• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2018

This study was conducted twice to investigate egg purchase behavior and perception on animal welfare of Korean consumers. This study included women, who were the main decision makers and caretakers in the household, and men with one-person household. This survey was conducted with by the Computer Assisted Web Interview and Gang Survey methods. On the key considerations factor, the highest response rate was considered to be 'price', and the response rate of considering 'packing date' increased in the second survey. At a reasonable price based on 10 eggs, the response rate was the highest at 53.8% and 42.9% in both the first and second surveys and the appropriate price averages were 2,482 won and 2,132 won, respectively. The highest rate of purchase of egg consumers from 'Large Mart' followed by 'Medium sized supermarket' and 'Chain supermarket'. As for the awareness about animal welfare, the recognition ratio (73.5%) was higher in the result of the second survey than the first. The cognitive period of animal welfare was 59.0% before the insecticide egg crisis and 41.0% thereafter. Regarding whether or not they have ever seen an animal welfare certification mark and an animal welfare animal farm certification mark, 59.6% of respondents said that they saw it for the first time and 37.6% answered that they knew the animal welfare certification mark. On the animal welfare system, the 'free-range' response rate was the highest at 85.8%. The 'free-range' fit response decreased by 34.2%p, while the 'barn' and 'European type' fit response increased by 13.2%p and 24.1%p, respectively. The number of 'I have never seen' and 'I have ever eaten' responses to the recognition and eating experience of animal welfare certified eggs decreased while the number of those who answered 'Have ever seen' and 'Have eaten' increased. The answer of purchasing animal welfare certified eggs at department stores, organic farming cooperatives, and internet shopping malls was higher than that of buying conventional eggs. Of the total respondents, 92.0% were willing to purchase an animal welfare egg before the price was offered, but after offering the prices of animal welfare eggs, the intention to purchase was 62.7%, which was about 30%p lower than before. The reason for purchasing an animal welfare certified egg was the highest score of 71.0% for 'I think it is likely to be high in food safety', and 38.1% for 'I think the price is high' for lack of intention to purchase. In the sensory evaluation of animal welfare eggs, egg color and skin texture of conventional eggs were significantly higher than those of certified welfare eggs (P<0.05), and boiled eggs showed that egg whites of animal welfare certified eggs were more (P<0.05). As a result, the results of this study will contribute to the activation of the animal welfare certification system for laying hens by providing basic data on consumer awareness to animal welfare certified farmers.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.497-502
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• 1996

Artificial fertilization of ice fish, Mypomesus transpaciticus nipponensis caught at Milyang-river and Osib-chun brook was performed in March 24, 1990, and the hatched larvae were reared for 25 days to describe the development of eggs and larvae. Fertilized eggs were spherical in shape, measuring $0.85\~1.05\;mm$ in diameter (mean: 0.97 mm) and translucent adhesive with many small-sized oil globules on the surface. Hatching in the indoor tank started from the 170 hours after fertilization under $16.5^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Newly-hatched larvae were measured $3.85\~4.25\;mm$ in total length (mean: 4.05 mm), and mouth and anus were not yet open. They had one yolk sac on the anterior part of abdomen, straight-type's notochord, and $52\~54$ myotomes. The larva of 5 days old transformed to postlarval stage and measured $5.20\~5.65\;mm$ (mean: 5.37 mm) in total length. As the yolk sac was completely absorbed, mouth and anus were open, and they fed rotifers vigorously. In 20 days after hatching, the larvae grew to 8.38 mm in TL, and the caudal notochord flex at $45^{\circ}$. In 25 days after hatching, total length reached 9.63 mm. The pan of the fin-fold of the future dorsal and anal fins became high.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.6-10
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• 1998

This study was attempted to carry out the effects of heavy metals when sea urchins (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Anthocidaris crassispina, Scahhechinus brevis) formed early embryos. Results of the experiment for the effects of heavy metals on the development of sea urchins, in most sea urchins, the ranking of heavy metals according to decreasing effects upon fertilization and development of urchin eggs was follows: Hg, Cu, Zn, CA, Ni, Cr, Pb, As,and Fe. In addition, in most heavy metals, the ranking of experimental animals according to decreasing effects upon fertilization and development of urchin eggs in the same concentration of heaw metals was follows: H. pulcherrimus, A. crassispina, and S. brevis.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1991

PBS soluble- and insoluble-extracts form silkworm eggs were analysed by native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE. During the embroyonic development, soluble proteins which are mainly composed of ESP, vitellin and 30K proteins showed similar degradation pattern in both electrophoretic analyses. Several peptides which seemed to be intermediated forms of yolk proteins were detected in latter part of embryogenesis, while a protein band newly appeared in one day elapsed after acid treatment. When insoluble extracts from silkworm eggs were analysed with SDS-PAGE, several peptides were detected at the later stages of the embryonic development, and newly hatched larvae. These peptides are considered to be structure proteins for embryonic morphogenesis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 2004

Trichoderma harzianum-THN1 parasitising the egg masses of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was isolated from galled mulberry roots and evaluated for its potential to control root knot disease. In pot experiments root galling was reduced and leaf yield increased significantly following soil treatment with T. harzianum-THN1. The extracts obtained from the soils inoculated with T. harzianum-THN1 drastically inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs and the effect was irreversible even after the eggs were transferred to fresh water. The fungus was equally effective in controlling the disease in nematode infested mulberry garden under field conditions which was significant over the most commonly used egg parasitic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus. The disease reduction recorded with T. harzianum was on par with the plants treated with the nematicide Carbofuran. The results suggest that T. harzianum- THN1 could be used as a potent ecofriendly biocontrol agent against M. incognita in mulberry without any residual toxicity to silkworms. T. harzianum- THN1 can form an important component of integrated disease management package in mulberry cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

In order to survey the prevalence of parasites in soil from playground in a housing development testate, 368 samples were taken from playground 184 unit. The survey was carried out during 2 months from september in 1999 to October in 1999. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Eggs of toxocara canis were detected in 25 samples(6.8%) from 368 cases of playground. 2. The 3 kinds of eggs were isolated from the soil of playground. Those were strongyloides spp 13.9%, toxocara canis 6.8% and toxascaris leonina 2.4%. 3. It was mixed infestation such as single (80.0%) and double (20.0%).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2008

The diapause and non diapause associated proteins of multivoltine silkworm eggs were analysed by two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. The study was made at 0 hr, 24 hrs and 48 hrs after oviposition. A total of four protein spots in diapause eggs at 24 hrs of oviposition and two protein spots in non diapause eggs at 0 hrs of oviposition were observed. All the six protein spots were considered to have association with diapause and non diapause characters. The molecular weight (MW) and isoelectric point (PI) of these 6 protein spots were calculated. The protein spots 1 and 2 observed in 0 hr of non diapause eggs were found to have the MW of 67 and 75 KDa and PI of 8.6 and 8.4 respectively. Similarly the four protein spots observed in diapause egg at 24 hrs of oviposition exhibited MW viz., 15, 17,20 and 25 KDa and PI of 5.3, 5.8, 6.5 and 6.0 respectively. All these 6 identified protein spots were subjected to in-gel digestion and resulted tryptic peptides were analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS). Databases searched based on experimentally determined molecular weights of peptides for the determination of the identities of proteins. The identified proteins indicated homology of 34% to 95%. The results indicate that the proteins may playa role in development of diapause and non diapause eggs.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2008

A total of one hundred and ninety five nutritionists selected based on population scale in high schools in Gyunggi Province were questioned about utilization of eggs in school meals. Almost half of those nutritionists have utilized eggs in school meals $3{\sim}5$ times per month. Most frequent cooking methods of eggs were boiled eggs. Eggs obtained from food distributors and egg distributors were 80.8% and 13.2%, respectively. Also, the nutritionists in middle population area prefer to purchase graded eggs. The most frequently occurring problems in cooking eggs were egg shell braking and related food safety. The present study revealed that egg is good for school meals, but various menus for easy cooking are yet to be developed.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to examine the egg development in red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara and the morphological development of its larvae and juveniles, and to obtain data for taxonomic research. This study was conducted in June 2013, and 50 male and female fish were used for the study. One hundred ${\mu}g/kg$ of LHRHa was injected into the body of the fish for inducing spawning, and the fish were kept in a small-sized fish holder ($2{\times}2{\times}2m$). Eggs were colorless transparent free pelagic eggs, 0.71-0.77 mm large (mean $0.74{\pm}0.02mm$, n=30), and had an oil globule. Hatching started within 27 h after fertilization. Pre-larvae that emerged just after hatching were 2.02-2.17 mm in total length (mean $2.10{\pm}0.11mm$), their mouth and anus were not opened yet, and the whole body was covered with a membrane fin. Post-larvae that emerged 15 days post hatching were 3.88-4.07 mm in total length (mean $3.98{\pm}0.13mm$), and had a ventral fin with two rays and a caudal fin with eight rays. Juveniles that were formed at 55 d post hatching, were 31.9-35.2 mm in total length (mean $33.6{\pm}2.33mm$), with red color deposited over the entire body, and black chromophores deposited in a spotted pattern. The number of fin rays, body color, and shape were the same as that in the adult fish.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1389-1396
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• 2007

Twelve swamp buffaloes and Brahman cattle heifers (6 animals each) were randomly assigned to two treatments, control (grazing only) and supplementation of cassava hay (CH) at 1-kg dry matter per head per day (DM/hd/d), in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement according to a cross-over design. The cassava hay contained a high level of protein (19.5% of DM) and a strategic amount of condensed tannins (4.0% of DM). As a result it was revealed that supplementation of CH at 1-kg DM/hd/d significantly (p<0.05) improved the nutrition of both swamp buffaloes and Brahman cattle in terms of DM, organic matter (OM), protein and energy intake and digestibility, ruminal NH3-N and rumen ecology. Supplementation significantly (p<0.05) reduced weight losses in both species and improved the health, in terms of reduced number of parasite eggs in feces (p<0.05), of both buffaloes and cattle. There tended to be a difference in term of response to CH between the two species. The DM, OM, protein intake and digestibility and total digestible energy intake tended to be higher for buffaloes as compared to cattle. Moreover, the percentage reduction of parasite eggs tended to be higher for buffaloes as compared to cattle (57.6 and 45.0%, respectively). However, there were no significant interactions between species and treatments.