• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.205-218
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• 2008

본 연구는 산란계에 대한 유기사료 첨가제로서 소나무 껍질 추출물, 피타민의 첨가효과를 조사하기 위하여 산란계(Hyline brown) 150마리를 이용하여 산란성적과 계란품질 평가를 실시하였다. 대조구, 피타민 0.1%, 피타민 0.2%로 구분된 3개의 처리구를 완전 임의배치하여 6주 동안 사육하였다. 산란성적은 피타민 0.1% 첨가구와 대조구가 서로 비슷하였으나 피타민 0.2% 첨가구는 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 호우유니트는 피타민 0.1% 및 0.2% 첨가구가 대조구에 비해서 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 난각두께 및 파란강도는 피타민 0.1% 첨가구와 대조구 사이에 있어서 유의차가 없었다. 계란의 콜레스테롤은 피타민 0.1% 첨가구가 가장 낮았으며 통계적 유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 계란의 포화지방산 조성은 피타민 0.2% 첨가구가 가장 낮았고 불포화지방산은 피타민 0.2% 첨가구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 저장 일수에 따른 계란의 호우유니트, 난황지수 및 난백지수는 피타민 0.1% 및 피타민 0.2% 첨가구가 대조구에 비해서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 소나무 껍질추출물, 피타민을 산란계 사료 내 유기사료 첨가제로서 0.1% 수준으로 첨가해주면 산란능력 및 계란의 품질을 일정하게 유지하면서 계란 저장성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2015

Heat-stress remains a costly issue for animal production, especially for poultry as they lack sweat glands, and alleviating heat-stress is necessary for ensuring animal production in hot environment. A high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producer Lactobacillus strain was used to investigate the effect of dietary GABA-producer on laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed Hy-line brown hens. Hy-Line brown hens (n = 1,164) at 280 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the amount of freeze-dried GABA-producer added to the basal diet as follows: i) 0 mg/kg, ii) 25 mg/kg, iii) 50 mg/kg, and iv) 100 mg/kg. All hens were subjected to heat-stress treatment through maintaining the temperature and the relative humidity at $28.83{\pm}3.85^{\circ}C$ and 37% to 53.9%, respectively. During the experiment, laying rate, egg weight and feed intake of hens were recorded daily. At the 30th and 60th day after the start of the experiment, biochemical parameters, enzyme activity and immune activity in serum were measured. Egg production, average egg weight, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and percentage of speckled egg, soft shell egg and misshaped egg were significantly improved (p<0.05) by the increasing supplementation of the dietary GABA-producer. Shape index, eggshell thickness, strength and weight were increased linearly with increasing GABA-producer supplementation. The level of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein and albumin in serum of the hens fed GABA-producing strain supplemented diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the hens fed the basal diet, whereas cholesterol level was decreased. Compared with the basal diet, GABA-producer strain supplementation increased serum level of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.009) and superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, GABA-producer played an important role in alleviating heat-stress, the isolated GABA-producer strain might be a potential natural and safe probiotic to use to improve laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed hens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2005

본 시험은 시중에 유통되고 있는 일반 건조 잔반을 AO 배양물로서 산란계에 급여하여, 산란계의 생산성과 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험축은 평균 체중이 $1.5\pm0.5kg$인 50주령 산란계(ISA-Brown)를 공시하였고, 기초사료로 산란계 중기 사료를 급여하였으며, 시험사료는 대조구(Control), 잔반사료(FW)와 AO 배양물사료(AFW)를 각각 $25\%,\;50\%,\;75\%$씩 기초사료를 대체하여 총 7처리구, 3반복, 반복당 8수씩 168수를 공시하였다. 시험기간 중 사료섭취량에서 전처리구간 차이는 없었으나, FW구의 $50\%$ 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소했고, 산란률에 있어서는 대조구 $89.8\%$에 비해 AFW $25\%$ 처리구에서는 차이가 없었으나, 전 처리구에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 음수량은 잔반 사료의 대체 수준에 따라 증가하였다(p<0.05). 난중, 난각 두께 및 난각 강도는 전 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 호우유니트와 난황색에서는 남은 음식물 사료의 첨가에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05) $50\%$ 이상의 첨가에서는 차이가 없었다. 남은 음식물사료의 첨가에 따른 난황내 콜레스테롤 함량에는 전 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과로부터, 잔반 사료는 산란율을 떨어뜨리지만, 난질 개선에 효과가 있고, 산란계 사료의 첨가제로서 AO 접종 잔반 사료의 사용이 가능할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.740-751
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• 1994

Sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes is recently used as a biomarker for increased cytogenetic damage in smokers. The purpose of the investigation was to determine if there were any relationships between dietary factors and their DNA damage as measured by SCE test in a group of 62 male cigarette smokers and 36 non-smokers. As expected, smokers as compared with non-smokers had high SCE levels (10.59$\pm$0.21 versus 9.23$\pm$0.17 SCE/lymphocytes ; p<0.05). No significant relationships were observed between SCEs and age in smokers and non-smokers. In smokers, SCEs were negatively correlated with egg frequency score(r=-0.336) and total food frequency scores(r=-0.283). In non-smokers, SCEs were positively correlated with white vegetable frequency score(r=0.333) and instant food frequency score(r=0.382). There was a positive association between SCEs and the history of coffee intake of smokers(r=0.318). SCE frequency was not influenced by any other dietary factors considered ; dietary diversity and quality scores, alcohol consumption, use of processed foods and intake of burned food. No significant relationships were found between SCEs and serum cholesterol or other hematological parameters of the subjects. These results indicate that increased egg frequency score, total food frequency score which reflects dietary quality, and decreased coffee intake may reduce cancer risk by preventing smoking-induced DNA damage as reflected by sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1304-1307
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• 2001

The laying performance of Japanese quails fed graded levels of high glucosinolate ($92.5{\mu}mole/g$) rapeseed meal (RSM) was assessed. One hundred and twenty Japanese quails aged 1 day-old were assigned at random to four dietary treatments consisting of 0, 50, 75 or 100 g/kg RSM in the diet replacing part of the soybean meal and de-oiled rice bran in a standard quail ration. 12 female representative quails from each diet were selected at random and housed in individual cages from 7-20 wk of age. The egg production, feed intake and FCR was comparable among the different dietary groups. The egg quality characteristics, organoleptic evaluation of boiled eggs as well as the haematological (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count) and biochemical (glucose, protein, cholesterol, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase) constituents did not differ significantly among the groups. The gross and histopathological studies of vital organs did not reveal any appreciable changes. The feed cost was reduced by the incorporation of RSM in the diet, but only the production cost of quails fed the 75 g/kg RSM was lower in comparison to other groups. In the present study, the laying potential of Japanese quail was well-maintained up to the 100g/kg dietary level of rapeseed meal.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1358-1364
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• 2010

본 연구는 감귤부산물을 급여한 계란의 품질 및 지방산조성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 계란은 감귤부산물을 급여하지 않은 것(T0)과 급여한 것(T1)으로 하였다. 난백과 난황의 일반성분, 콜레스테롤, 무기질, 색소 및 총아미노산은 T0 및 T1 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 난황의 열량은 T1이 T0보다 높았으며, 난백 및 난황의 유리아미노산 총량은 T1이 T0보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 난황의 포화지방산:불포화지방산의 비율은 T0 및 T1 사이에 차이가 없었으나 linolenic acid는 T1이 T0보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서 감귤부산물은 산란계의 사료에 첨가하여 급여할 수 있으며, 감귤부산물의 처리방법이 될 수 있다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1744-1751
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• 2022

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) administration on egg production, reproductive hormones, serum lipids and adipokines of hens at the late cycle of reproduction. Methods: Four treatments included control (basal diet) and XOS addition at 2.0 (XOS-2), 4.0 (XOS-4), or 6.0 (XOS-6) g/kg of diet using 288 commercial Hy-Line brown hens from 73 to 84 wk of age. Egg production, body fat deposition, reproductive tract and hormones, lipid metabolism and adipokines were determined. Results: At 84 wk, compared to the control, XOS supplementation at the three doses increased (p<0.001) egg-laying rates by 13.2% averagely, which led to a higher egg mass by 131 g/hen throughout the whole trial period. Abdominal fat and skinfold of XOS treatments were decreased (p<0.001) by 26.1% and 18.6%, respectively; large follicles and ovary weight were increased (p<0.001) by 0.73 follicle/hen and 18.6%, respectively. For serum parameters, cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased (p<0.001) by 17.5% and 29.2%, respectively; luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone were increased (p≤0.001) by 16%, 31%, 29%, respectively; adiponectin and visfatin were increased (p<0.001) by 34% and 44%, respectively; but chemerin and leptin were decreased (p≤0.001) by 22% and 14%, respectively. With the increased XOS doses, linear decreases (p<0.05) were found on abdominal skinfold and serum triglyceride. Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that XOS can be used as an additive to improve fecundity by beneficially modulating fat deposition, lipid metabolism, reproductive hormones, and adipokines of hens at the late cycle of reproduction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.630-639
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• 2010

Immune response and yolk cholesterol are crucial factors for commercial chicken producers. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of selenium-enriched Japanese radish sprouts (Se-enriched JRS) and R. capsulatus synergistically on immune response and cholesterol in laying hens. A total of 50 laying hens (20-wk old) were assigned to 5 dietary treatment groups, and fed diets supplemented with 2.5 ${\mu}g/kg$, 5 ${\mu}g/kg$, 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ Se-enriched JRS and 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus (0.02%). Egg production and yolk color were significantly improved by the supplementation of Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus in the layer diet (p<0.05). Compared to the control, serum cholesterol concentration and triglyceride levels were decreased by all the treatments (p<0.05). After 8-wk of the experiment, supplementation of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$, 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ and Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus significantly reduced yolk cholesterol and triglycerides, while the greatest reduction was observed when R. capsulatus was incorporated with Se-enriched JRS. Spleen, bursa and thymus weight were significantly increased by both the 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ and 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ Se-enriched JRS. Compared to the control, supplementation of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ and 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ Se-enriched JRS significantly increased serum IgG and yolk IgY concentration and foot web index activity by Newcastle Disease Virus (p<0.05). After 4-wk and 8-wk of supplementation, the highest number of leukocytes was observed with Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus (p<0.05). The highest concentration of serum and yolk Se was found in Se-enriched JRS plus R. capsulatus treatment. Combined dietary supplementation of Se-enriched JRS and R. capsulatus might be beneficial for better health, disease protection and overall production performance.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2008

본 연구는 산란계에 Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtillis와 Aspergillus oryzae 및 colistin의 복합 첨가제를 급여하였을 때 난 생산성과 난질 및 난각질에 미치는 영향과 장내 미생물 조성, 계분 암모니아 발생량 및 난황 내 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향을 함께 조사하였다. 50주령의 Hy-Line Brown 산란계 160수를 공시하여 일반 사료(Control) 또는 0.2% 복합균종 생균제를 함유하는 실험 사료(T1, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae + Lactobacillus plantarum; T2, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae; T3, Bacillus subtilis + Aspergillus oryzae + colistin)를 8주간 급여하였다. 사료 섭취량, 난 생산성 및 간의 중량 그리고 난각 강도, 난각 두께, 난각색은 처리구 간 유의성 있는 차이가 관찰되지 아니하였다. 그러나 Haugh unit는 처리구가 Control에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 혈중 총 콜레스테롤 농도와 HDL 콜레스테롤은 Control에 비해 모든 처리구에서 감소하는 경향이 관찰되었으나 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 맹장 내 암모니아 농도에 미치는 영향은 Control에 비해 T1 처리구와 T3 처리구에서 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 총 균수와 lactic acid bacteria는 맹장 및 분내 모두 Control과 처리구간 큰 차이가 없었고, 맹장 및 분내의 coli forms은 Control에 비해 복합 생균제 처리구가 유의하게 낮거나(P<0.05) 낮은 경향이 관찰되었다. 4 주차와 8주차의 난황 콜레스테롤 농도는 복합 생균제 처리구가 Control에 비해 유의하게 감소하거나 감소하는 경향이 나타났다(P<0.05). 난황 중성지질과 인지질의 농도는 Control과 처리구간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 실험을 통해서 생균제인 Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtillis, Aspergillus oryzae 그리고 항생제인 colistin으로 이루어진 복합제의 급여는 생산성과 혈액 성상에 부정적인 영향이 없이 난황 콜레스테롤과 분내 암모니아 농도를 감소시키고, 장내 coli forms를 저하시키는 결과가 관찰되었다. Colistin이라는 항생제는 생균제의 활성에 부정적인 영향 없이 생균제로만 이루어진 첨가제와 같은 효과를 내었으며, 장내 미생물 균총 조절에는 보다 효과적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 복합 생균제를 급여함으로 장내 균총과 산란계 사양에 유익한 효과를 기대할 수 있으며, colistin의 병용도 생균제의 이점을 저해하지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.629-641
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded flaxseed with and without herbs mixture on egg performance, yolk fatty acids (FAs), lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidants, and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 hens for nine weeks. Methods: Two hundred forty laying hens were randomly distributed to eight treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Graded levels of dietary extruded flaxseed (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg) with and without herbs mixture (24 g/kg: garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric 6 g/kg each) were designed as treatments. Results: The two-way analysis of variance indicated that hens fed herbs mixture had a higher value of egg production, yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and white blood cell and lower contents of yolk cholesterol, glucose, and blood low-density lipoprotein than those fed diets without herb mixtures (p<0.05). The Flx27 (270 g/kg flaxseed) (153.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) and Flx27+H (270 g/kg flaxseed plus 24 g/kg herbs mixture) (150.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) groups were the most promising treatments in terms of yolk n-3 FAs content. In-teraction effect (herbs- flaxseed) for blood cholesterol, HDL, malondialdehyde, glutaredoxin, alanine transaminase, (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), haemoglobin and immune parameters was significant (p<0.05). The results showed layers fed herbs mixture (Flx9+H, Flx18+H, and Flx27+H) had a better value of total antibody, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, ALT, AST, and blood HDL as compared with representative flaxseed levels without herbs. Conclusion: High inclusion levels of extruded flaxseed (270 g/kg) without herbs to enrich eggs with n-3 appears to impair the antioxidant system, immunohematological parameters, and sero-logical enzymes. Interestingly, the herbs mixture supplementation corrected those effects. Therefore, feeding layers with flaxseed-rich diets (270 g/kg) and herbs mixture can be a promising strategy to enrich eggs with n-3 FAs.