• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 1974

In order to study 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde derivatives having more effective antibacterial activity, four new $N^4$-(5-nitro-2-furfurylidene)-$N^1$-substituted sulfanilamides$N^1$-3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazoyl-$N^4$-5-nitro-2-furfurylidene sulfanilamide, $N^1$-4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl-$N^4$-5-isoxazoyl-$N^4$-5-nitro-2-furfurylidene sulfanilamide, $N^1$-6-methoxy-3-pyridazinyl-$N^4$-5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with sulfa drugs such as sulfisoxazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfadimethoxine. All compounds were tested for antibacterial activity in vitro on the following micro-organisms : Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Each compound exhibited a fair bacteriostatic activity against each microorganism. Above all, sulfisoxazole derivatives showed higher activity than the others. Each compound was most active against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas least active against proteus vulgaris.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.277-280
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of HPLT on the inactivation rates of microorganisms in raw milk depending on the pressurization time and temperature. Raw milk samples were submitted to HPLT of 200 MPa at -4, 4, 12 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. Inactivation increased with pressurization time and HPLT of microorganisms at 200 MPa was time dependent at any temperature. At sub-zero temperature of $-4^{\circ}C$, high pressure pasteurization was the most effective in inactivating microorganisms.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2018

Melatonin, an indolic tryptophan-derived compound, is secreted rhythmically from the pineal gland, mainly under the regulation of the circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Melatonin is widely present in nature, with biological activities in unicellular organisms, plants, and animals. A major function of melatonin is to transmit information to organisms about certain physiological functions in response to daily and seasonal variations in their environment. In this paper, we review a variety of melatonin's functional properties, its occurrence in plants, and its synthesis by yeasts. Fermented milk supplemented with melatonin-rich plants and yeasts can be used for the effective treatment of sleep disorders.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2006

The ultrasonics is a new technology in waste activated sludge(WAS) treatment. Ultrasonic treatment is well known method for the break up of microbial cells to extract out a variety of intercellular materials inside microorganism cell. This study was done to investigate the effects of the ultrasonic frequency and power on disruption of biosolids in WAS and to examine the effect on methane production of WAS treated by ultrasonics. Biosolids disruption with ultrasound is more effective at ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz and power of 0.3 watt/mL. In the digestion with WAS pretreated by sonication time for 10 minute at 40 kHz and 0.3 watt/mL, the total quantity of generated methane increased by 75%, as compared with experimental control(non-treatment).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.243-250
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• 2000

The study was performed to investigated the excellent microbial anticaries substance which is more effective than the chlorohexidine in the dental caries treatment. For the screening of alkaliphilic microorganism, more than 1200 bacterial strains were isolated from sea soil sample. A typ-ical strain which produced the most excellent antimicrobial substance was selected. The strain was identified novel alkalophilic Bacillus sp. through the results of morphological, biochemical and chemotaxonomical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing and designated as Bacillus alkalophilshaggy JY-827.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.399-409
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of microbial products on growth of chinese cabbage and microorganisms in soil. Two different levels of microbial products, such as 50 times and 100 times diluted solutions of chitosan, wood vinegar and EM activity liquid, were treated for foliar application. the results were summarized as follows : Among foliar applications of microbial products, 100 times diluted solution of chitosan was effective on growth of chinese cabbage comparing to other levels of dilutions and untreated control plot. The number of microorganism in the soil tended to increase under the treatment of microbial products compared to control plot. Especially, the numbers of the bacteria and actinomycetes were estimated $73.67{\times}10^3$ CFU/g and $34.00{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, respectively, under the treatment of 100 times diluted solution of chitosan.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.899-905
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• 2019

Recently, an innovative method for wastewater treatment and nutrient removal was developed by combining the sequence batch reactor and membrane bioreactor to overcome pollution caused by shipboard sewage. This system is a modified form of the activated sludge process and involves repeated cycles of mixing and aeration. In the present study, the bacterial diversity and dominant microbial community in this wastewater treatment system were studied using the MACROGEN next generation sequencing technique. A high diversity of bacteria was observed in anaerobic and aerobic bioreactors, with approximately 486 species. Microbial diversity and the presence of beneficial species are crucial for an effective biological shipboard wastewater treatment system. The Arcobacter genus was dominant in the anaerobic tank, which mainly contained Arcobacter lanthieri (8.24%), followed by Acinetobacter jahnsonii (5.81%). However, the dominant bacterial species in the aerobic bioreactor were Terrimonas lutea (7.24%) and Rubrivivax gelatinosus (4.95%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1528-1534
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects of Gugija (Lycium chinense Mill) extracts in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We investigated the $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extracts from Gugija. Gugija was extracted by 70% EtOH and 80% MeOH and aqueous, respectively. A single oral dose of Gugija extract inhibited the increase of blood glucose levels significantly at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min and decreased incremental response areas under the glycemic response curve. These results suggest that Gugija 70% EtOH extracts may delay carbohydrate digestion and reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. In addition, triglyceride content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased at higher concentrations of Gugija 70% EtOH extract. Free fatty acid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was increased at higher concentrations of Gugija 70% EtOH extract. Also, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), the key insulin signaling pathway transcription factor, was remarkably increased by the Gugija 70% EtOH extract when compared to those of control cells in protein expression levels. Therefore, Gugija can be developed as an effective anti-obesity and hypoglycemic agent.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

Sucrose (suc) is a disaccharide that consists of glucose (glu) and fructose (fru). It is a carbohydrate source that acts as a nutrient molecule and a molecular signal that regulates gene expression and alters metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate whether suc-specific signaling induces an increase in bioactive compounds by exogenous suc absorption via roots or whether other factors, such as osmotic stress or biotic stress, are involved. To compare the osmotic stress induced by suc treatment, 4-week-old cultured mugwort plants were subjected to Hoagland nutrient solution with 10 mM, 30 mM, and 50 mM of suc or mannitol (man) for 3 days. Shoot fresh weight in suc and man treatments was not significantly different from the control. Both man and suc treatments increased the content of bioactive compounds in mugwort, but they displayed different enhancement patterns compared to the suc treatments. Mugwort extract treated with suc 50 mM effectively protected HepG2 liver cells damaged by ethanol and t-BHP. To compare the biotic stress induced by suc treatment, 3-week-old mugwort plants were subjected to microorganism and/or suc 30 mM with Hoagland nutrient solution. Microorganisms and/or suc 30 mM treatments showed no difference about the shoot fresh weight. However, sugar content in mugwort treated with suc 30 mM and microorganism with suc 30 mM treatment was significantly higher than that of the control. Suc 30 mM and microorganism with suc 30 mM were effective in enhancing bioactive compounds than microorganism treatment. These results suggest that mugwort plants can absorb exogenous suc via roots and the enhancement of bioactive compounds by suc treatment may result not from osmotic stress or biotic stress because of microorganism, but by suc-specific signaling.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.608-608
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• 2003

The main objectives of root canal therapy are cleaning and shaping and then obturating the root canal system in 3 dimensions to prevent reinfection. Many instrumentation techniques and devices, supported by an irrigation system capable of removing pulp tissue remnants and dentin debris, have been proposed to shape root canals. But current regimens in chemomechanical debridement using instrumentation and irrigation with NaOCl are not predictably effective in root canal disinfection. These findings are not surprising because the root canal system is complex and contains numerous ramifications and anatomical irregularities. The microorganisms in root canals not only invade the anatomic irregularities of the root canal system but also are present in the dentinal tubules. Therefore further disinfection with an effective antimicrobial agent may be necessary and it well1mown that use of intracanal medication will lower bacterial count in infected root canals. Calcium hydroxide has a long history of use in endodontics, and more attention has been given to the use of calcium hydroxide as intracanal dressing for the treatment of infected pulp. However, when treatment is completed in one visit, no intracanal medications other than intracanal irrigants are used. Recently, a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent(MTAD), has been introduced as a final rinse for disinfuction of the root canal system. It has been shown that MTAD is able to remove the smear layer with minimal erosive changes on the surface of dentin, and is effective against Enterococcus faecalis, a microorganism resistant to the action of other antimicrobial medications. In another study, the ability of MTAD was investigated to disinfect contaminated root canals with whole saliva and compared its efficacy to that of NaOCl Based on the results, it seems that MTAD is significantly more effective than 5.25% NaOCl in eradicating bacteria from infected root canals. In the cytotoxicity evaluation, MTAD is less cytotoxic than engenol, 3% $H20_2,\;Ca(OH)_2$ paste, 5.25% NaGCl, Peridex, and EDTA and more cytotoxic than 2.63%,1.31% and 0.66% NaOCl. Is it promising or transient?