• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.249-256
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• 2006

New infrastructures and buildings are being constructed increasingly in congested urban areas, and excavation-induced ground movements often cause distortion and damage to adjacent buildings. Protection of adjacent structures occupies a major part of the cost, schedule and third-party impacts of urban development. To limit damage or mitigate their effects on nearby structures, it is highly important to understand the whole mechanism from excavation to building damage, and to estimate building damage reliably before excavation and provide appropriate measures. This paper investigates the effects of excavation-induced ground movements on nearby structures, considering soil-structure interactions for ground and structures, and a building damage criterion, which is based on the state of strain, is proposed. The criterion is compared with other existing damage estimation criteria and a procedure is finally provided for estimating building damage due to excavation-induced ground movements.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2010

With recent growth of population and industry, urban development grows into grand scheme of excavation and construction in urban area. As the development progress advanced, the developments get large and deepen. With a progress of technology development in geotechnical engineering in Korea, most our grand scheme of projects follows great progress. On the other hand, some excavation in construction site caused direct or indirect event that affects the adjacent or surrounding structures by excavation from time to time. This event usually happens around residential and commercial area where underground tunnel, subway station, commercial building, and high-rises excavation site is, could lead great damage on economy as well as personal injury or human casualties. In order to prevent this event, the study has to be done with analysis on various events of excavation and its cause. In this paper, the research has collected the various excavation events and their causes to analyze on each site and event to define emphasis on surrounding environment.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.715-726
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• 2019

Several municipal seismic vulnerability investigations have been identified pounding of adjacent structures as one of the main hazards due to the constrained separation distance between adjacent buildings. Consequently, an assessment of the seismic pounding risk of buildings is superficial in future adjustment of design code provisions for buildings. The seismic lateral oscillation of adjacent buildings with eccentric alignment is partly restrained, and therefore a torsional response demand is induced in the building under earthquake excitation due to eccentric pounding. In this paper, the influence of the eccentric seismic pounding on the design demands for adjacent symmetric buildings with eccentric alignment is presented. A mathematical simulation is formulated to evaluate the eccentric pounding effects on the seismic design demands of adjacent buildings, where the seismic response analysis of adjacent buildings in series during collisions is investigated for various design parameters that include number of stories; in-plan alignment configurations, and then compared with that for no-pounding case. According to the herein outcomes, the effects of seismic pounding severity is mainly depending on characteristics of vibrations of the adjacent buildings and on the characteristics of input ground motions as well. The position of the building wherever exterior or interior alignment also, influences the seismic pounding severity as the effect of exposed direction from one or two sides. The response of acceleration and the shear force demands appear to be greater in case of adjacent buildings as seismic pounding at different levels of stories, than that in case of no-pounding buildings. The results confirm that torsional oscillations due to eccentric pounding play a significant role in the overall pounding-involved response of symmetric buildings under earthquake excitation due to horizontal eccentric alignment.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2021

In urban cities, buildings were built in the neighborhood, these buildings influence each other through structure-soilstructure interaction (SSSI) and seismic pounding due to limited separation distance in-between. Generally, the effects of the interaction between soil and structure are disregarded during seismic design and analysis of superstructure. However, the system of soil-base adversely changes structural behavior and response demands. Thus, the vibration characteristics plus the seismic response of a building are not able to be independent of those in adjacent buildings. The interaction between structure, soil, and structure investigates the action of the attendance of adjacent buildings to the others by the interaction effect of the sub-soil under dynamic disturbances. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of SSSI and seismic pounding on the behavior of adjacent buildings. The response of a single structure or two adjacent structures with shallow raft base lying on soft soil are studied. Three dimensions finite element models are developed to investigate the effects of pounding; gap distance; conditions of soil; stories number; a mass of adjacent building and ground excitation frequency on the seismic responses and vibration characteristics of the structures. The variation in the story displacement, story shear, and story moment responses demands are studied to evaluate the presence effect of the adjacent buildings. Numerical results acquired using conditions of soil models are compared with the condition of fixed support and adjacent building models to a single building model. The peak responses of story displacement, story moment, and story shear are studied.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1127-1146
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• 2015

The excitation angle or angle of incidence is the angle in which the horizontal seismic components are applied with respect to the principal structural axes during a time history analysis. In this study, numerical simulations and parametric studies are performed for the investigation of the effect of the angle of seismic incidence on the response of adjacent buildings, which may experience structural pounding during strong earthquakes due to insufficient or no separation distance between them. A specially developed software application has been used that implements a simple and efficient methodology, according to which buildings are modelled in three dimensions and potential impacts are simulated using a novel impact model that takes into account the arbitrary location of impacts and the geometry at the point of impact. Two typical multi-storey buildings and a set of earthquake records have been used in the performed analyses. The results of the conducted parametric studies reveal that it is very important to consider the arbitrary direction of the ground motion with respect to the structural axes of the simulated buildings, especially during pounding, since, in many cases, the detrimental effects of pounding become more pronounced for an excitation angle different from the commonly examined 0 or 90 degrees.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.371-390
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• 2010

Historical buildings in seismically active regions are severely damaged by earthquakes, since they certainly were not designed by the original builders to withstand seismic effects. In particular the reports after major ground motions indicate that earthquake-induced pounding between buildings may lead to substantial damage or even collapse of colliding structures. The research on structural pounding during earthquakes has been recently much advanced, although most of the studies are conducted on simplified single degree of freedom systems. In this paper a detailed pounding-involved response analysis of three adjacent structures is performed, concerning the main bodies of the "Quinto Orazio Flacco" school. The construction includes a main masonry building, with an M-shaped plan, and a reinforced concrete building, separated from the masonry one and realized along its free perimeter. By the analysis of the capacity curves obtained by suitable pushover procedures performed separately for each building, it emerges that masonry and reinforced concrete buildings are vulnerable to earthquake-induced structural pounding in the longitudinal direction. In particular, due to the geometric configuration of the school, a special case of impact between the reinforced concrete structure and two parts of the masonry building occurs. In order to evaluate the pounding-involved response of three adjacent structures, in this paper a numerical procedure is proposed, programmed using MATLAB software. Both a non-linear viscoelastic model to simulate impact and an elastic-perfectly plastic approximation of the storey shear force-drift relation are assumed, differently from many commercial softwares which admit just one non-linearity.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2004

Soil Nailing 공법은 국내의 경우 1993년 처음으로 적용된 이후 최근에는 가시설용에서 영구용으로 확대되어 적용되고 있다. Soil Nailing 공법에 있어서 강성 전면벽체는 지반의 변형을 억제하는 역할을 하며, 인접한 건물 또는 지하구조물 등의 손상을 최소화 하기 위한 목적으로 사용되고 있다. 국내의 경우 도심지에 적용되고 있는 Soil Nailing 벽체는 지반의 이완을 최소화하기 위해 H-Pile+토류판, 쉬트파일, SCW 및 JSP 등의 흙막이 벽체와 함께 종종 사용되고 있다. 그러나 전면벽체의 강성을 고려하기 위한 적당한 설계방법에 대한 제시가 없는 실정이어서 안전측에서 벽체의 강성에 의한 구속효과를 무시하여 왔다. 본 연구에서는 Soil Nailing 벽체의 전체 안정성에 벽체의 강성이 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 다양한 실내모형실험이 수행되었으며, 전단강도감소기법과 같은 수치해석기법을 이용한 매개변수변화연구도 시도되었다. 매개변수변화연구에서는 전면벽체의 강성의 영향을 알아보기 위해 콘크리트 전면벽체의 두께를 변화시켰다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.453-467
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• 2012

공간이 한정된 도심지에서 인구가 밀집되는 가운데 도심의 복합지하공간에 대한 개발은 날로 늘어나고 있다. 이러한 가운데 홍수피해의 90% 이상이 도심지 홍수피해라고 할 만큼 도심지의 수재해에 대한 대비가 필요한 실정이다. 이러한 요구에 따라 도심지 복합지하공간 하부에 지하저류공동 시설물을 시공하여 도심지 홍수피해 시 복합지하공간에 대한 안정성을 확보하고자 한다. 지하저류공동에서 저장된 빗물을 원활히 제어하기 위해서는 한 개의 공동보다 다수의 저류공동 시설로 설계하는 것이 유리하다. 다수의 저류공동으로 시공을 할 경우 공동과 공동 사이의 필라 구조물에 상부의 하중이 집중되기 때문에 필라 구조물에서 안정성 확보 방안이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 필라부의 안정성을 확보하기 위한 필라부 보강공법을 개발하였다. 필라부 보강공법은 철근과 PC강연선으로 구성된 보강재를 필라부에 삽입한 후 가압 그라우팅을 하고, 프리스트레스를 가하는 공법이다. 따라서 기존의 프리케스트 콘트리트 구조물로 필라부를 보강하는 것과 달리 원지반을 직접 보강하는 공법으로 원지반의 강도를 최대한 활용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 먼저, 가압 그라우팅을 하였을 경우 지반 보강효과뿐만 아니라 필라부에 가해지는 상부의 하중을 경감시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다. 또한 프리스트레스를 가하게 되면 필라부에 내압을 가하는 효과로 인하여 지반강도를 증가시키는 역할을 기대할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 보강효과를 통해서 필라부 주변지반의 거동이 어떻게 변화할 것인지를 판단하고자 한다. 먼저, 수치해석을 통해서 각 시공단계별 필라부 지반의 응력 변화 양상을 판단하였다. 이를 통해서 가압 그라우팅과 프리스트레스에 의한 효과를 검증할 수 있었다.