• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Although microorganisms play an important role in composting process, researches on the effective microorganism (EM) in composting process are rarely reported. In this study, three stages of work performed 1) investigation of composting facility 2) sample collection and isolation of the EM 3) lab-scale composting by seeding the isolated EM. For this, purpose, physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, such as temperature, moisture content, organic matter, pH population of microorganism, etc., were investigated during the process and the results were compared with those of a control(non-seeded). In the composting facility, the most active degradation of food waste was suppsed to occur in 10-11th day of composting by observing the temperature and CO2 emission. The population of bacterial and fungi was highest in thermophilic stage. Meanwhile that of actinomycetes and yeast was relatively uniform during the process. In the lab-scale test, the thermophilic stage was maintained longer(more than 9 days in 17 days of experiment) in the seeded which was favored for the high reduction of organic matter and moisture. Reduction rates of lipids and salinity were also increased in the seeded. It confirmed these results that the population of microorganisms in the seeded was observed higher in several orders than the control. However, pH of the seeded was maintained as low as about 4.5 throughout the experiment except the final period of the process. Meanwhile, pH of the control rose in the early stage of the experiment. This was probably due that the seeded microorganisms collected from the composting facility was adapted to the low pH environment.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2000

The effect of Sunlight exposure on reducing the microorganism counts in the bedding materials was experimented by using 3 kinds of microorganisms(S. aureus, K. pnenmoniae and E. coli) and 3 kinds of fabrics (cotton, silk and polyester). Counts of the microorganism were examined before and after sunlight exposure. The sunlights were controlled U.V and Daylight D50 using MacBeth artificial light source. The specimens were exposed for 5 min, 10 min and 30 minutes under the $20^{\circ}C$ and 60% R.H, distance is 50cm from the light source. Results were as follows, 1. The reduction rate of the 3kinds of microorganisms was remarkably great under the U.V exposure. The U.V. exposure was very effective way to sterlize the bedding materials in the house care. 2. S. aureus was the most susceptible to U.V. exposure and the sunlight exposure. E. coli was the most resistant to the U.V and the sunlight exposure. 3. The reduction rate of the 3 kinds of fabrics was not significantly different. The polyester is more resistant than the silk and the cotton. Those were shown good reduction rate if all kinds of microorganism under the U.V and daylight.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.133-148
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• 2015

Although several adverse effects have been increased in recent years, synthetic agro-chemicals have been widely used to control diseases on paprika. This research was conducted to isolate and to characterize the antagonistic microorganism to control major paprika diseases, gray mold rot, fruit and stem rot, phytophthora blight, sclerotium rot, and wilt disease. Analysis of the fatty acid and analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence revealed that YKJ2 isolated in this research belongs to a group of Burkholderia cepacia. Specially, 16S rDNA gene sequence of YKJ2 showed 99% of sequence similarity with B. cepacia. Observation through the optical microscope revealed that YKJ2 was effective on suppression of the spore germination and the hyphal growth of pathogens. YKJ2 treatment on pathogens induced marked morphological changes like hyphal swelling and degradation of cell wall. In the case of phytophthora blight, the zoosporangium formation was restrained. On the basis of the results of this study, we propose that an antagonistic microorganism, B. cepacia, found in this study naming as "B. cepacia strain YKJ2" and has great potential as one of biological control agents against major diseases of paprika.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.201-212
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• 1999

In use of pesticides in golf courses has been increased steadily. Environmental concern as well as decrease in efficiency led the turfgrass management into an alternate approach of using beneficial microorganism to deal with turfgrass pests. This study was focused on the use of such microorganisms for improving cultural environment and minimizing the use of pesticides. Microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases were applied to zoysiagrass fairways and creeping bentgrass greens in Yusung country club. Tharch accumulation, disease occurrence, and other cultural environments were compared among the combinations of microorganisms and suppliemental N applications. The application of microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases improved turf resiliency. Thatch thickness was 3.03cm in the control plot but it was 2.11cm in plots treated by microorganisms, indicating significant effects of microorganism application on reduction of thatch accumulation. Number of microorganism that can decompose of cellulose was higher at the plots treated with useful microbial products and it was considered that existence of higher population of microorganisms resulted in reduction of thatch accumulation. In the evaluation of relationship between thatch accumulation and disease occurrence, greater thatch accumulation was observed at the golf courses which have been frequently infested by large patch. However, the rate of thatch accumulation varied among surveyed golf courses regardless of the year of turf establishment. Therefore, management practice which can be effective for reduction of thatch could result in large patch suppression. The application of microorganisms on the established turfgrasses reduced the occurrence rate of pythium blight and yellow path diseases, whereas occurrence of brown patch and dollar spot increased.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.162-168
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• 2016

The aim was to investigate the effect of reducing the odorous and complex odor released during the decomposition of food wastes using effective microorganism (EM) as a function of time at $20^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. The variation of total microbial counts and dominant species counts in EM and leachate produced during food wastes decomposition was also observed. In general, the cumulative concentration of sulfur compounds ($H_2S$, $CH_3SH$) and complex odor released during food wastes decomposition increased with increasing elapsed time. The nitrogen compounds ($NH_3$, trimethyl amine), however, was not observed in all samples. The addition of EM in food wastes resulted in the reduction of concentration of sulfur compounds and complex odor, in spite of the increase of $CH_3CHO$ concentration. The dominant microbial species detected in EM were Lactobacillus species(Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei). In the leachate produced during food wastes decomposition, however, the various microbial community alternative to that detected in EM was observed. The EM could be potentially useful as a tools for reducing odor induced from the food waste decomposition process.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

A study was performed to examine the effects of reclaimed-water irrigation on microorganism con-centration in ponded-water of paddy rice plots. Several treatments were used and each one was triplicated to evaluate the change of indicator microorganisms (total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms FC), and E. coli) concentrations in 2003 and 2004 growing seasons. Their concentrations increased significantly right after irrigation, but decreased about $45\%$ in 24 hours. It implies that agricultural activities such as plowing and fertilizing should be practiced one or two days after irrigation considering health-risks. Treatments with UV-disinfected water irrigation demonstrated significantly lower concentrations than others including control plots where natural surface water was irrigated. The monitoring results from actual paddy rice fields and experimental paddy plots showed that concentrations of indicator microorganisms ranged from $10^2\;to\;10^5$ MPN/100mL. A comprehensive assessment of existing agricultural practices and a thorough monitoring in the field as well as treatment-plots are recommended to make more realistic national guidelines more applicable. UV-disinfected water irrigation reduced microorganism concentrations in paddy fields down to below the concentration of conventional paddy rice culture, and is thought to be an effective and feasible measure fur agricultural reuse of secondary effluent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.186-187
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 2005

Most of cosmetics are emulsion products that contain the source of nutrition vegetable oil, mineral oil, natural extract and carbohydrate etc. There are many possibilities to be contaminated by microbials. We investigated the effect of antimicrobial and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) with thiamine dilauryl sulfate(TDS), which was prepared to use cosmetic lotion formulation. Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia col(E. coli) were used as test organism. MIC value of TDS was determined aganist microorganism for the growth inhibition by concentration of TDS. From the MIC results, antimicrobial effect of TDS was generally more effective to gram positive than gram negative. Antimicrobial effect with pH value against some microorganism appeared in the following order : pH 5 > pH 6 > pH 7. It showed strong antimicrobial activities against S. aureus, and weak antimicrobial activities against E. coli. If it was possible to determine the formulations with TDS, it would be effective to reduce the artificial preservatives.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.278-289
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate whether there were differences among three oral care protocols on participants' oral health status (oral status, dry mouth, halitosis, saliva pH, microorganism growth in oral cavity) and tooth stain. The three protocols were: 1) oral solution of 4% normal saline, 2) 0.1% Chlorhexidine and 3) Tantum. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was utilized. A total of 55 elderly patients residing at long-term care facilities(19 in the 4% normal saline group, 17 in the 0.1% Chlorhexidine group, 19 in the Tantum group) received oral care daily for four weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: The halitosis (${\chi}^2=10.71$, p=.005) and saliva pH (${\chi}^2=6.84$, p=.033) scores were significantly improved after the oral care with 4% normal saline. Conclusion: These findings indicate that if elderly patients in long-term care facilities have complaint of the discomfort of using Chlorhexidine or Tantum, 4% normal saline is as effective at the other two. This can also be cost effective as there were no differences among the protocols in oral status, dry mouth, tooth stain or microorganism growth in oral cavity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.315-321
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• 1994

In order to prevent the postharvest decay and to promote the freshness retention of fruits and vegetables grapefruit seed extract(GFSE), natural microorganism control agent, was applied to the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables. Freshfruits and vegetables treated with GFSE and stored in polyethylene film (0.1mm) at 1$0^{\circ}C$-15$^{\circ}C$ of natural low temperature low kept better qualities in color and texture than the GFSE -not- treated control. The treatment using GFSE ina 250ppm to 500ppm concentration seemed to be an effective one for the control of Botrytis cinerea isolated in red wine grapes. After 4 weeks of storage the firmness rate of cucumbers treated with the dilute GFSE was four times higher than that of non-treated ones. GFSE showed effective inhibitory action towards plant pathological bacteria and fungi which were involved in the decay of fruits and vegetables. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of GFSE towards them were in the range of 250ppm to 500ppm .Direct visualization of microbial cells and spores using electron microscopy showed microbial cells and fungal spores the function of which was destroyed by treating with the dilute solutions of GFSE. It was observed that GFSE would reduced disease damages and have bactericide & fungicide properties during the storage of such fruits and vegetables as egg plant, wild edible greens , kumquat, and kiwi fruit.