent beauty food resource against wrinkles.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2013

Human skin is constantly exposed to environmental conditions such as UV rays, polluted air, and chemical products. UV rays, in particular, affect skin in many ways causing wrinkles, fine wrinkles, rough skin, and xeroderma through a skin aging process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-wrinkling effect of Juniperus rigida Sieb., derived from a common cedar tree found the world over. Measuring the elastase to investigate wrinkling efficacy, it was shown that at a concentration level of $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of the two extracts, the water extract exhibited a lower than 10% inhibition activity, while the ethanol extract exhibited a 68.5% inhibition activity. Collagenase inhibition activity in the water extract and ethanol extract were 44.9% in the former and 97.2% in the latter extract, which in the case of the ethanol extract, is similar to ascorbic acid (99.6%). Moreover, measuring the biosynthesis of collagen by fibroblast, a concentration level of $50{\mu}g/ml$ of ethanol extract produced 151.52% of biosynthetic promotion, proving that the ethanol extract acts as a superb anti-wrinkling agent. The result of an investigation conducted on the influence of the ethanol extract on MMP-1 caused by UVA showed that at a concentration level of $1,00{\mu}g/ml$ of the ethanol extract of J. rigida Sieb a 67.1% inhibition activity was noted. At a concentration level of $50{\mu}g/ml$ of the ethanol extract of J. rigida Sieb a 35% and 39% inhibition ratio to MMP-1 protein and mRNA were observed respectively, thereby restraining the appearance of the collagen breakdown enzyme MMP-1 and wrinkle creation by skin photo-aging.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2017

This study was designed to extracts from Orostachys japonicas were investigated to assess anti-oxidation and biological activity. Phenolic content was maximum of $10.56{\pm}0.32mg/g$ when extracted with 50% ethanol. In anti-oxidative activity, Orostachys japonicus electric donating activity was higher than 80% in both water and ethanol extract at $200{\mu}g/mL$. 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization of both water and ethanol extract was higher than 95.0% but antioxidant protection factor of water extract was higher than ethanol extract. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of ethanol extract was higher than water extract. For antihypertensive effect determination, angiotesin converting enzyme of water and ethanol extract showed 6.67 and 7.98% each at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Ethanol extract of $200{\mu}g/mL$ showed xanthin oxidase inhibitory effect of 60.85% but was not shown with water extract. Orostachys japonicus ethanol extract showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 64.59% which was higher than kojic acid of control indicating higher whitening effect. In anti-wrinkle effect, ethanol extract at $50-200{\mu}g/mL$ showed collagenase inhibitory effect of 75.95-85.02% which was higher than 68.91-76.64% of epigallocatechin-gallate of control group. 50% ethanol extract showed higher elastase inhibitory activity than water extract. Therefore, Orostachys japonicus extracts were identified to have high anti-wrinkle effect. These results identify anti-oxidative activity, gout prevention, whitening effect, and anti-wrinkle effect which indicate the possibility as a source for functional material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.572-580
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• 2017

The contents of phenolic compounds in water and 40% ethanol extracts from Okkwang (Castanea crenata) chestnut bur solid (OCS) were $11.24{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ solid and $10.28{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ solid, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) radical decolorization activities of water and ethanol extracts were 85% and 100% as well as 87% and 86% at a solid content of $50{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The anti-oxidant protection factors (PFs) of water and ethanol extracts at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$ were 1.22 PF and 1.45 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were 83% in water extract and 73% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase in water and ethanol extracts were 54% and 43% at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were 95% in water extract and 96% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 27% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The collagenase and elastase inhibitory activities as anti-wrinkle effect were 93% and 11% in water extract as well as 94% and 56% in ethanol extract at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity as anti-inflammatory effect of water and ethanol extracts were 96% and 52% at a solid content of $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The results show that extracts from OCS can be used as a functional resource with antioxidant, anti-gout, carbohydrate degradation inhibitory, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.211-221
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the functional properties and characteristics of Dolnamul (Sedum sarmentosum) as a cosmetic ingredient. Lyophilized sedum powder was extracted with ethanol and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for the following experiments. Total polyphenol compounds of the ethanol extract of sedum (SE) was $27.98{\pm}0.34g/kg$(dry weight): epicatechin ($162.14{\pm}5.07mg/kg$), epigallocatechin ($55.99{\pm}2.49mg/kg$), and kaempferol ($47.96{\pm}3.02mg/kg$) were contained in the SE. The SE had organic radical scavenging capacity ($78.43{\pm}1.08%$) and metal reducing power (FRAP value $2.54{\pm}0.12$). FTC and TBARS assays confirmed that the SE inhibited the early stage of lipid peroxidation ($62.03{\pm}0.38%$) as well as the final stage of lipid peroxidation ($55.36{\pm}2.05%$), respectively. The SE (5 mg/mL, dry weight) was proved to have antibacterial effect on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. The inhibitory percentages of the SE on elastase and collagenase activities were $38.94{\pm}7.09%$ and $78.94{\pm}2.49%$, respectively. Compare to the control group, the SE treated group induced an increase of Col3A1 expression and collagen production ($58.11{\pm}1.07%$). The oil in water emulsion (0.5% SE adding group) showed pH 6.88 and 1.47 g/mL of density. The hardness changes of the SE adding emulsions were not detected during the stored periods at various temperatures ($-20-45^{\circ}C$) for four weeks. It is considered that the SE has antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiaging activities.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1129-1137
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• 2017

The fringe tree, Chionanthus retusus (Oleaceae) has been used as a natural remedy that helps a paralytic stroke, dementia, phlegm and malaria. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of water extracts obtained from the flesh of C. retusus by reflux extraction at room temperature and $80^{\circ}C$, and pressure heating extraction at $110^{\circ}C$, for an increment of their practical use. The highest extraction yield from the flesh of C. retusus was 67.94% extract by pressure heating extraction at $110^{\circ}C$. The content of total polyphenol compounds was the highest by 72.71 mg/g in $80^{\circ}C$ extract by reflux extraction. The highest content of total flavonoid compounds was 7.60 mg/g at $110^{\circ}C$ extract. The results of soluble protein and reducing sugar contents showed the highest content of 4.93 mg/g and 46.77 mg/g in $110^{\circ}C$ extract, respectively. In the analysis of DPPH radical scavenging activity, all extracts showed an excellent effect of 92% in 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The highest effect of ABTS radical scavenging activity was 88.67% at $110^{\circ}C$ extraction in 1.0 mg/mL concentration. Nitrite scavenging ability was the highest as 66.16% at $110^{\circ}C$ extract at pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The results of SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities showed the highest effect of 14.95% and 59.45% at $110^{\circ}C$ extract in 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition activity for whitening effect was the highest of 35.31% at $85^{\circ}C$ in 1.0 mg/mL. In the analysis of anti-aging effect, collagenase and elastase inhibition activity showed the highest effects of 37.78% at $110^{\circ}C$ and 20.39% at $80^{\circ}C$, respectively. All results of antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects increased along with the concentration increases. These results indicated that the extracts extracted from the flesh of C. retusus at $80^{\circ}C$ and $110^{\circ}C$ have a large amount of useful ingredients, an excellent antioxidant activity, like as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and anti-aging effects to develop functional products than those of $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2016

This study examined the beauty food activities of water and ethanol extracts from Tetragonia tetragonioides. Content of phenolic compounds extracted with water and 50% ethanol extracts were 3.29 mg/g and 4.14 mg/g, respectively. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities of water and ethanol extracts were 98.45% and 91.20%, respectively, at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical decolorization activity was 97.28% for water extracts and 97.83% for ethanol extracts at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 1.77 PF for water and ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of water and ethanol extracts were 94.77% and 95.64%, respectively, at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity, which is related to skin-whitening, was confirmed to be 34.96% for ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Elastase inhibitory activity and anti-wrinkle effect of 50% ethanol extracts were 78.9% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Collagenase inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts was 61.29% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Astringent effect was not detected in water extracts but was 7.82% for 50% ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity as a measure of anti-inflammation was confirmed to be 81.04% for water extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolics. Based on these results, Tetragonia tetragonioides extracts can be used as a functional material and functional beauty food with antioxidant effects.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2019

The newly bred Picnic apple was extracted using water and ethanol for extracting solvent. Each water and ethanol extract showed relatively high phenolic compound of 3.69 and 5.55 mg/g. Each water and ethanol extract of Picnic apple showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl of 88.10 and 88.07%, 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) of 98.79 and 97.25%, antioxidant protection factor of 2.07 and 2.00 PF and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances showed anti-oxidation effect of 9.69 and 19.83% all at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration. Therefore extract of Picnic apple can be considered as anti-oxidant for anti-aging. The anti-inflammatory effect (hyaluronidase inhibition) of extract of Picnic apple were 4.62% with water extract and 4.39% with ethanol extract both at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration. Both water and ethanol extract showed low ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition effect but each showed 67.37 and 79.16% of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition effect at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration. In anti-wrinkle effect, water extract showed each 23.70 and 66.29% in elastase inhibition and collagenase inhibition and ethanol extract showed 64.83 and 65.70% each. These result show high potential for functional food and cosmetic source. Picnic apple was identified to have various functions of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-wrinkle effect, and anti-diabetic effect. Therefore, Picnic apple is qualified as a source for new functional cosmetics and functional foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.622-632
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate activities as functional cosmetic materials, focusing on Rhododendron brachycarpum (RB) and Rhododendron fortunei (RF). The tyrosinase inhibitory effect, related to skin-whitening, was 32.6% and 39.3% respectively at the concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml. The elastase inhibitory effect, related to skin anti-wrinkling activity, was 30% and 36.2% at 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Collagenase inhibitory activity showed 77.7%, and 80.2% respectively at 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration, which demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity. For a cell viability test, that measured on fibroblast cells by RB and RF extracts. Furthermore, the cell viability test showed 100.9% and 98.9% with cell viability at 100 ㎍/ml concentration in CCD-986Sk. The protein expression inhibitory effect of RB and RF extracts was measured by western blot at 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations, and the β-actin was used as a positive control. As a result, western blot of RB and RF extracts was measured by the expression inhibition rate of the MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 protein, and was decreased by 67.2%, 65.5%, 13.6%, and 89.1%, 85.0%, and 62.7% at 100 ㎍/ml concentration. The mRNA expression inhibitory effect of RB and RF extracts was measured by RT-PCR at 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations, and the GAPDH was used as a positive control. According to the results of RT-PCR of RB and RF extracts, the expression inhibition rate of the MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3 mRNA was decreased by 70.1%, 9.1%, 37.9%, and 38.2%, 8.3%, 57.3% at 100 ㎍/ml concentrations. So, RB and RF extracts showed the anti-wrinkle effectiveness as a functional cosmetic material.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.406-413
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• 2023

In this study, the various physiological and anti-inflammatory activities of Sanguisorba officinalis L. roots (SR) were assessed for potential use as functional cosmetic materials. As a result of measuring electron-donating abilities to determine the antioxidant ability of SR extract, activity increased as the concentration increased, showing an excellent antioxidant capacity of 93.8% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Further, the antioxidant power of SR extract, which was determined using an ABTS⁺ assay measurement, was more than 99% at concentrations of 50 ㎍/ml or more, while the tyrosinase inhibition rate was 37.7% at the highest concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml. Consequently, the elastase and collagenase inhibition of SR extract measured 84.9% and 90.3%, respectively, at a 1,000-㎍/ml concentration. As a result of confirming the survival rate of Raw 264.7 cells, the cell survival rate was determined to be 80% or more below a 100 ㎍/ml concentration, and subsequent cell-related experiments were conducted at concentrations below 100 ㎍/ml. Furthermore, after applying a NO assay to identify anti-inflammatory activity, it was confirmed that SR extract had an inhibitory rate of 50.8% at a concentration of 500 ㎍/ml, and it was excellent at suppressing the inflammatory expression. As a result of verifying protein expression by treating SR extract in Raw 264.7 cells, it was confirmed that expression was inhibited concentrated in all factors. Therefore, it is judged that SR can be used as a functional cosmetic material with antioxidant, whitening, and wrinkle-improving physiological effects and anti-inflammatory activities.