• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.915-921
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• 2001

IGF-I is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation in mammals, but its role as a modulator of growth and metabolism in poultry is poorly understood. And, no studies have so far been reported for the comparison between serum IGF-I concentration and body growth in the egg type or the dual purposes (meat and egg type) chicken including the Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC). Therefore, in order to improve the body growth and meat production of the KNOC, this study was conducted for the identification of the polymorphism of IGF-I gene and for its possible association with both body weight and IGF-I concentration. The RFLP patterns for IGF-I gene were identified by the PstI restriction enzyme. The frequencies of +/+, +/-, and -/- genotype were 16.9%, 51.7%, and 31.4%, respectively. Any statistical significance was not observed in all variations except for sex variation (p<0.01) by covariate quadratic model. The significant effect of the IGF-I genotype on body weight by sex indicates that there are different physiological characteristics in gender. Although the body weights of male KNOCs in most ages were not significant, there was a tendency of KNOCs with +/+ IGF-I genotype to be heavier than those with any other genotypes. But all IGF-I genotypes in female did not influence on body weight. The ANOYA revealed no significant effects of IGF-I genotypes on serum IGF-I concentration but sex effect was highly significant on the IGF-I concentration at 20 and 40 weeks (p<0.01). Although the +/+ genotype, in gender, tended to express a higher IGF-I concentration than the other genotypes at all ages in males, a statistical difference among the genotypes was not found except for 60 weeks (p<0.05). Furthermore, since body weight and IGF-I genotypes are associated, it is possible to improve KNOC to a meat type breed if a continuous selection can be made for the body weight and/or IGF-I traits.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary organic selenium levels on performance and selenium retention in broiler chickens and laying hens. In experiment 1, the effects of dietary organic selenium levels on the weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and selenium retention of meat and liver in broiler chickens were investigated. For each growth phase, the basal diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.60, 1.20, 1.80 and 2.40 ppm Se from selenium yeast(SY). Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion were not affected by the selenium addition in diets. Breast muscle Se levels were linearly increased (P<0.05) as dietary Se level increased by SY. Selenium concentration of liver tissue was increased (P<0.05) in supplemental SY compared to the control, and was increased (P<0.05) in supplemental 1.20, 1.80 and 2.40 ppm SY compared to the 0.60 ppm SY. In Experiment 2, 12-week-experiment using Hy-Line laying hens (68 wk of age) was conducted to examine the effects of dietary organic selenium on egg Production, egg weight, daily egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion, egg quality, and selenium concentration of eggs. A corn-soybean meal basal diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.30, 0.60, 0.90 and 1.20 ppm Se from selenium yeast (SY). Egg Production was significantly improved(P<0.05) in supplemental 0.30 and 0.90 ppm SY compared to the control and 0.60 ppm SY during week 1 to 12, but daily egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion showed no difference in supplemental SY and control. Haugh unit, yolk color and eggshell breaking strength showed no difference in supplemental SY and control. Eggshell thickess was significantly (P<0.05) higher in supplemental 0.60 and 1.20 ppm SY compared to the 0.90 ppm SY in week 9. Egg Se levels were linearly increased (P<0.05) as dietary Se level increased by SY.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1124-1150
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the leading research materials and research trends related to livestock food in Asia in recent years and propose future research agendas to ultimately contribute to the development of related livestock species. On analyzing more than 200 relevant articles, a high frequency of studies on livestock species and products with large breeding scales and vast markets was observed. Asia possesses the largest pig population and most extensive pork market, followed by that of beef, chicken, and milk; moreover, blood and egg markets have also been studied. Regarding research keywords, "meat quality" and "probiotics" were the most common, followed by "antioxidants", which have been extensively studied in the past, and "cultured meat", which has recently gained traction. The future research agenda for meat products is expected to be dominated by alternative livestock products, such as cultured and plant-derived meats; improved meat product functionality and safety; the environmental impacts of livestock farming; and animal welfare research. The future research agenda for dairy products is anticipated to include animal welfare, dairy production, probiotic-based development of high-quality functional dairy products, the development of alternative dairy products, and the advancement of lactose-free or personalized dairy products. However, determining the extent to which the various research articles' findings have been applied in real-world industry proved challenging, and research related to animal food laws and policies and consumer surveys was lacking. In addition, studies on alternatives for sustainable livestock development could not be identified. Therefore, future research may augment industrial application, and multidisciplinary research related to animal food laws and policies as well as eco-friendly livestock production should be strengthened.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

This study presents the production characteristics and physiological characteristics of five Korean native chicken (KNC) breeds consisting of Hwanggalsaek Jaeraejong (HJ), Korean Rhode Island Red (KR), Korean White Leghorn (KL), Korean Brown Cornish (KC), and Korean Ogye (KO). We investigated their production performances, vitalities, and stress responses. We measured the survival rate, body weight, age at first egg-laying, hen-day egg production, egg weight, amount of telomeric DNA, heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio), and heat shock protein (HSP)-70, HSP-90α and HSP-90β gene expression levels for 493 KNCs. The survival rate was highest in KR, and lowest in KO. Body weights were steadily high in the order of KC, KR, HJ, KO and KL. Average hen-day egg production was highest in KL, and lowest in KC. While the amount of telomeric DNA was highest in KR, and lowest in KC. Furthermore, both the H/L ratio and the HSP-90β gene expression level were highest in KC, and lowest in KR. These results indicated that the KR breed was highly resistant to stress, whereas KC was more susceptible to stress. Taken together, it is considered that with improvements the KC breed would be more suited to be used as a Korean broiler breed while KL would be more appropriately used as a Korean layer breed. In addition, it is considered that the KR breed is appropriate to be used as a maternal chicken breeder based on good production capacity and excellent robustness, while the HJ breed is desirable to be improved as a high-quality Korean meat breed based on its excellent meat quality.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.540-545
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• 1982

An energy metabolism study was conducted with two commercial strains of meat-type chickens, Hubbard and Cobb, and two egg strains, Hy Line and Korean-bred Hanhyup 325. The heat production of growing chickens from each strain were measured by the use of an open-circuit gravimetric respiration calorimeter. The data obtained from this study were summarized as fallows. 1. The average body weight of 9-wk-old Hubbard broilers reared in battery cages was 2,570g/bird. The average body weights of 9-wk-old Hy Line chicks and Hanhyup 325 were 777 and 748g/bird, respectively. 2. At 3 weeks of age, the Hubbard broiler chicks consumed two times the feed consumed by Hy Line chicks (54.6g VS. 26.7g/bird/day). These values increased to 151g and 57.2g/bird/day, respectively, at 8 weeks of age, indicating that the difference in feed intake between meat and egg-type chicks tends to increase as they grow older. In terms of water consumption, the 5-wk-old Hubbard broiler chicks drank $226m{\ell}/bird/day$ as compared with $58m{\ell}$ by Hy Line chicks. These values increased to 282 and $70m{\ell}$, respectively, at 8 weeks of age. 3. The excreta outputs of Hubbard broilers and Hy Line chicks were 18.7 and 6.1g DM/bird/day at 4 weeks of age, and 41.5 and 10.0g DM/bird/day at 8 weeks of age, respectively. 4. The energy metabolizability of broiler chicks were 75.4~77.1% compared to 75.0~83.5% by egg-type chicks. 5. The respiratory quotient (RQ) was between 0.78 and 0.97. There seems to be no difference in RQ between meat and egg-type chicks. The RQ tended to decrease when feed intake was low and vice versa. 6. Both meat and egg-type chicks produced $83.1{\sim}123.1Kcal/kg^{\frac{3}{4}}B.W./day$. The considerably low value of $83Kcal/kg^{\frac{3}{4}}B.W./day$ was obtained when the chicks were off the feed under the stressful conditions. The high value of 123.1Kcal was obtained when the chicken chamber temperature rose to $27{\sim}34^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1993

Soil samples and the intestinal contents of arthropods, mollusca, pisces, aves, and mammals were examined for the presence of Clostridium botulinum. Demonstration of Clostridium botulimun was accomplished by identifying its toxin in liquid cultures inoculated with soil or material from the alimentary tract of tested animals with toxin neutralization tests in addition to morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. Incidences of Clostridium botulinum in tested samples were 5.0% in soil, 6.7% in mammal and 8.7% in fish, respectively. All of the positive cultures were identified as Clostridium botulinum type E and any other type was not demonstrated throughout the survey. Canned foods and solid ham/sausage mixture formulated as can with distilled water were inoculated with Clostridium botulinum type E and checked for toxin production by using the mouse bioassay. Clostridium botulinum type E toxin was produced as a large quantity in canned foods of fish, shell, meat and ham and, however, no significant toxin was detected in sausages and fruit samples.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2018

A great progress in genetic selection, nutrition and management practices has contributed to the improved growth rate of broilers and egg production in laying hens. For the increased productivity of modern poultry, a healthy chicken liver needs to cope with the increased metabolic demands. The liver is the major site of de novo fatty acid synthesis; therefore, hepatic lipogenesis is crucial for producing better quality meat and eggs. When de novo lipogenesis exceeds the capacity of lipid metabolism and secretion, large amounts of lipids accumulate in the liver of broilers, leading to a fatty liver. Upon onset of egg-laying in hens, lipids including free fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids are dramatically increased in blood plasma for the synthesis of yolk precursors in oocytes. Productive hens with fatty liver often have hemorrhagic syndrome and sudden death due to the heavy demands of yolk synthesis, which burdens the liver. Understanding the lipid metabolism and hepatic lipid disorders is a key point in the improvement of the growth and production of chickens. This review focuses on the recent studies on lipid metabolism, the hepatic lipid disorders, and the prevention or reduction of fatty liver in poultry.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2010

The current work was carried out to investigate the effect of crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC) on performance and carcass ratio. Seven hundred twenty 1-d-old chicks were divided into groups by strain (A, B, C and D) and sex (male and female). Strains were A) (KNC egg-meat type C strains $\times$ KNC meat type S strains) $\times$ KNC meat type H strains, B) (KNC egg-meat type C strains $\times$ KNC meat type H strains) $\times$ KNC meat type S strains, C) (KNC native R strains $\times$ KNC meat type S strains) $\times$ KNC meat type H strains and D) (KNC native L strains $\times$ KNC meat type H strains $\times$ Ross broiler. Experimental diets consisted of 3 phases such as starter(0~5 weeks; CP 20.0%, ME 3,050 kcal/kg), earlier (5~8 weeks; CP 18.0%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg) and finisher (8~12 weeks; CP 16.0%, ME 3,150 kcal/kg). Body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) was measured every week and carcass ratio(CR) was calculated at 5 and 10 week after starting experiment. There was no difference in BW among strains until 5 weeks (P>0.05), however D strain resulted in a higher BW after 5 weeks (P<0.05). Body weight gain (BWG) and FI in D strain were also significant higher compared to the other strains for all periods. However, D strains showed the lowest (P<0.05) fee conversion ratio (FCR). The other strains except D showed a similar BW, BWG, FI and FCR among strains. In addition, there were no differences in carcass weight (CW) and carcass ratio (CR) among strains at 5 weeks, however D strain showed higher CW and CR at 10 weeks. These results suggested the basic data that needed to develope the new strains.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2021

Ensuring the economic security of agro-industrial complexes of Ukrainian regions has become a top-priority task of state regional policy, as their stable functioning is an essential element of economic security of the whole country. It is overcoming threats to the development of the agro-industrial complex that ensures its further effective functioning and has a significant impact on the economic security of our state. Methods: logical method; methods of system analysis; synthesis; economic and statistical method; method of expert assessment; SWOT analysis; economic and mathematical modelling and planning. Results. Characteristic features of economic security have been given. The essence and significance of the agro-industrial complex in improving the economic security of the state have been determined. It has been noted that in recent years, the agro-industrial complex, which acts as a driver of the domestic economy and has a direct impact on the development of the country, has been growing (in 2019 the cereal and legume harvest exceeded 75 million tons, 20,269 thousand tons of potatoes were dug, more than 15 million tons of sunflower, 9,688 thousand tons of vegetables and 2,119 thousand tons of fruits and berries were harvested, meat and egg production increased by 137.5 thousand tons (or 5.8%) and 545.5 million pieces (or 3.4%), respectively, the number of employed population in agriculture increased by 139.8 thousand people (or 4.9%), the labour productivity in crop production increased by UAH 294.4 thousand (or 44.6%), in livestock production - by UAH 311.3 thousand (or 61.8%)). Based on the system of production and economic indicators, the analysis of the state of the agro-industrial complex has been carried out. Taking into account the results of the obtained data and using SWOT-analysis, the major threats to the development of the agro-industrial complex have been identified. Ways of overcoming threats enhancing the economic security of Ukraine have been proposed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing feed intake on performance and meat quality in old laying hens. A total of 200 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (100 weeks old) were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments: control (100% daily feed intake), 90%, 60%, 50%, and 20% daily feed intake. Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 birds per replication and two birds per cage. Ten-bird units were arranged according to a randomized block design. The feeding trial lasted for 4 weeks under a 16L:8D lighting regimen. The results indicated that the daily feed intake correlated with hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratios (P<0.05). The carcass yields and partial ratios were also correlated with daily feed intake (P<0.05). The levels of leukocytes (without basophils) were higher in the 50% and 20% daily feed intake groups than in the other groups. The concentrations of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and fatty acids in the breast meat did not decrease as the daily feed intake decreased. In conclusion, reducing daily feed intake decreased laying performance and carcass yield but had no effect on breast meat quality.