• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

This study suggested the problems and their improvement measures for the operation of fire detectors and sprinkler heads installed at apartment houses. According to a census on population and housing in 2010, apartment houses account for 71.6% of the total housing facilities. And by fire statistics data of the National Emergency Management Agency, approximately 25.0% of fire accidents and 46.4% of casualties occur at apartment houses every year. Therefore, this study conducted for identifying the causes and characteristics of fire to establish the fire safety improvement measures for apartment houses. And this study was carried out virtual fire simulation at domestic apartment houses. The scenario of the simulation contains a comparative analysis on the operation time of standard sprinkler heads and residential sprinkler heads, heat detectors and smoke detectors. As a result of simulation, it was found that standard sprinkler heads and heat detectors installed at the existing apartment houses should be replaced with residential sprinkler heads and smoke detectors for rapid fire suppression. In addition, sprinkler systems should be considered to be installed for excluded floor at apartment houses. Especially, it is necessary to construct remote inspect systems like advanced countries for efficiency of apartment houses safety management.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

This study is kinematics for the manipulator development of cucumber harvesting. A theory value was verified by repeated error measurement after the forward kinematics or inverse kinematics analysis of manipulator. Manipulator is consisted of one perpendicular link and two revolution link. The transformation of manipulator can be valued by kinematics using Denavit-Hartenberg parameter. The value of inverse kinematics which is solved by three angles faction shows two types. Repeated errors refered maximum 2.60 mm, 2.05mm and 1.55 mm according to X, Y, Z axis. In this study, the actual coordinates of maximum point and minimum point were agreement in the forward kinematics or inverse kinematics. The results of repeated error measurement were reflect to be smaller compared to a diameter of cucumber. measurement errors were determined by experimented errors during the test. For reducing errors of manipulator and improving work efficiency, the number of link should be reduced and breeding and cultural environment should be considered to reduce the weight and use the hard stuff. The velocity of motor for working should be considered, too.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5376-5383
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• 2011

The objective of this study is the development of carbon-recycle technology, that converts carbon dioxide captured from flue gas to carbon monoxide or carbon for reuse in industrial fields. It is difficult to decompose $CO_2$ because $CO_2$ is very stable molecule. And then metal oxide was used as an activation agent or catalyst for the decomposition of $CO_2$ at low temperature. Metal oxides, which converts $CO_2$ to CO or C, were prepared using Ni-ferrite by solid state method and hydrothermal synthesis in this study. TPR/TPO and TGA were used as an analysis method to analyze the decomposition characteristics of $CO_2$. As the results, the reduction area of $H_2$ was high value at 15 wt% of NiO and the decomposition area of $CO_2$ was superior capacity at 5 wt% of NiO. However, TGA data showed contrary results that reduction area of $H_2$ was 28.47wt% and oxidation area by $CO_2$ was 26.95wt% at 2.5 wt% of NiO, one of the Ni-ferrite powders synthesized using solid state method. $CO_2$ decomposition efficiency was 94.66% and it is excellent results in comparison with previous studies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.725-731
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• 2016

This study numerically investigates the thermal performance of a 2.0-kW butane-based combustion heating system for an electric vehicle under cold conditions. The system is used for cabin space heating and coolant-based battery thermal management. ANSYS CFX 17 software was used for parametric analysis. The mass flow rates of cold air and coolant were varied, and their effects were compared. The numerical results were validated with theoretical studies, which showed an error of 0.15%. As the outside air mass flow rates were increased to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.015 kg/s, the cabin supply air temperature decreased continuously while the coolant outlet temperature increased. When the coolant mass flow rates were increased to 0.005, 0.01 and 0.015 kg/s, the air temperature increased while the coolant outlet temperatures decreased. The optimal mass flow rates are discussed in a consideration of the requirements for high cabin heating capacity and efficient battery thermal management.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2002

System developments by components are accomplished by creating new software based on independent components having respective function. Generally, component-based software developments are expected to obtain profits caused by reuse of software, such as improvement of quality, rapid development, and efficiency of maintenance. In a component-based system, the most important goal and also key to success is to identify and construct high quality components that may increase reusability. Therefore, it is necessary for component developers to understand strong and weak points of existing component development methodologies in the aspect of identification of component, and to select the most appropriate methodology for the system to be constructed. It is also necessary for component developers to develop a new methodology enabling effective identification of independent components through modification and/or complementation of existing methodologies. The modification and complementation needs comparison and analysis of various existing methodologies. Accordingly, the this paper is to provide explanation for some widely used methodologies representing the existing component-based software development methodologies such as RUP(Rational Unified Process) of Rational company［1,9］, CBD96 of Computer Associates company［2,3］, UNIFACE of Compuware company［5］, and UML components methodology derived from extending of the component developing method of CBD96 by Cheesman and Daniels［4］. The this paper is also to point out respective problems of the representative existing methodologies. Furthermore, component identification methodologies are compared and analyzedon the whole through this paper.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper attempted to investigate the relationships among the perception of job insecurity and organizational effectiveness, and it examines these relationships while considering the moderating effect of trust in the manager and self-efficacy. Job insecurity is an independent variable, organizational effectiveness aspects (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) are dependent variables, and trust and self-efficacy are moderators. Research design, data, and methodology - Regression analysis was used to verify the effects. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but for this purpose, some modifications were made. To examine the model, this study relied on the samples chosen from Korean employees in the six franchise business firms. The survey was conducted on 288 workers. Each question is based on a 5-point Likert type scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results - The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, job insecurity has an influence on organizational effectiveness aspects (negatively on job satisfaction, negatively on organizational commitment, and positively on turnover intention). Second, analyzing the moderating effect of trust, trust in manager is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on organizational commitment and on turnover intention). However, employees' trust in manager had no significant moderating effect on the job insecurity-job satisfaction relationship. Third, self-efficacy is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on job satisfaction, on organizational commitment, and on turnover intention). Conclusions - First, it is necessary to be aware of the seriousness of employees' job insecurity in franchise firms, which have played a pivotal role in national economic growth, and to create a detailed plan for reducing insecurity and actively implementing it. To this end, the franchise companies should implement efficiency efforts such as obtaining an appropriate capacity of equipped personnel and a training program. Second, there are moderating effects of self-efficacy and trust in the relationship between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness. Depending on business conditions, stability and instability can only be experienced in the organizations of franchise companies. This can give rise to instability in employment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize a system that can be minimized with a change in the new awareness of employment instability. After all, a good leader (manager) must accumulate personal trust and build up a core competence that is necessary to become competent in the field himself. Even if you lack the material resources to improve performance, if the leader with the core competencies (e.g., technical/management /organization/marketing/design) can gain the trust of the supervisor, you can get a good organizational performance. Therefore, you should foster a healthy organizational culture through education such as leadership training and employee training to be built on trust between the leaders and the employees. In addition, you need to focus on HRD&M training in order to increase the self-efficacy of the supervisor.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.104-108
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• 1998

Analysis of energy budget in Neomysis awatschensis exposed to PCB toxicity was carried out by measurement of bioassay, growth, oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. Energy contents of the body, molted exoskeleton and eggs, which measured to understand used energy for growth, molt and oxygen consumption were 5.52cal/mg, 2.17 cal/mg and 6.15 cal/mg, respectively. Feeding energies at $10^{\circ}C$ were 3.755ca1 in control group and 3.420 cal at 2.0 ppb concentration, of them, $70.19\%$ and $67.53\%$ of their energies were assimilated. At $20^{\circ}C$, feeding energies were 5.998 cal in control group and 4.166 cal at 2.0 ppb concentration. The assimilation efficiency of the mysid estimated by ash-ratio method ranged between $11.5\~67.5\%$ and $73.4\~70.5\%$ with PCB toxicity at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ respectively. Energy used by respiration of total assimilated energy was $45.18\%$ in control group and $62.27\%$ in 2.0 pub concentration at $20^{\circ}C$, and energy used by metabolism was high 2.0 ppb concentration than control group.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Nuclear fuel cladding tubes are manufactured through pilgering and the annealing process. In order to remove the oxidized layer and impurities on the surface of the tube, a pickling process is required. Zirconium (Zr) is dissolved in a HF and $HNO_3$ acid mixture during the process and the pickling waste acid, including the dissolved Zr, is completely discarded after neutralization. This study observes the effects of the residual impurities (Ba) in the pickling solution regenerated from the $BaF_2$ precipitation process on the waste pickling solution. In addition, the concentration of Ba and Zr for the actual nuclear fuel cladding tube process was optimized. The regenerated pickling solution was tested through a pilot plant pickling process device that simulates the commercial pickling process of nuclear fuel cladding tubes, and the pickling efficiency was analyzed through AFM analysis of the roughness of the cladding tube surface.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2012

Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs prepared the method to update traffic connection system by amending "National Transport System Efficiency Act(hereinafter Act)". The key is a development of Intermodal Transfer Center. The law and guideline related with Intermodal Transfer Center requires the installation and operation of transfer information guide facility to improve user's convenience. However, there are no sufficient studies that can be used as references for the method to construct transfer support information system related with user's preference. The study performed the research about user's service satisfaction in relation with transfer support information service, which was embodied in model operation process, on the basis of transfer support information system of Intermodal Transfer Center applied to Gimpo Airport. The analysis result about service preference, importance of each supplied information, service satisfaction and consideration for service embodiment can be used as a guideline to embody the user information service of Intermodal Transfer Center. In addition, through CVM, the study estimated and proposed the service valuation of smart intermodal transfer service that provides customized information to cope with user's situation and traffic means operation status among transfer support information service. It is determined that the study will measure the benefit of Intermodal Transfer Center user by using monetary value when smart intermodal transfer service is supplied and provide the ground to expand high-tech transfer information service with high usefulness and convenience.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

An advanced receiver which can manage inter-cell interference is required to cope with the explosively increasing mobile data traffic. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has discussed network assisted interference cancellation and suppression (NAICS) to improve signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) and receiver performance by suppression or cancellation of interference signal from inter-cells. In this paper, we propose the advanced receiver based on soft decision to reduce the interference from neighbor cell in LTE-Advanced downlink system. The proposed receiver can suppress and cancel the interference by calculating the unbiased estimation value of interference signal using minimum mean square error (MMSE) or interference rejection combing (IRC) receiver. The interference signal is updated using soft information expressed by log-likelihood ratio (LLR). We perform the system level simulation based on 20MHz bandwidth of 3GPP LTE-Advanced downlink system. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver can improve SINR, throughput, and spectral efficiency of conventional system.