• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 1996

This study was carried out to clarify the genetic constitution of biochemical polymorphic loci controlling blood protein and enzymes as genetic rnarkers in Korean native chicken(KNG) population Blood samples were collected from 230 KNG representing three colored-lines(reddish-, yellowish- and blackish- brown) raised in Daejeon branch of National Livestock Research Institute. Eight blood marker loci, transferrin(Tf), post-albumin(Pas), albumin(Alb), amylase-1(Arny-1), es-terase-1(Es-1), alkaline phosphatase(Akp), catalase(Cat) and hemoglobin(Hh) were analyzed by using starch, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the gene frequencies of polymorphic marker loci, the genetic characteristics of KNF population was analyzed, and the genetic ariability within population was quantified. The genetic relationships between KNC and other native fowls or improved breeds were also estimated. The gene frequencies of Tf, Pas and AIb loci were similar to those of improved breeds among the seven biochemical polymorphic loci, while gene frequencies of Cat and Es-i loci were remarkably different between KNC and improved breeds. Gene frequencies of amy-i and Akp loci were similar to those of New Hampshire and Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn, respectively. However in comparison with other improved breeds, great differences were observed in gene frequencies of these loci The average heterozygosity, effective number of alleles and homogeneity index for the seven loci combined were estimated to be .334, 1.639 and .373, respectively. Based on the dendrogram and genetic distances, the KNC was genetically closer to New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island Red breeds than to the White Leghorn breed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3113-3118
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• 2012

Introduction: Cancer is the second cause of death in Kuwaiti people after cardiovascular diseases. This study is the first in the country to describe epidemiological measures related to cancer in this population. Methods: Data obtained from the Kuwait cancer registry included all Kuwaiti patients between years 2000-2009. Analyses were conducted using age-specific rates, the age-standardization-direct method, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), cumulative risk by the age of 74 years, limited-duration prevalence, mortality and forecasting to year 2029. Results: It was noted that the commonest cancer sites were colorectal with an age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 16.1/100,000 in males and breast (49.4/100,000) in the female population. The trend of cancer incidence (1974-2009) showed no statistically significant change. First causes of death due to cancer were female breast 8(6.4-9.6)/100,000 and lung (males) 8.1/100,000 (6.6-10.0). The risk of developing cancer by the age of 74 was 13.4% (1/8) and 14.3% (1/7) in males and females respectively, and the risk of dying from cancer in the same age group was 1/17 and 1/23. By the end of 2009, prevalent cases represented 0.52% of the Kuwaiti population. In the year 2029, the total number of cancer cases is expected to reach 1200 cases compared to 889 cases in 2009. Conclusions and recommendations: The most common cancers in Kuwait (breast, colorectal and lung) are largely preventable. Prompt and effective interventional prevention programs that vigorously involve diet, anti-smoking and physical activity for both sexes are urgently required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 1993

Effect of the amount of fertilizer, plant density, and harvesting time on the production of tobacco leaf protein and fresh biomass was investigated. Flue-cured tobacco(M tabacum, L., cv. NC 82) seedlings were transplanted in the field dressed 200kg N per ha at 1$\times$105, 3$\times$105, 5$\times$105, 7$\times$105 plants per ha, and were harvested at the time when 6 and 10 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Harvest at 10 weeks after transplanting increased greatly number of leaves per plant and fresh weight of a plant, Precentage of senescent leaf weight, but significantly decreased fresh weight of a leaf and total protein contents g-1 fresh weight of leaf and stalk over the amount obtained from the harvest at 6 weeks after transplanting. Also, fresh leaf numbers of a plant, fresh weight of a leaf and of a plant, and total protein contents g-1 fresh weight of biomass were more decreased, but percentage of senescent leaf weight were remarkably increased under higher plant density. Therefore, it was seemed that harvesting at 6 weeks after transplanting under 1$\times$105 plant density per ha is more effective for producing higher yield of biomass and protein per plant than 10 weeks harvesting with 7$\times$105 population per ha. A trend was observed that biomass and protein yields per ha are positively correlated with plant population. Biomass yield per ha was the greatest at 7$\times$105 density(80.5t), but the peak of protein yield was at the near of 5$\times$105 population(2454kg as total protein) per ha on the regression curve. It was assumed that if tobacco plants are transplanted under 5$\times$105 plant density at the mid of May, and thereafter harvest at 6 weeks repeatedly during the growing season, it is possible to harvest 2~3 times per year, and to yield more 6.024kg of protein and over 140me1ric tons of fresh biomass ha 1 year 1 statistically in the korea tobacco growing regions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1491-1500
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• 2019

Objective: European pigs have been imported to improve the economically important traits of Thai pigs by crossbreeding and was finally completely replaced. Currently Thai indigenous pigs are particularly kept in a small population. Therefore, indigenous pigs risk losing their genetic diversity and identity. Thus, this study was conducted to perform large-scale genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses on the many pig breeds available in Thailand. Methods: Genetic diversity and phylogenetics analyses of 222 pigs belonging to Thai native pigs (TNP), Thai wild boars (TWB), European commercial pigs, commercial crossbred pigs, and Chinese indigenous pigs were investigated by genotyping using 26 microsatellite markers. Results: The results showed that Thai pig populations had a high genetic diversity with mean total and effective ($N_e$) number of alleles of 14.59 and 3.71, respectively, and expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) across loci (0.710). The polymorphic information content per locus ranged between 0.651 and 0.914 leading to an average value above all loci of 0.789, and private alleles were found in six populations. The higher $H_e$ compared to observed heterozygosity ($H_o$) in TNP, TWB, and the commercial pigs indicated some inbreeding within a population. The Nei's genetic distance, mean $F_{ST}$ estimates, neighbour-joining tree of populations and individual, as well as multidimensional analysis indicated close genetic relationship between Thai indigenous pigs and some Chinese pigs, and they are distinctly different from European pigs. Conclusion: Our study reveals a close genetic relationship between TNP and Chinese pigs. The genetic introgression from European breeds is found in some TNP populations, and signs of genetic erosion are shown. Private alleles found in this study should be taken into consideration for the breeding program. The genetic information from this study will be a benefit for both conservation and utilization of Thai pig genetic resources.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2019

Control of pine wilt disease, which is caused by pine wilt nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is heavily dependent on the use of chemicals such as abamectin. Although such chemicals are highly effective, demands for alternatives that are derived preferentially from natural sources, are increasing out of environmental concerns. One of the challenges to discovery of alternative control agents is lack of fast and efficient screening method that can be used in a high-throughput manner. Here we described the development of colorimetric assay for the rapid and accurate screening of candidate nematicidal compounds/biologics targeting B. xylophilus. Contrary to the conventional method, which relies on laborious visual inspection and counting of nematode population under microscope, our method utilizes a redox dye that changes its color in response to metabolic activity of nematode population in a given sample. In this work, we optimized parameters of our colorimetric assay including number of nematodes and amount of redox dye, and tested applicability of our assay for screening of chemicals and biologics. We demonstrated that our colorimetric assay can be applied to rapid and accurate quantification of nematode viability/mortality in a nematode population treated with candidate chemicals/biologics. Application of our method would facilitate high-throughput endeavors aiming at finding environment-friendly control agents for deadly disease of pine trees.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.186-199
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• 2019

We selected 68 Chinese maize inbred lines to understand the genetic diversity, population structure, and marker-trait associations for eight agronomic traits and 50 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. In this study, effective traits, such as days of anthesis (DA), days of silking (DS), ear height (EH), plant to ear height ratio (ER), plant height (PH), and leaf width (LW) were divided into PC1 and PC2 by PCA analysis for maize inbred lines. Genetic diversity analysis revealed a total of 506 alleles at 50 SSR loci. The mean number of alleles per locus was 10.12. The averages of genetic diversity (GD) and polymorphic information content (PIC) values were 0.771 and 0.743, respectively. Based on a membership probability threshold of 0.80, the population structure revealed that the total inbred lines were divided into three major groups with one admixed group. A marker-trait association using Q + K MLM showed that nine SSR markers (bnlg1017, umc2041, umc2400, bnlg105, umc1229, umc1250, umc1066, umc2092, and umc1426) were related with seven agronomic traits. Among these SSR markers, eight SSR markers were associated with only one agronomic trait (DA, DS, ER, LL, LW, PH, and ST), whereas one SSR marker (umc1229) was associated with two agronomic traits (DA and ST). These results will help in optimizing the choice of inbred lines for cross combinations, as well as in selecting markers for further maize breeding programs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1325-1332
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the particle size (PS) of alfalfa hay (AH) and soybean hull (SH) on milk production of dairy cows and the population of major cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen. Eight lactating Holstein cows, averaging $590{\pm}33\;kg$ BW and $47{\pm}13$ days in milk (DIM), were assigned in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments: alfalfa hay particle size (fine vs. coarse) combined with soy hull (zero or substituted as 50% of AH). The cows were fed diets formulated according to NRC (2001). Physically effective factor (pef) and physically effective fiber (peNDF) contents of diets increased by increasing AH particle size and inclusion of SH in the diets (p<0.01). Dry matter intake was not significantly affected by treatments but intake of peNDF was increased marginally by increasing the PS of AH (p = 0.08) and by SH inclusion (p<0.01) in the diets. Milk production was increased by feeding diets containing SH (p = 0.04), but it was not affected by the dietary PS. Milk fat content was increased by increasing AH particle size (p = 0.03) and decreased by SH substitution for a portion of AH (p<0.01). The numbers of total bacteria and cellulolytic species were not affected by PS of AH or by SH. F. succinogenes was the most abundant species in the rumen followed by R. albus and R. flavefaciens (p<0.01). This study showed that SH cannot replace the physically effective fiber in AH having either coarse or fine particle size. In diets containing SH, increasing of diet PS using coarse AH can maintain milk fat content similar to diets without SH. Particle size and peNDF content of diets did not affect the number of total or fibrolytic bacteria in the rumen.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2019

Porphyra yezoensis is a red algal species in the genus Porphyra. The phenetics and genetic diversity of four populations of P. yezoensis in Korea were reconstructed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Overall, 55 fragments were generated among the tested P. yezoensis array with 20 OPERON primers. A total of 30(54.5%) of these bands were polymorphic. The OPA-18-02 band was amplified in the samples of Nakdong population and absent in them of other three populations. The OPA-20-02 band was only amplified in the Seocheon population. Both bands exhibited distinctive patterns in specific populations. The effective number of alleles per locus (Ae) ranged from 1.161 to 1.293 with a mean of 1.366. The Seocheon population had a high expected diversity (0.163). The Nakdong population was an isolated endemic and intertidal zone. Thus the narrow distributed Nakdong population had a low expected diversity (0.092). Shannon's index of phenotypic diversity (I) of the Seocheon population (0.238) was the highest among all populations. Total genetic diversity ($H_T$) varied between 0.132 for OPA-02 and 0.420 for OPA-19. The interlocus variation of genetic diversity ($H_S$) was 0.059 for OPA-18 and 0.339 for OPA-19. On a per locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations ($G_{ST}$) ranged from 0.012 for OPA-11 to 0.762 for OPA-18 with a mean of 0.415, indicating that 42% of the total variation was found among these populations. In an assessment of the proportion of diversity present within this species, 58.5% (100%-41.5%) of genetic variation resided within the populations studied. The Nm was estimated to be low (0.705).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.251-257
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• 2008

Among the mainstream of this society has quickly adopted computer technology as part of their daily life, the ever growing group of elderly people, which will increase from 7% of the population in 2000 to being 14% just 18 years later, has been being exposed to computer using environment more than ever before. According to the survey of Korean government in 2005, the number of the elderly using computer has been rising actually, so web-based survey to identify housing needs of the elderly seems to have lots of possibilities as a useful tool for them. This study aims at comparing web-based survey tool with paper-based one, developed to identify the elderly needs on digital home planning. Experimental method and in-depth interview were employed. The participants were divided into 2 groups, web-based and paper-based survey group. Each group was controlled over by age (average 60 years old), gender and computer skill. As a results, web-based survy tool was revealed as effective to clearer understanding and causing more interests and more available, but less easy to handle than paper-based survey one. Through the in-depth interview, web-based survey tool was identified as a more effective method to figure out the needs of the elderly who are familiar with computer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1338-1343
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• 2004

The Debao pony ear marginal tissue fibroblast cell line (NDPEM 2/2) was uccessfully established using either primary explant technique or collagenase technique. The characterizations of the cell line were identified as following: the cells were adherent and of density limitation; population doubling time (PDT) of cells made with the two techniques were 35.9 h and 48 h, respectively; chromosome analysis showed that the frequency of cell chromosome number to be 2n=64 was 91.3%-92.8%. Confirmed by isoenzyme analysis, this cell line had no cross- contamination. Tests for microbial contamination from bacteria, fungi, virus or mycoplasma were negative. This newly established cell line meets all the standard quality controls of ATCC. It will provide a precious genetic resource for the conservation of the Debao pony breed, as well as effective experimental material for genetic studies on Debao ponies.