• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine infectivity (penetration and gall and egg-mass formations) of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla, on carrots grown in soil conditions of 5 different soil textures consisting of bed-soil (b) and sand (s) mixtures (b-s mixtures) at the ratios of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10. For M. incognita, the nematode penetration rates in b-s of 0:10 (100% sand) were significantly higher than in the other b-s mixtures, more greatly at 2 and 5 days after inoculation than at 10 DAI, while no significant differences in the penetration rates were mostly shown for M. hapla at the above DAI. However, for both nematodes, gall and egg-mass formations were remarkably increased in the b-s mixture of 0:10, compared to the other b-s mixtures, which is coincided with the general aspects of severe nematode infestations in sandy soils. This suggests the increased gall and egg-mass formations of M. incognita should be derived from the increased penetration rates in the sandy soil conditions, which provide a sufficient aeration due to coarse soil nature for the nematodes, leading to their mobility increased for the enhanced root penetration. For M. hapla, it is suggested that the sandy soil conditions affect positively on the healthy plant growth with little accumulation of the inhibitory materials and sufficient aeration, enhancing the nematode growth and feeding activities. All of these aspects provide information reliable for the development screening techniques efficient for the evaluation of the nematode resistance in the breeding programs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify dietary patterns among Korean elementary school girls based on the change in body mass index (BMI), body fat, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) during 22 months and to explore the characteristics of dietary patterns identified. Girls aged 9-11 years were recruited and 3-day dietary data were collected four times. Subjects with a diet record of 8 or more days and anthropometric data measured at baseline and 22 months later were included (n = 198). Reduced rank regression was utilized to derive dietary patterns using a change in BMI, body fat, and calcaneus BMD and BMC as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: the "Egg and Rice" dietary pattern and "Fruit, Nuts, Milk Beverage, Egg, Grain" (FNMBEG) dietary pattern. Subjects who had high score on the FNMBEG pattern consumed various food groups, including fruits, nuts and seeds, and dairy products, whereas subjects in the "Egg and Rice' dietary pattern group did not. Both dietary patterns showed a positive association with change in BMI and body fat. However, subjects who had a higher score on the "Egg and Rice" dietary pattern had less of a BMC increase, whereas subjects who had a higher score on the FMBEG dietary pattern had more increased BMC over 22 months after adjusting for age, body and bone mass, and Tanner stage at baseline. Our results provide evidence that a well-balanced diet contributes to lean body mass growth among young girls.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2016

The black soldier fly is economically important because its prepupae are used as feed for many animals, including fish and swine. In Korea, black-soldier-fly farms have attempted to increase annual breeding and mass egg production for use in animal feed, as well as the decomposition of organic waste. Such efforts require an understanding of optimal mating and oviposition techniques. Specifically, adult densities and cage size may both improve the efficiency of mass egg production. Our study used four sizes of nylon cages ($1.0{\times}1.0{\times}2.5m$, $1.5{\times}1.5{\times}2.5m$, $2.0{\times}2.0{\times}2.5m$, $2.5{\times}2.5{\times}2.5m$) and three density treatments (4 kg, 8 kg, and 10 kg of pupae) to investigate optimal habitat size and adult density. We found that cage size (independent of density) did not significantly influence female fecundity (number of egg clutches and egg weight), whereas higher densities increased egg number and weight regardless of cage size. Thus, we recommend manipulating adult density to enhance productivity in commercial black-soldier-fly farming. However, we also propose further detailed research to develop methods that account for seasonal changes and environmental conditions, as climatic variables (temperature, sunlight) likely influence female fecundity as well.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2002

타우린이 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 두 번의 시험을 수행하였다. 시험 1에서는 19주령의 산란계를 사료에 타우린을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 0.4%, 0.8% 그리고 1.2%를 첨가한 4가지 시험구에 균일하게 분포시켜 10주 동안 사양실험을 실시하였다. 0.8 % 타우린 첨가시 난중은 대조구에 비하여 평균 1.2g이 낮았다(P<0.Of). 산란율은 타우린의 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 약 8%∼24%정도 낮게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 일당산란량은 타우린 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 약 3%∼l4% 정도 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량은 타우린 첨가에 의하여 대조구보다 약 11%∼15% 정도 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 사료요구율은 차이가 없었다. 난질 그리고 난황의 중성지방과 콜레스테롤 농도는 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 시험 2에서는 81주령 산란계를 사료에 타우린을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 1% 그리고 2% 첨가한 3가지 시험구에 균일하게 분포시켜 6주 동안 사양시험을 실시하였다. 난중, 산란율, 일당산란량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구량, 난질 및 난황의 콜레스테롤 함량은 처리구간 차이가 없었으나, 난황의 중성지방 함량은 타우린 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 약 14%∼16% 높았다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과는 산란초기에 타우린의 급여는 산란계의 생산성을 저하시킨다는 것을 암시한다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2002

In a previous study, we developed a new food additive as an egg yolk antibody (IgY) against carbohydrate digestion enzymer for the regulation of blood glucose level and weight control. The IgY delayed and decreased the increment if blood glucose level after administration of sucrose in human being by 30% in 20∼30 min. We also developed a lipase inhibitor as a water extract of two kinds of herb, Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum Melongena, Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the egg yolk IgY Plus the herbal extracts for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of egg yolk IgY and natural herbal extract improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1458-1463
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• 2016

A 42-d study with 384 Hy-line brown laying hens was conducted to assess the effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality and blood metabolites of laying hens. Hens were randomly allocated into 4 dietary groups of 8 cages each, which were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 9 (OCT9), 18 (OCT18), and 27 (OCT27) mg/kg diet of octacosanol isolated from rice bran, respectively. The experiment was conducted in an environmental controlled house and hens were fed twice daily for ad libitum intake. Laying performance was determined over the 42-d period, and egg quality as well as blood metabolites were estimated on d 21 and d 42. Diets in OCT18 and OCT27 increased (p<0.05) laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, egg albumen height, Haugh unit and eggshell strength on d 42, but decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion rate and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum as compared to those of Control. Feed intake, yolk color, yolk diameter, eggshell thickness and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Results demonstrate that supplementing 18 to 27 mg/kg diet of rice bran octacosanol can improve laying rate and egg quality and reduce blood lipid of laying hens.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2009

Objectives : To review to determine difference in the effect of age, gender, location of electrode, test meal and period of recording that influence Electrogastrography (EGG) parameters and to study its oriental medical application. Methods : We investigate the research results through internet search engines, Pub Med, Karger, Mary Ann Libert and Pro Quest. Results : Age and gender influence postprandial Dominant Frequency Instability Coefficient (DFIC). Body mass index (BMI) influence fasting and postprandial EGG parameters. Menstrual cycle phase influence fasting Dominant Frequency (DF). Test meal volume and composition influence postprandial EGG parameters. But reduced-calorie test meal have no effect on EGG parameters. Conclusions : Because the amplitude of surface-recorded SW(slow wave) is very weak, EGG is influenced by many factors. Age, gender, BMI, menstrual cycle phase, test meal volume and test meal composition influence EGG parameters. but reduced-calorie test meal have no effect on EGG parameters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.994-998
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of superdosing phytase on productive performance and egg quality in laying hens. Methods: A total of 200 42-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted into 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates consisting of 8 hens per replicate. The positive control (PC) and negative control diets (NC) were prepared based on the recommended P levels in layer diets. Supplemental phytase was added to the negative control diet at 10,000 (SD10), 20,000 (SD20), or 30,000 (SD30) fytase units (FTU)/kg. Productive performance was summarized for 6 weeks from 42 weeks to 47 weeks of age. Egg quality was assessed from 4 eggs per replicate randomly collected at the conclusion of the experiment. Results: The SD20 treatment had greater (p<0.05) hen-day egg production than PC, NC, and SD10 treatment groups. There was no difference in hen-day egg production between SD20 and SD30 treatment groups. However, SD30 treatment had greater (p<0.05) hen-day egg production than PC treatment, but showed no difference in hen-day egg production as compared to NC and SD10 treatment groups. However, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments. Egg quality including eggshell strength, eggshell color, egg yolk color, and haugh unit was not influenced by dietary treatments. Conclusion: Superdosing level of 20,000 FTU/kg phytase in diets has a positive effect on egg production rate, but no beneficial effect on egg quality in laying hens.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2023

Objective: Current quail production is configured as an economic activity in scale. Advancements in quail nutrition have been limited to areas such as breeding and, automation of facilities and ambience. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance responses, liver and oviduct morphometry, and liver histology of Japanese laying quails subjected to different levels of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (MEn). Methods: A completely random design was used that consisted of nine levels of MEn, six replicates, and five hens per cage with a total of 270 quails. The experimental period lasted for 10 weeks. The variables of performance were subjected to analysis of variance and then regression analysis using the broken-line model. The morphometric and histological variables were subjected to multivariate exploratory techniques. Results: The MEn levels influenced the responses to zootechnical performance. The broken-line model estimated the maximum responses for feed intake, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass as 3,040, 2,820, 1,802, and 2,960 kcal of MEn per kg of diet, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the occurrence of hepatic steatosis and increased levels of Kupffer cells were not related to MEn levels. Conclusion: The level of 2,960 kcal/kg of MEn meets performance variable requirements without compromising hepatic physiology.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2013

산란계 사료 내 유색보리 혹은 청보리의 10 또는 20% 첨가가 산란계의 생산성과 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 총 200 마리의 Brown nick을 5처리구에 5반복으로 배치하며 8주간 사양하였다. 시험군의 사료섭취량, 산란율, 난중과 일산란량은 대조구와 유의성 있게 달랐으며 특히 사료섭취량, 산란량과 일산란량은 보리의 함량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 계란의 품질 중 난황색, 난각강도 또는 난각색은 사양 6주차까지의 보리 시험군에서 유의하였으나 보리를 8주차까지 급이한다면 난백고와 더불어 호우유닛에 긍정적인 영향을 나타내었다. 사양 6주까지에 대한 보리의 급이는 난각색과 난황색의 수치를 첨가량에 따라 유의적으로 높인 반면 난각강도에 대한 유의성은 없었다. 산란계 사료 내 보리의 함량을 20%로 증가시켜 급이한다면 난백고와 호우유닛은 유의적으로 증가하였으며 특히, 유색보리보다는 청보리의 첨가군에서 수치적으로 높은 9.10과 94.53의 난백고와 호우유닛을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산란계의 생산성과 계란의 품질을 고려한 보리 첨가 산란계 사료를 생산하고자 한다면 생산성에서는 대조구와 유사하면서도 계란의 품질을 향상시킨 청보리 혹은 유색보리를 최대 10%까지 첨가한 산란계 사료의 생산을 고려해 볼 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.