• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2017

In this study, quality characteristics and antioxidative activities were comparatively evaluated between the macaron with egg white powder added at the ratios of 2, 4, 6 and 8% and the macaron with added liquid egg white, in order to determine the applicability of the macaron with added egg white powder. The analysis of amino acids indicated that the group with 8% of egg white powder added showed the highest total amino acid content of 7,584.20 mg/100 g. The group with 4% of egg white powder added showed the highest sweetness (p<0.01); whereas, and the group with 2% of egg white powder added showed the highest pH (p<0.001). In terms of the chromaticity, L (p<0.01) and a values (p<0.05) were increased with the increasing percentage of added egg white powder. With the increasing percentage of added egg white powder, textures such as hardness (p<0.01), chewiness (p<0.05), gumminess (p<0.001), and cohesiveness (p<0.001) decreased; whereas, adhesiveness (p<0.001) and springiness (p<0.01) increased. The results of the sensory evaluation indicated the highest preference for the macaron containing 6% white egg powder, in all items. DPPH free radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, and reducing power were increased with increasing amounts of added egg white powder (p<0.001). Collectively, the results indicated that the production of macaron with the addition of 6% of egg white powder is the most suitable mixing ratio for enhancing the preference and quality level.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.280-294
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• 2017

Premix frying powders were prepared by supplementation with 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12% egg white powder. The following quality characteristics of the fried batter were assessed: proximate composition and amino acid content of premix frying powder; viscosity and pick-up ratio of frying batter; moisture content, lipid content, color, texture and DPPH radical scavenging activity; and sensory evaluation items. Addition of egg white powder in place of wheat flour resulted in lower moisture content (p<0.01) and lower carbohydrate content (p<0.001), higher crude protein content (p<0.001), higher ash protein content (p<0.001), and higher amino acid content (p<0.01) in the premix frying powder. Lower viscosity and higher pick-up ratio (p<0.001) of the frying batter were observed. The resultant fritters had the higher moisture content and higher lipid content (p<0.001). They also showed the lighter color, and had lesser redness and yellowness (p<0.001). Considering texture, the fritters were harder, had higher fracturability and higher adhesiveness (p<0.001), lower springiness (p<0.001), were less chewy (p<0.01), and had lower cohesiveness (p<0.001). Examination of DPPH radical scavenging activity showed higher antioxidant activity (p<0.001) upon addition of egg white powder. Sensory evaluation of the fried batters showed the best outcomes for the group containing 6% white egg powder, in terms of appearance (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.001), taste (p<0.01), texture (p<0.01), and overall quality (p<0.001). Based on the results of this research, we postulate that the addition of 6% egg white powder to premix frying powder will not only improve customer preference and product quality but also enhance the nutrition and functionality of the product.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.418-423
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• 2006

Egg white powders (EWPs) were produced after pH adjustment (PH 6-9) of fresh egg white, followed by spray-drying, and foaming and gelling properties of EWPs were examined. EWP produced after pH adjustment to 6.5 (EWP-6.5) resulted in significantly higher foaming ability and gel hardness than control and other pH-adjusted EWP. Significant increases in surface -SH content and surface hydrophobicity of EWP-6.5 coincided with improved foaming ability and gel hardness. Significantly higher consistency index for reconstituted EWP-6.5 indicates unfolding of egg white protein was substantially increased in EWP-6.5. Decreased a-helix content in EWP-6.5 was confirmed by circular dichroism spectral analysis. These results indicate pH adjustment prior to spray-drying leads to structural changes in egg white proteins, significantly affecting major functionalities of EWP.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

거품성능과 겔형성능이 우수한 것으로 확인된 난백분말(pH 6.34, 72.5$^{\circ}C$; pH 6.74, 66.5$^{\circ}C$; pH 7.72, 76$^{\circ}C$)과 상업용 난백분말로 각각 엔젤 푸드 케이크를 제조하여 일반적인 특성을 조사하였다. pH 6.74, 66.5$^{\circ}C$와 pH 7.72, 76$^{\circ}C$의 조건으로 제조된 난백분말로 만든 엔젤 푸드 케이크의 거품과 반죽의 비중, 케이크의 부피 및 물성 등을 측정한 결과는 난백을 사용하여 만든 대조구와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나고 있으나 상업용 난백분말로 제조한 케이크는 모든 면에서 크게 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 종합적 기호도 면에서는 처리 조건 pH 6.74, 66.5$^{\circ}C$의 난백분말로 만든 엔젤 푸드 케이크만이 대조구와 유사하게 평가되고 나머지는 다소 낮았으며, 상업용 난백분말로 만든 엔젤 푸드 케이크는 아주 낮았다. 따라서 난백의 pH를 6.74로 조정한 후 건조온도 66.5$^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 난백분말은 엔젤 푸드 케이크를 만드는데 적합한 조건으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.728-732
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 난백의 거품형성능력 및 안정성을 간편하게 평가하기 위한 표준방법을 제시하고자 시료의 양, whipping 속도 및 시간이 거품형성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 적합한 거품형성조건을 선정하였다. 선정된 조건(시료량 70g, 1,200rpm, 2분)으로 난백의 거품형성능력 및 안정성을 20회 반복 측정하여 평가한 결과 높은 재현성을 나타내었으며 시료의 변화(신선한 난백, 동결건조 난백분말, 상업용 난백분말) 및 계란의 저장기간에 따른 거품형성능력 및 안정성의 유의적 차이를 효과적으로 구별할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 1996

전통쌀가공식품인 증편의 영양성 및 기호성을 증진시킬 목적으로 콩가루, 전지분유, 탈지분유, 난황, 난백, 쑥가루 등을 첨가하여 증편을 제조하였으며 첨가 재료별 증편의 성형성 및 관능적, 물성적특성을 비교 하였다. 첨가재료를 달리한 증편의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 쑥가루를 제외한 모든구에서 단백질함량이 대조구에 비해 높았으며 콩가루, 전지분유 첨가구는 조지방의 함량이 높았다. 탈지 분유와 전지분유를 첨가한 증편의 loaf volume은 대조구에 비해 낮았으나, 난황, 난백, 쑥가루을 첨가 한 증편은 대조구와 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 쑥 가루 및 난황첨가구는 기공이 균일하지 않았다. 첨가재료별 증편의 관능검사결과 콩가루, 전지분유, 탈지분유, 난백첨가구가 대조구보다 단맛의 정도가 강하고 씹힘성 및 단단한 정도가 낮았으며, 쑥가루첨 가구는 쓴맛이 강하게 느껴지고 단단하였다. Texturometer로 증편의 물성을 측정한 결과, 쑥가루 첨가구는 경도, 탄력성 및 씹힘성이 높아 단단하고 탄력있는 특징을 보였으며, 콩가루, 전지분유, 탈지분유 및 난백첨가구는 이러한 물성이 대체로 낮아 부드럽고 질기지 않는 물성을 나타내었고 이는 관능검사 결과와 유사하였다. 콩가루 및 전지분유첨가구를 4$^{\circ}C$에서 저장했을 때 경도의 변화가 대조구보다 낮아 증편의 노화를 지연시키는 효과가 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2010

녹차가 계란의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 녹차 분말을 기존 산란계 사료(대조군)에 4%(A), 8%(B) 첨가하여 10주간 식이하게 한 후 생산된 계란의 이화학적 특성을 분석하여 나타낸 결과는 다음과 같다. Ca, K, P, Fe, Mg 등의 주요 무기질 함량은 계란의 부위(흰자, 노른자)에 관계없이 녹차 함량에 비려하여 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 무기질의 절대 양은 Mg 함량을 제외하면 흰자에서 보다는 노른자에 많았다. 무기질 원소의 증가 비가 가장 큰 원소는 흰자에서는 Ca이온으로 41.0 mg%에서 119.8 mg%로 2.9배 증가하였고, 노른자에서는 Fe이온으로 3.7 mg%에서 12.6 mg%로 3.4배 증가하였다. 계란의 평균 중량은 녹차 식이 양에 비례하여 감소(68.8 g에서 64.4 g)하는 경향이었고, 난황의 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 1899.1 mg%∼2011.3 mg% 으로서 녹차 식이와는 유의 차이가 없었다. 흰자는 녹차 식이와 관계없이 떫은맛을 내고 옅은 회색을 나타내나, 노른자는 녹차 식이를 증가시킴에 따라서 약간 검붉은 색으로, 그리고 비린내가 적은 경향이었다. 계란의 수소이온농도 값은 녹차 식이 양의 증가와 더불어 감소하는 경향이었는데 B 처리군의 흰자, 노른자 및 전체의 값은 각각 8.45, 5.96 및 7.66이었다. 계란 노른자의 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid 으로서 전체 지방산의 90% 이상을 차지하였고, 녹차 식이 양을 증가시킴에 따라서 포화지방산은 32.0%에서 27.4% 으로 감소하고, 불포화지방산은 68.0%에서 72.6% 으로 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1179-1188
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of using natural calcium mixtures and various binding ingredients as replacers for synthetic phosphate in ground pork products. We performed seven treatments: control (0.3% phosphate blend), treatment 1 (0.5% natural calcium mixtures [NCM, which comprised 0.2% oyster shell calcium and 0.3% egg shell calcium powder] and 0.25% egg white powder), treatment 2 (0.5% NCM and 0.25% whey protein concentrate), treatment 3 (0.5% NCM and 0.25% concentrated soybean protein), treatment 4 (0.5% NCM and 0.25% isolated soybean protein), treatment 5 (0.5% NCM and 0.25% carrageenan), and treatment 6 (0.5% NCM and 0.25% collagen powder). All the treatment mixtures had higher pH and lower cooking loss than the control, which was treated with phosphate. We found that NCM and binding ingredients had no negative effects on the moisture content, lightness, and yellowness of the cooked ground pork products. Treatments 3 and 4 showed significantly lower CIE $a^*$ values than the control. Treatments 2 and 6 improved the textural properties of the products. In conclusion, the combination of NCM with whey protein concentrate or collagen powder could be suitable for producing phosphate-free meat products.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.306-312
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• 1986

Demonstration of the highly positive correlation between blood cholestrol levels and heart disease has made consumers wary of the fats in meat, milk and eggs. The egg, as perhaps the single largest common source of cholesterol, has been cited by many members of the medical and scientific world as a food contributing to heart disease. In light of decreasing per capita egg consumption and continuing dietary egg cholesterol controversy, many researchers have focused their efforts on egg nutrition. The results reported, however, are often contradictory. In spite of the disputable scientific evidence, the egg has been labelled (erroneously) as a highly cholesterogenic food. The objective of this presentation is to present a general picture of the problem and discuss our laboratory findings relevant to the problem. An isotope technique was utilized to incorporate $^{14}C$-cholesterol into egg yolk lipoproteins and study the metabolic fate of dietary ovo-cholesterol in rats. Two hundred and fifty micro-curies of 4-$^{14}C$-cholesterol, emulsified in corn oil, were orally administered to five Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens. Eggs were collected, hard-boiled, and the hot dried egg yolk powder (HEY) was prepared. Total radioactivity excreted via feces was determined. The rat groups fed egg yolk powder excreted more than 95% of the ingested ovo-cholesterol, whereas the rat chow group excreted only 47%. No difference was observed between HEY and CEY treatments. Therefore, an unknown lipid factor present in egg folk accelerates cholesterol turnover rate and excretion via feces.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2010

The Hen's egg is widely used in many processed foods as an ingredient and is one of the most prevalent food allergens in children. To detect egg proteins in processed foods, we developed a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) using an anti-ovomucoid (OM) antibody, which was produced by immunization of rabbits with OM, the most heat-stable component of the egg proteins. The detection limit of this quantitative assay system was 30 ng/mL. Cross-reactivity of the anti-OM antibody toward OM, ovalbumin, skim milk, casein, whey protein isolate, and isolated soy protein was 100, 0.4, 0.2, 0.04, 0, and 0%, respectively. In the spike test of egg white powder in milk replacer, commercial sausage, and in-house sausage, the assay recoveries ($mean{\pm}SD$) were $129{\pm}13.7%$, $73.9{\pm}12.5%$, and $65.5{\pm}13.6%$, respectively. When egg white in a commercial crab meat analog and sausage was determined by ciELISA, the assay recovery was found to be 108% and 127%, respectively. The combined results of this study indicate that this novel ciELISA for OM detection could be applied for the quantification of hen's egg proteins in processed foods.